composites - composite manufacturing methods

8/14/2019 Composites - Composite Manufacturing Methods

1/19

Jnkqnzote Kmtepomcz Mzzoibkebt :Jnkqnzote Kmbulmjtupobi Ketfndz

]= +Dezjpoè mbd occuztpmte tyqojmc kmbulmjtupobi ketfndz lnp7+m/ Qncykep Kmtpov Jnkqnzotez`/ Ketmc Kmtpov Jnkqnzotez

Jcnzed kncd lm`pojmtonb nl Qncykep Kmtpov Jnkqnzotez

Jcnzed Kncd ketfndz mpe uzed feb kmzz qpndujtonb nl odebtojmc qmptz otf `ntf zknntfzuplmjez oz pe}uoped"

Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi

Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi Oz m Jcnzed Kncd qpnjezz ob fojf m kncdobi jfmpie oz z}ueewed obtn mqpefemted kncd tmhobi m zfmqe nl tfe kncd jm|oty mbd qeplnpkobi jupobi &jpnzz+cobhobi/ due tn

femt mbd qpezzupe mqqcoed tn tfe kmtepomc"

Tfe ketfnd uzez m zqcot kncd knubted ob m fydpmucoj qpezz" Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi qpnjezzob|nc|ez tfe lnccnobi zteqz7

M qpe+eoifed mknubt nl m qncykep &jnkknbcy tfepknzettobi pezob/ koved otfjfnqqed peoblnpjobi loèpz# fmpdebobi miebt# mbto+mdfezo|e miebt mbd qoikebt &jfmpie/oz qcmjed obtn tfe cnep fmcl nl tfe kncd"

Tfe jfmpie kmy è ob lnpk nl qndepz# qeccetz# qutty+cohe kmzzez np qpe+lnpked zfeetz"

Tfe jfmpie oz uzumccy qpefemted qponp tn qcmjekebt obtn tfe kncd" Qpefemted qncykep èjnkezznltep pezuctobi ob zfnptebobi tfe kncdobi jyjce toke"

Tfe uqqep fmcl nl tfe kncd kn|ez dnbmpdz# qpezzobi nb tfe jfmpie mbd lnpjobi ot tnlocc tfe kncd jm|oty"

Tfe kncd# e}uoqqed otf m femtobi zyztek# qpn|odez jupobi &jpnzz+cobhobi/ nl tfe qncykep kmtpov&ol tfepknzettobi pezob oz qpnjezzed/"

Tfe kncd oz nqebed mbd tfe qmpt oz pekn|ed lpnk ot `y kembz nl tfe egejtnp qob"

Loiupe = Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi

Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi jyjce toke oz m`nut =+< kob# fojf oz cnbiep tfmb mb Obgejtonb Kncdobijyjce fojf O occ kebtonb Ob m knkebt"Tfe ketfnd oz zuotm`ce lnp kmzz qpndujtonb nl lcmt np kndepmtecy jup|ed qmptz"


2/19

Obgejtonb Kncdobi

Obgejtonb Kncdobi oz m Jcnzed Kncd qpnjezz ob fojf kncteb qncykep &jnkknbcy tfepknqcmztoj/koved otf |epy zfnpt peoblnpjobi loèpz &=1+41%/ oz lnpjed ubdep foif qpezzupe obtn m kncdjm|oty tfpnuif mb nqebobi &zqpue/"

Qncykep+loèp kovtupe ob lnpk nl qeccetz oz led obtn mb Obgejtonb Kncdobi kmjfobe tfpnuif mfnqqep" Tfe kmtepomc oz tfeb jnb|eyed lnpmpd `y m leedobi zjpe mbd lnpjed obtn m zqcot kncd#loccobi otz jm|oty tfpnuif m leedobi zyztek otf zqpue imte mbd pubbepz"

Zjpe nl obgejtonb kncdobi kmjfobe oz jmcced pejoqpnjmtobi zjpe zobje ot bnt nbcy pntmtez ùtmczn kn|ez lnpmpd mbd `mjhmpd mjjnpdobi tn tfe zteqz nl tfe kncdobi jyjce" Ot mjtz mz m pmkob tfe loccobi zteq feb tfe kncteb qncykep+loèpz kovtupe oz obgejted obtn tfe kncd mbd tfeb otpetpmjtz `mjhmpd ob tfe kncdobi zteq"Femtobi ecekebtz# qcmjed n|ep tfe `mppec# znlteb mbd kect tfe qncykep"

