Comprehensive Air Emissions Inventory Study for the Calgary Region Airshed Zone

Xin Qiu1 and Dennis Stefani2

1: Novus Environmental Inc.2: Calgary Region Airshed Zone

Spring 2012 Conference Event date: 2012-04-23

University of Calgary

Acknowledgements

• Calgary Region Airshed Zone (CRAZ) • Alberta Environment and Water (AEW)• Environment Canada (EC)

This work is supported by

Task:Development of CRAZ Emission

Inventories for Year 2008

The work is based on the SSRP harmonized 2006-2008 emission inventories for AEW. Data sources are mostly from:

AEW Industrial Survey 2008EC 2006 emission inventoryEC NPRI industrial emission database up to 2010ERCB industrial and UOG facility information

Study Domain

Emission Inventories were generated within CRAZ boundaries

Nine Major Sector Groups

• Upstream oil and gas (UOG)• Electric generation units (EGU)• Solvent (SOL)• Retail gas station (GAS)• Cement (CEM)• Other industries (OTHERS)• Commercial and residential heating (COMM)• Transportation (TRANS)• Agriculture (AGR)

Definition is as following:

Anthropogenic Emissions from CRAZ in 2008

• Emissions were generated within CRAZ boundary• Point, area and mobile sources were included• Biogenic emissions were included • Unit in short ton/year

Emissions by 9-Sectors Unit: ton/yr SECTOR AREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5AGR CRAZ 304 121 16,800 31,642 94 28,083 1,723COMM CRAZ 13,373 7,957 1,170 54 1,337 2,713 2,302EGU CRAZ 895 3,278 38 439 162 155 95UOG CRAZ 24,254 24,595 31,190 1,016 35,523 911 777SOL CRAZ 0 0 6,972 0 0 2 2GAS CRAZ 0 0 3,712 0 0 0 0CEM CRAZ 664 3,733 69 0 3,267 1,008 496OTHERS CRAZ 20,915 4,369 2,509 1,260 364 97,222 19,155TRANS CRAZ 492,702 95,704 16,945 875 2,167 212,447 30,379BIOG CRAZ 9 252 50,801 0 0 0 0Total CRAZ 553,115 140,009 130,205 35,285 42,913 342,541 54,928

Emissions by 9-Sectors Unit: % SECTOR AREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5AGR CRAZ 0.1% 0.1% 12.9% 89.7% 0.2% 8.2% 3.1%COMM CRAZ 2.4% 5.7% 0.9% 0.2% 3.1% 0.8% 4.2%EGU CRAZ 0.2% 2.3% 0.0% 1.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2%UOG CRAZ 4.4% 17.6% 24.0% 2.9% 82.8% 0.3% 1.4%SOL CRAZ 0.0% 0.0% 5.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%GAS CRAZ 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%CEM CRAZ 0.1% 2.7% 0.1% 0.0% 7.6% 0.3% 0.9%OTHERS CRAZ 3.8% 3.1% 1.9% 3.6% 0.8% 28.4% 34.9%TRANS CRAZ 89.1% 68.4% 13.0% 2.5% 5.0% 62.0% 55.3%BIOG CRAZ 0.0% 0.2% 39.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%Total CRAZ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Summary of Total Emissions by Sectors

• The highest NOx emissions are from ‘TRANS’ at 68%, followed by ‘UOG’ at 18%

• SO2 emissions are mostly contributed by ‘UOG’ (83%) • VOCs are contributed by sectors of: biogenic takes about

39%, followed by ‘UOG’ (24%), ‘AGR’ (13%) and ‘TRANS’ (13%)

• PM2.5 emissions are largely from “TRANS” at 55%, and ‘Other industries’ (35%) – mostly from constructions

• Agriculture contributes 90% of total NH3

Further Breakdowns for UOG and TRANS are required.

UOG Sub-sectors

• External combustion, including boiler, reboiler, heater etc., (BOIL)

• Internal combustion, including engine (natural gas), turbine, compressor (ENG)

• Internal combustion unclassified, such as diesel generator etc (DG)

• Flare (FLARE)• Natural gas process incinerators (INCI) • Fugitive (FUG) – area sources• Other UOGs (OUOG), including leak, vent, undefined.

Definition is as following:

Sub-Sector: UOG Unit: % SECTOR AREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5ENG CRAZ 5.7% 16.5% 0.7% 0.0% 0.6% 5.2% 5.1%BOIL CRAZ 0.3% 0.8% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.3%DG CRAZ 47.5% 56.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 6.0% 7.0%FLARE CRAZ 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 31.7% 4.0% 4.7%INCI CRAZ 2.5% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 35.7% 0.1% 0.2%FUG CRAZ 36.5% 25.9% 73.6% 99.5% 0.4% 73.4% 70.0%OUOG CRAZ 7.0% 0.6% 24.8% 0.5% 31.7% 11.1% 12.9%Total CRAZ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

UOG Emissions Breakdown CRAZ in 2008

• the highest NOx emissions are from ‘DG’, mostly are unclassified diesel generators and small combustion sources

• SO2 emissions are dominated by both FLARE and Incinerators (INCI)

• The highest VOC, PM2.5, and NH3 emissions are from ‘FUG’, the fugitive emission sources, including tailings and leaks, etc. Sub-Sector: UOG Unit: ton/yr SECTOR AREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5

