comprehension theory

21
Group No# 4 Member’S LIST Group leader: Ariba Tariq 29 Other Members: Zara Gull Khan 15 Faiza Gill 46 Rabia Hanif 48 Momina Fatima 09 Fareeha Mumtaz 11 Tasmia Jamil 35 Kinza Qaisrani 37 Anza Naeem 31

Upload: muhammad-yaqoob

Post on 14-Jul-2015

198 views

Category:

Education


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Group No# 4Member’S LISTGroup leader: Ariba Tariq 29

Other Members: Zara Gull Khan 15

Faiza Gill 46

Rabia Hanif 48

Momina Fatima 09

Fareeha Mumtaz 11

Tasmia Jamil 35

Kinza Qaisrani 37

Anza Naeem 31

THOERY & ITS VIEWS

INTRODUCTIONUnderstanging what other people

say and write is more complicated than it might at first appear.

Comprehending language involves a variety of capacities, skills, processes, knowledge and dispositions that are used to derive meanings from spoken, written and signed languages.

Language comprehension is a comlpex process that occurs easily and effortlessly by humans.

It develops along with the “Brain” and is able to enhance with the use of gestures.

•LANGUAGE AREAS IN BRAIN:

The language parts of the brain named after two 19th

Century Physicians

“PAUL BROCA” & “ CARL WERNICKE”.

Broca`s area is located in the left Frontal lobe and is considered responsible for articulated language(Speech production)

Wernick`s area is located in the left temporal lobe and is considered accountable for comprehension of sounds and words.

Motor cortex

An area that generally controls movements of the muscles (for moving hands, feet, arms, etc.) close to Broca`s area is the part of “ Motor cortex” that conrols the articulatory muscles of face, jaws, tongue and larynx.

Evidence that this area is involved in the physical articulation of speech.

ARCUATE FACICULUSA white matter tract connects

Broca`s area and Wernick`s area through temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, allows for coordinated, comprehensible speech.

APHASIAIt is a kind of language disorder that results from damage to the parts of brain that contain language.

BROCA`S APHASIAThis is caused by damage to Broca`s area.

It results in having hard time forming complete words when they attempt to produce language.

WeRNICK`S APHASIAThis is caused as a result of damage to Wernick`s area.

It is very difficult for the people to understand the speech of others.

Gunning(1996) identifies three main theories: SCHEMA THEORY

MENTAL MODEL THEORY

PROPOSITION THEORY

SCHEMA THEORY“Background knowlege often essential to an

understanding of text.

Our knowledge of the world is said to be stored in the form of schemas”.

Schema theory was first proposed in 1932 by the Camberidge Memory researcher “Sir Frederic Barlette” and has been considerably expanded since.

SchemaIt is a set of interrelated features which we associate with

entity or concept.

For example:

MENTAL MODEL THEORY:Another major theory is Mental Model theory. This Model

can be thought of as a mind movie, created in one`s head based on reading context.

According to Gunning 1996 “Model is construted most often when student is reading fiction. The reader focused on the main character and creates a mental model of circumstances in which the character finds him/her.

The Mental model is reconstructed or updated to reflect the new circumstances as the situation changes, but the items important to the character are kept in the foreground”

PROPOSITION THEORY

This involves the reader construction a main idea or macro structure as they process the text.

These main idea are organized in a hierarchical fashion with the most important things given the highest priority to be memorized( Gunning 1996)

Experimental research has Spawnted a large number of hypothesis about the architecture of sentence comprehension.

Issues like Modularity versus interactive computation of analysis have been theoritical divides in the field.

ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES Modular view:

A modular view of sentence processing assumes that each factor involved in sentence processing is computed in its own module, which has limited means of communication with the other modules.

Example: Syntactic analysis creation takes place without input from syntactic analysis or context. Dependent information, which are processed seperately.

A common asumption of Modular accounts is a feedforward architecture, in which the output of one processing step is passed on to the next step without feedback mechanisms that would allow the output of the first module to be corrected.

INTERACTIVE VIEWInteractive accounts assume that all available information is processed at the same time and can immediately influence the computation of the final analysis.

Modular vs. Interactive View

YOU