Tfe kncd oz e}uoqqed otf m jnncobi zyztek qpn|odobi jnbtpncced jnncobi mbd zncodolojmtonb nl tfekmtepomc"

Tfe qncykep oz fecd ob tfe kncd ubtoc zncodolojmtonb mbd tfeb tfe kncd nqebz mbd tfe qmpt ozpekn|ed lpnk tfe kncd `y egejtnp qobz"

Obgejtonb Kncdobi oz uzed kmobcy lnp tfepknqcmztoj kmtpojez# ùt tfepknzettobi kmtpojez mpe mcznkmy è evtpuded" Ob tfoz jmze jupobi njjupz dupobi femtobi mbd kectobi nl tfe kmtepomc ob tfefemted mppec"M zjfeke nl mb Obgejtonb Kncdobi Kmjfobe oz zfnb ob tfe qojtupe ècn"

Loiupe 0 Obgejtonb Kncdobi

Obgejtonb Kncdobi oz foifcy qpndujto|e ketfnd qpn|odobi foif mjjupmjy mbd jnbtpnc nl zfmqe nltfe kmbulmjtuped qmptz" Tfe ketfnd oz qpnlotm`ce ob kmzz qpndujtonb nl cmpie bukèp nlodebtojmc qmptz"

Nbe nl tfe dozmd|mbtmiez nl tfe ketfnd oz cokoted cebitf nl loèpz dejpemzobi tfeop peoblnpjobiellejt"


3/19

Tpmbzlep Kncdobi

Tpmbzlep Kncdobi &Pezob Tpmbzlep Kncdobi/ oz m Jcnzed Kncd qpnjezz ob fojf m qpe+eoifedmknubt nl m qncykep oz qpefemted ob m zeqmpmte jfmkèp &tpmbzlep qnt/ mbd tfeb lnpjed obtn mqpefemted kncd locced otf m peoblnpjobi loèpz# tmhobi m zfmqe nl tfe kncd jm|oty# okqpeibmtobitfe loèpz mbd qeplnpkobi jupobi due tn femt mbd qpezzupe mqqcoed tn tfe kmtepomc"

Tfe ketfnd oz uzed qpokmpocy lnp kncdobi Qncykep Jnkqnzotez otf tfepknzettobi pezobkmtpojez# ùt znke tfepknqcmztoj qmptz kmy mczn è qpndujed `y Tpmbzlep Kncdobi"Tfe qojtupe ècn occuztpmtez tfe Tpmbzlep Kncdobi Qpnjezz7

Loiupe : Tpmbzlep Kncdobi

Tfe ketfnd uzez m zqcot kncd mbd m tfopd qcmte e}uoqqed otf m qcubiep knubted ob m fydpmucojqpezz"Tfe ketfnd jnkòbez lemtupez nl `ntf Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi + fydpmucoj qpezzobi# tfe zmkekncdobi kmtepomcz &tfepknzetz/ mbd Obgejtonb Kncdobi pmk &qcubiep/# loccobi tfe kncd tfpnuif mzqpue"

Tpmbzlep Kncdobi qpnjezz ob|nc|ez tfe lnccnyobi zteqz7

Tfe kncd jm|oty oz locced otf qpelnpked peoblnpjobi loèpz" M qpe+eoifed mknubt nl m qncykep koved otf mddoto|ez mbd loccepz &jfmpie/ oz qcmjed

obtn tfe tpmbzlep qnt"

Tfe jfmpie kmy è ob lnpk nl qndepz# qeccetz# qutty+cohe kmzzez np qpe+lnpked `cmbhz"Tfe jfmpie oz femted ob tfe qnt fepe tfe qncykep znltebz"

Tfe qcubiep# knubted nb tfe tnq qcmte# kn|ez dnbmpdz# qpezzobi nb tfe qncykepjfmpie mbd lnpjobi ot tn locc tfe kncd jm|oty tfpnuif tfe zqpue mbd okqpeibmte tfe loèpz"

Tfe kncd# e}uoqqed otf m femtobi zyztek# qpn|odez jupobi &jpnzz+cobhobi/ nl tfe qncykep &oltfepknzet oz qpnjezzed/"

Tfe kncd oz nqebed mbd tfe qmpt oz pekn|ed lpnk ot `y kembz nl tfe egejtnp qob"

Ol tfepknzettobi pezob oz kncded# tfe kncd kmy è nqeb ob fnt ztmte juped tfepknzetzkmobtmob tfeop zfmqe mbd dokebzonbz e|eb ob fnt ztmte"


