Yar Muhammad Asjad RiazBsc(Hons) Allied Health Sciences_MLT-2008-11(KE) V.Lecturer at College Of AHP-Basic Science Block_GCUF

General Introduction to Hematology

STUDY OF BLOOD

Composition of blood. Little bit of functions of blood.  Plasma and its composition.CELLULAR COMPONENTS: RBCs: their structure, function and count.  WBCs: their types, structure, function & count. Platelets: their structure, function and count.

OBJECTIVES: COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

5 LITRE

55% PLASMA 45% CELLULAR COMPONENTS

Blood is slightly denser and approximately 3-4 times more viscous than water, blood consists of cells which are suspended in a liquid. Cellular Components 99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder. Water, of blood has amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gases, and cellular wastes.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

By volume. Plasma is about 92% water, with plasma proteins as the most abundant solutes. The main plasma protein groups are albumin globulin fibrinogen The primary blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

Centrifuged blood:

Plasma 55% Buffy coat

WBCs <1% Erythrocytes Hematocrit 45%.

 

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD Plasma.

90% water 10% solutes

Ions, e.g., Na+, Cl-, Ca++ Nutrients, e.g., simple sugars, amino

acids, lipids Wastes, e.g., urea, ammonia, CO2 Miscellaneous: O2, hormones, vitamins,

plasma proteins.

COMPOSITION OF BLOODPlasma Proteins. Albumin

Helps control osmotic pressure Helps control diffusion of water

Globulin Includes antibodies Transport proteins (lipids, iron, copper, etc.)

Fibrinogen Involved in clotting

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

Serum: Blood plasma from which the protein fibrinogen, which causes clotting of the blood, has been removed.

For all blood chemistry serum of blood is preferred over plasma

WBC, Total.............(4000/μL -11000/μL)RBC, Total......M(4.5 - 6.5)m/μL, F(3.85.8)m/μL.Hemoglobin... M(13.0-18.0)g/dL F(11.6-16.5)g/dLHCT......................... M(40 - 54)% F(38 - 47)%MCV..................... (80 - 90)fLMCH....................... (27 - 32)pgMCHC..................... (33 - 38)g/dLPlatelet Count....................(150,000-400,000)/μL

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

COMPOSITION OF BLOODRed cell indices

MCV MCH MCHC RDW

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD MCV is a measure of the average red

cell volume HCT/RBC Normocytic 75-95 fl Macrocytic >95fl Microcytic <75fl

PERIPHERAL FILM

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD MCH Is the average mass of Hemoglobin

per red blood cell. HB/RBC MCH:27 -31 pg Anemia : low MCH Cannot increase than normal

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD MCHC is a measure of the concentration of

Hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red blood cells.

MCHC:32 to 36 g/dl Decreases in anemia

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD RDW

is an index of the variation in cell volume within the red cell population

RDW = (Standard deviation ÷ mean cell volume) x 100