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RenaissanRenaissanceceWord SplashWord Splash

MedicineMedicine

economieseconomies

MedicineMedicineEconomiesEconomiesTechnologyTechnologyArtArt

ScienceSciencePhilosophyPhilosophyLiteratureLiteratureMusicMusic

Renaissance means Rebirth.

Period of light after 1000 years of darkness.RE-birthRE-discovery of Greek & Latin textsRE-consideration of accepted beliefsRE-direction of energies - away from

strictly religious thought

Period of Rebirth → Renaissance• ~1300: clocks constructed• 1348: Black Death weakens faith in God• 14th C Italian artists begin to paint using

depth perception• 1453: Constantinople falls to Turks; Greek

Christians take their knowledge to Europe.• 1455: Gutenberg prints first book, the Bible• 1492: Europe discovers the Americas• 1517: Martin Luther begins Protestant

Reformation. • 1520: Copernicus discovers that the Earth

rotates around the sun…

MedicineMedicine

Anatomical Anatomical drawing of drawing of dead bodies dead bodies was allowed was allowed again and again and helped helped doctors cure doctors cure people. people.

Da Vinci’s Drawing of a FoetusThis is a drawing of a foetus by Leonardo Da Vinci.

This was drawn after the careful dissection and observation of a women who died while pregnant.

The important thing to note is the stunning accuracy and detail.

•Longitude was Longitude was discovered during the discovered during the Renaissance.Renaissance.

•Longitude was Longitude was discovered during the discovered during the Renaissance.Renaissance. •The The clocclockk became became

highly accurate highly accurate allowing people to allowing people to

navigate correctly on navigate correctly on long ocean voyages.long ocean voyages.

TechnologyTechnology TechnologyTechnology

EconomyEconomy• In 1492 Columbus In 1492 Columbus

sailed the ocean sailed the ocean blue, for Money…blue, for Money…

• Long ocean voyages allowed global Long ocean voyages allowed global exploration to be accurate and exploration to be accurate and spurned economic trade worldwide.spurned economic trade worldwide.

Renaissance Art

Artists experiment with light, depth, shade, color, beauty of form

Goal: to capture the human form

See the Difference?See the Difference?

Michelangelo’s Work

BotticelliFlorentine - depicted natural detail

in “The Birth of Venus”

da Vinci’s Work

DonatelloSculpted first nude since

antiquity

Renaissance: 1498

Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper 1498 - 460 x 880 cm (15 x 29 ft.)

Late Renaissance ArtistsRaphael

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ScienceScienceScience

Nicholas CopernicusNicholas Copernicus1473 - 15431473 - 1543

Developed a Developed a mathematical model mathematical model

for a Heliocentric solar for a Heliocentric solar systemsystem

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei (1564-1642)(1564-1642)Built the first thermometer and

the pendulum clock. Made the first telescopes

First to point a telescope to the sky

1992: The Catholic Church reopened the Galileo Trial and reversed its decision

1632: Publishes “A Dialogue Concerning Two

World Systems” The book ridicules the geocentric position of the Church

1633: Convicted of heresy by the Church and

confined to house arrest for the rest of his life

The The Moon is Moon is BumpyBumpy

Galileo the Galileo the AstronomerAstronomer

Galileo drawings

The Sun Has The Sun Has SpotsSpots

Galileo the Galileo the AstronomerAstronomer

Galileo drawings

“The Sun is not the perfect and

pure sphere expected of the divine heavens”

Saturn has ringsSaturn has ringsGalileo the Galileo the AstronomerAstronomer

Galileo's sketch of 1616 and engraving in The Assayer of

1623.

““……the star of Saturn is not a the star of Saturn is not a single star, but is a single star, but is a

composite of three, which composite of three, which almost touch each other, almost touch each other, never change or move never change or move

relative to each other, and relative to each other, and are arranged in a row, and are arranged in a row, and

they are situated in this they are situated in this form: oOo.form: oOo.””

((letter to Cosimo Medici IIletter to Cosimo Medici II) )

Saturn shape seems to vary with time

PhilosophyPhilosophy

Nicolo Machiavelli““To be feared is To be feared is

better than to be better than to be lovedloved””

Political ends Political ends justify the means - justify the means - justice is secondary justice is secondary to controlto control

Leonardo da VinciMost famous of FlorentinesPainter, mathematician,

inventor, engineer, musicianWorked to show most accurate

representation possibleBelieved in the divinity of natureArt should be inspired by the creator, not

for cash

``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, the fourteenth

through to the sixteenth centuries.

``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, the fourteenth

through to the sixteenth centuries.

One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were:

One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were:

ForeshorteningForeshortening – portraying an object with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective.

ForeshorteningForeshortening – portraying an object with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective.

Foreshortening

Historical Figures & Events

• Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492)• Gutenberg Bible (1454)• Martin Luther (1483-1546)• Henry VIII (1491-1547)• First voyage of Columbus (1492)• Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses (1517)• Church of England separates from Papacy

(1534)• Council of Trent (1545)• William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

The Copernican Revolution1. Copernicus (1473-1543) revived the idea of a Sun-centered

solar system model: However, like Aristarchus, Copernicus’s model was not accurate enough to convince many people.

2. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) made accurate (arcminutes) nake-eye measurement of planet motionTycho believed that planets must circle the Sun, but his failure to detect stellar parallax forced him to put the Earth at the center of the system, with the Sun orbiting the Earth, and the planets orbit the Sun.

3. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) were able to make accurate prediction with his heliocentric model of planetary orbits, agreeing with Tyco’s observationKepler’s initial failure (using prefect circular orbits) to match Tyco’s observation led him to adopt a model with elliptical planetary orbit.

• Galileo Galilei’s (1564-1642) telescopic observations helped solidify the heliocentric view of the solar system.

Symmetry – correct

proportion of body parts, grouping of

figures so that they are the

same on both sides.

Symmetry – correct

proportion of body parts, grouping of

figures so that they are the

same on both sides.

VENUS

Another Botticelli art work

``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, the fourteenth

through to the sixteenth centuries.

``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, the fourteenth

through to the sixteenth centuries.

One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were:

One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were:

Humanism - A person who studied the classics was called a humanist. Humanists recreated classical styles in art, literature,

and architecture.

Humanism - A person who studied the classics was called a humanist. Humanists recreated classical styles in art, literature,

and architecture.