4/19

Ol tfepknqcmztoj oz kncded# tfe kncd mbd tfe kncded qmpt mpe jnnced dnb èlnpe nqebobi"

Tfe zjpmq celt nb tfe qnt `nttnk &jucc/# ob tfe zqpue mbd ob tfe jfmbbecz oz pekn|ed"Zjpmq nl tfepknzettobi qncykepz oz bnt pejyjcm`ce"

Tpmbzlep Kncdobi jyjce toke oz zfnptep tfmb Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi jyjce ùt cnbiep tfmb Obgejtonb

Kncdobi jyjce"Tfe ketfnd oz jmqm`ce tn qpnduje |epy cmpie qmptz &jmp `ndy zfecc/# knpe jnkqcojmted tfmbJnkqpezzonb Kncdobi# ùt bnt mz jnkqcojmted mz Obgejtonb Kncdobi"

Fmbd Cmy Uq

Loiupe 4 Fmbd Cm Uq Ketfnd

Pezobz mpe okqpeibmted `y fmbd obtn lo`pez fojf mpe ob tfe lnpk nl n|eb# hbotted# ztotjfed np`nbded lm`pojz" Tfoz oz uzumccy mjjnkqcozfed `y pnccepz np `puzfez# otf mb objpemzobi uze nlboq+pnccep tyqe okqpeibmtnpz lnp lnpjobi pezob obtn tfe lm`pojz `y kembz nl pntmtobi pnccepz mbd m`mtf nl pezob" Cmkobmtez mpe celt tn jupe ubdep ztmbdmpd mtknzqfepoj jnbdotonbz"

Tfoz oz bnpkmccy uzed lnp qpndujtz zujf mz Ztmbdmpd obd+tupòbe `cmdez# qpndujtonb `nmtz# mbdmpjfotejtupmc kncdobiz"

Zqpmy Cmy Uq

Loiupe 5 Zqpm Cm Uq Ketfnd

Lo`pe oz jfnqqed ob m fmbd+fecd iub mbd led obtn m zqpmy nl jmtmcywed pezob dopejted mt tfeknucd" Tfe deqnzoted kmtepomcz mpe celt tn jupe ubdep ztmbdmpd mtknzqfepoj jnbdotonbz"Tfoz ketfnd oz bnpkmccy uzed lnp qpndujtz zujf mz Zokqce ebjcnzupez# coiftcy cnmded ztpujtupmcqmbec# e"i" jmpm|mb `ndoez# tpujh lmopobiz# `mtftu`z8 zfnep tpmyz# znke zkmcc dobifoez"

\mjuuk @miiobi


5/19

Loiupe < \mjuuk @miiobi

Tfoz oz `mzojmccy mb evtebzonb nl tfe et cmy+uq qpnjezz dezjpoèd m`n|e fepe qpezzupe ozmqqcoed tn tfe cmkobmte nbje cmod+uq ob npdep tn okqpn|e otz jnbzncodmtonb" Tfoz oz mjfoe|ed `yzemcobi m qcmztoj lock n|ep tfe et cmod+uq cmkobmte mbd nbtn tfe tnnc" Tfe mop ubdep tfe `mi ozevtpmjted `y m |mjuuk qukq mbd tfuz uq tn nbe mtknzqfepe nl qpezzupe jmb è mqqcoed tn tfecmkobmte tn jnbzncodmte ot"Tfoz qpnjezz oz uzed lnp Cmpie# nbe+nll jpuozobi `nmtz# pmjejmp jnkqnbebtz# jnpe+`nbdobi obqpndujtonb `nmtz"

Locmkebt Yobdobi

Loiupe 9 Locmkebt Yobdobi

Tfoz qpnjezz oz qpokmpocy uzed lnp fnccn# iebepmccy jopjucmp np n|mc zejtonbed jnkqnbebtz# zujfmz qoqez mbd tmbhz" Lo`pe tnz mpe qmzzed tfpnuif m pezob `mtf èlnpe èobi nubd nbtn mkmbdpec ob m |mpoety nl npoebtmtonbz# jnbtpncced `y tfe loèp leedobi kejfmbozk# mbd pmte nlpntmtonb nl tfe kmbdpec"Tyqojmc mqqcojmtonbz nucd è Jfekojmc ztnpmie tmbhz mbd qoqecobez# imz jycobdepz# lope+loiftepz`pemtfobi tmbhz"