ENG CRAZ 1,473 4,540 195 0 255 47 39

BOIL CRAZ 78 209 31 0 3 2 2

DG CRAZ 12,225 15,383 142 0 0 55 55

FLARE CRAZ 99 21 12 0 14,526 36 36

INCI CRAZ 644 53 83 0 16,352 1 1

FUG CRAZ 9,391 7,105 21,983 1,016 183 666 545

OUOG CRAZ 1,813 175 7,421 5 14,518 100 100

Total CRAZ 25,724 27,486 29,866 1,021 45,837 908 778

Transportation Sub-Sectors

• Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV)• Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles (HDGV) • Light Duty Vehicles (LDV)• Off-road Vehicles and Equipment (OFR)• Railways(RAILWAY)• Airport(AIRCRAFT)

Definition is as following:

Sub-Sector: TRANS Unit: % SECTOR CRAZ CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5HDDV CRAZ 0.8% 20.5% 2.1% 3.7% 11.3% 0.3% 1.4%HDGV CRAZ 2.5% 2.7% 2.3% 2.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1%LDV CRAZ 50.1% 15.0% 49.3% 85.5% 4.6% 0.2% 0.6%OFR CRAZ 46.0% 52.8% 44.4% 7.9% 61.4% 99.4% 97.1%RAILWAY CRAZ 0.1% 5.8% 0.4% 0.4% 12.0% 0.1% 0.5%AIRCRAFT CRAZ 0.5% 3.2% 1.5% 0.1% 10.3% 0.0% 0.1%Total CRAZ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Summary of Transportation Sub-sectors

• The highest NOx emissions are from ‘OFR’ at 53%, followed by HDDV at 21%

• SO2 emissions are mainly contributed by OFR (61%); RAILWAY (12%), AIRCRAFT (10%)

• VOCs are contributed by two of the sectors, OFR(44%) and LDV (49%)

• PM2.5 emissions are dominated by OFR (97%)• CO emissions are split by OFR (46%) and LDV

(50%) • LDV contributes 86% of total NH3

Further breakdown Off-road Vehicles and Equipment (OFR) is needed

Off-Road Sub-sectors

• Agriculture Equipment (OFR_AG)• Construction and Mining Equipment (OFR_CM) • Industrial Equipment (OFR_IND)• Lawn and Garden Equipment (OFR_LG)• Recreational Equipment (OFR_REC)• Commercial Equipment (OFR_COM)• Other Off-road (OFR_OTH)

We further define emissions from Off-Road (OFR) sub-sector:

Sub-Sector: OFR Unit: % SECTOR AREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5OFR_AG CRAZ 3.6% 31.0% 10.7% 11.8% 44.0% 0.9% 5.0%OFR_CM CRAZ 10.0% 53.9% 17.4% 80.3% 48.7% 0.8% 4.3%OFR_IND CRAZ 8.9% 9.9% 8.6% 1.3% 4.3% 0.1% 0.3%OFR_LG CRAZ 23.1% 1.0% 12.7% 1.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1%OFR_REC CRAZ 20.6% 0.7% 27.0% 2.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3%OFR_COM CRAZ 32.3% 2.5% 15.8% 2.4% 1.3% 0.0% 0.2%OFR_OTH CRAZ 1.6% 1.0% 7.9% 0.7% 1.3% 98.2% 89.6%Total CRAZ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Summary of Off-Road Sub-sectors

• PM2.5 is mostly from unpaved off-road emissions (90%),

• NOx is mainly emitted by construction and mining equipment OFR_CM (54%) and agriculture equipment OFR_AG (31%);

• VOCs are nearly evenly distributed by most of the sub-sectors.

• SO2 is mainly shared by construction and mining equipment OFR_CM (48%) and agriculture equipment OFR_AG (44%);

NOx Emissions Breakdown by Sectors

68% NOx emissions are from Transportation and 18% from UOG

NOx Emissions by Off-Road Sub-sectors

54% NOx emissions are from Construction and Mining Equipment, and 31% from Agriculture Equipment

From TRANS

Total SO2 Emissions Breakdown by Sectors

77% SO2 emissions are from UOG sector.

VOC Emissions in CRAZ

• Biogenic VOCs are the highest (36%);• UOG (22%), Agriculture (12%), TRANS (13%)

SUMMARY

Within CRAZ boundary:•NOx emissions are mostly contributed by transportation & mobile sector (68%), followed by UOG (18%); the other sectors are combined at 14%•In TRANS sector, Off-road vehicles contribute 53% of NOx emissions, HDV and LDV combined at 36%;•In Off-road NOx emissions, Construction and Mining Equipment contributes 54%;

•In UOG sector, combustion sources dominate NOX emissions, where unclassified diesel engines (DG) at 56%, natural gas engine and turbine at 17%, fugitive at 26%.

SUMMARY (2)

Within CRAZ boundary:•SOx (as of SO2) emissions are mostly contributed by UOG (83%), Cement and Rock 8%.

•In UOG sector, FLARE has SOX emissions at 32%, Incinerators (INCI) has 36%, other UOG emission sources combine at 32%•Biogenic contributes to more than 1/3 of total VOCs

•Constructions and off-road transportation dominate PM2.5 emissions.