Quctpuzonb


6/19

Loiupe 6 Quctpuzonb

Lo`pez mpe qucced lpnk m jpeec tfpnuif m pezob `mtf mbd tfeb nb tfpnuif m femted doe" Tfe doejnkqcetez tfe okqpeibmtonb nl tfe lo`pe# jnbtpncz tfe pezob jnbtebt mbd jupez tfe kmtepomc obtn otzlobmc zfmqe mz ot qmzzez tfpnuif tfe doe" Tfoz juped qpnloce oz tfeb mutnkmtojmccy jut tn cebitf"Lm`pojz kmy mczn è obtpndujed obtn tfe doe tn qpn|ode lo`pe dopejtonb ntfep tfmb mt 1" Mctfnuifquctpuzonb oz m jnbtobunuz qpnjezz# qpndujobi m qpnloce nl jnbztmbt jpnzz+zejtonb# m |mpombthbnb mz )quclnpkobi) mccnz lnp znke |mpomtonb tn è obtpndujed obtn tfe jpnzz+zejtonb" Tfeqpnjezz quccz tfe kmtepomcz tfpnuif tfe doe lnp okqpeibmtonb# mbd tfeb jcmkqz tfek ob m knucdlnp jupobi" Tfoz kmhez tfe qpnjezz bnb+jnbtobunuz# ùt mjjnkkndmtobi nl zkmcc jfmbiez objpnzz+zejtonb"Tyqojmccy uzed ob @emkz mbd iopdepz uzed ob pnnl ztpujtupez# `podiez# cmddepz# lpmkenphz"


7/19

Md|mbtmiez Dozmd|mbtmiez

Jnkqpezzonb Kncdobi Cnezt jnzt kncdz Cottce tfpn mmy kmtepomc qpn|odez md|mbtmie nb

evqebzo|e jnkqnubdz

Nlteb èttep lnp cmpie qmptz

Nllepz cemzt qpndujt jnbzoztebjy Dollojuct tn jnbtpnc lcmzf

Bnt zuoted lnp znke tyqez nl qmptz

Obgejtonb Kncdobi Qpn|odez tfe kmvokuk qpndujt jnbzoztebjy Mccnz tfe knzt jnbtpnc nl lcmzf

@ejmuze tfe pu`èp oz mpked èlnpe inobi obtntfe kncd# lmztezt jyjce tokez

Bnt zuoted lnp mcc jnkqnubdz Knzt evqebzo|e kncdz

Tyqojmccy fmz znke pubbepz np ntfep tfpn mmy qnptonbob emjf zfnt

Tpmbzlep Kncdobi Qpn|odez knpe qpndujt jnbzoztebjy tfmbjnkqpezzonb kncdobi

Jyjce tokez mpe zfnptep tfmb jnkqpezzonb kncdobi

@ettep tfmb jnkqpezzonb kncdobi lnp pu`èp+tn+ketmc `nbdobi

Tfe tpmbzlep qmd oz zjpmq Jyjce toke oz cnbiep tfmb obgejtonb kncdobi

Qpndujt jnbzoztebjy oz qnnpep tfmb obgejtonb kncdobi

Fmbd Cmy Uq Yodecy uzed lnp kmby yempz" Zokqce qpobjoqcez tn temjf" Cn jnzt tnncobi# ol pnnk+tekqepmtupe jupe pezobz

mpe uzed" Yode jfnoje nl zuqqcoepz mbd kmtepomc tyqez" Foifep lo`pe jnbtebtz# mbd cnbiep lo`pez tfmb otf

zqpmy cmy+uq"

Pezob kovobi# cmkobmte pezob jnbtebtz# mbd cmkobmte}umcoty mpe |epy deqebdebt nb tfe zhoccz nl cmkobmtnpz" Cnpezob jnbtebt cmkobmtez jmbbnt uzumccy è mjfoe|edotfnut tfe objnpqnpmtonb nl evjezzo|e }umbtotoez nl |nodz"

Femctf mbd zmlety jnbzodepmtonbz nl pezobz" Tfe cnepkncejucmp eoiftz nl fmbd cmy+uq pezobz iebepmccy kembztfmt tfey fm|e tfe qntebtomc tn è knpe fmpkluc tfmbfoifep kncejucmp eoift qpndujtz" Tfe cnep |ozjnzoty nl

tfe pezobz mczn kembz tfmt tfey fm|e mb objpemzedtebdebjy tn qebetpmte jcntfobi" Cokotobi mop`npbe ztypebe jnbjebtpmtonbz tn ceiozcmted

ce|ecz lpnk qncyeztepz mbd |obyceztepz oz èjnkobiobjpemzobicy fmpd otfnut evqebzo|e evtpmjtonb zyztekz"


8/19

Zqpmy Cmy Uq Yodecy uzed lnp kmby yempz" Cn jnzt my nl }uojhcy deqnzotobi lo`pe mbd pezob" Cn jnzt tnncobi"

Cmkobmtez tebd tn è |epy pezob+pojf mbd tfepelnpeevjezzo|ecy fem|y"

Nbcy zfnpt lo`pez mpe objnpqnpmted fojf ze|epecy cokotztfe kejfmbojmc qpnqeptoez nl tfe cmkobmte"

Pezobz beed tn è cn ob |ozjnzoty tn è zqpmym`ce" Tfoziebepmccy jnkqpnkozez tfeop kejfmbojmc.tfepkmcqpnqeptoez"

\mjuuk @miiobi Foifep lo`pe jnbtebt cmkobmtez jmb uzumccy èmjfoe|ed tfmb otf ztmbdmpd et cmy+uq tejfbo}uez"

Cnep |nod jnbtebtz mpe mjfoe|ed tfmb otf etcmy+uq" @ettep lo`pe et+nut due tn qpezzupe mbd pezob lcn

tfpnuifnut ztpujtupmc lo`pez# otf evjezz obtn`miiobi kmtepomcz"

Tfe evtpm qpnjezz mddz jnzt `ntf ob cm`nup mbd obdozqnzm`ce `miiobi kmtepomcz"

M foifep ce|ec nl zhocc oz pe}uoped `y tfe nqepmtnpz" Kovobi mbd jnbtpnc nl pezob jnbtebt ztocc cmpiecy detepkobed`y nqepmtnp zhocc"

Locmkebt Yobdobi Tfoz jmb è m |epy lmzt mbd tfepelnpe ejnbnkojketfnd nl cmyobi kmtepomc dnb"

Pezob jnbtebt jmb è jnbtpncced `y ketepobi tfepezob nbtn emjf lo`pe tn tfpnuif boqz np doez"

Lo`pe jnzt oz kobokowed zobje tfepe oz bn zejnbdmpyqpnjezz tn jnb|ept lo`pe obtn lm`poj qponp tn uze"

Ztpujtupmc qpnqeptoez nl cmkobmtez jmb è |epy inndzobje ztpmoift lo`pez jmb è cmod ob m jnkqcevqmttepb tn kmtjf tfe mqqcoed cnmdz"

Tfe qpnjezz oz cokoted tn jnb|ev zfmqed jnkqnbebtz" Lo`pe jmbbnt emzocy è cmod evmjtcy mcnbi tfe cebitf nl m

jnkqnbebt" Kmbdpec jnztz lnp cmpie jnkqnbebtz jmb è foif" Tfe evtepbmc zuplmje nl tfe jnkqnbebt oz ubkncded# mbd

tfepelnpe jnzketojmccy ubmttpmjto|e" Cn |ozjnzoty pezobz uzumccy beed tn è uzed otf tfeop

mttebdmbt cnep kejfmbojmc mbd femctf mbd zmletyqpnqeptoez"

Quctpuzonb Tfoz jmb è m |epy lmzt# mbd tfepelnpe ejnbnkoj#my nl okqpeibmtobi mbd jupobi kmtepomcz"

Pezob jnbtebt jmb è mjjupmtecy jnbtpncced" Lo`pe jnzt oz kobokozed zobje tfe kmgnpoty oz tmheb

lpnk m jpeec"

Ztpujtupmc qpnqeptoez nl cmkobmtez jmb è |epy inndzobje tfe qpnlocez fm|e |epy ztpmoift lo`pez mbd foiflo`pe |ncuke lpmjtonbz jmb è n`tmobed"

Cokoted tn jnbztmbt np bemp jnbztmbt jpnzz+zejtonbjnkqnbebtz

Femted doe jnztz jmb è foif"


9/19

]0 Evqcmob tfe kmob tejfbojmc lemtupez tfmt kuzt è jnbzodeped obodebtolyobi zuotm`ce kmjfobobi ketfndz lnp Jnkqnzote Kmtepomcz"Occuztpmte ynup mbzep `y objcudobi zuotm`ce evmkqcez nl tfe uze nlmqqpnqpomte kmjfobobi ketfndz

Jnkqnzotez qpn|ode md|mbtmiez tn jnkqnbebtz due tn lemtupez mbd qpnqeptoez zujf mz#ztpebitf mbd eoift" Tfey mpe emzocy dmkmied ubcezz kmjfobobi oz qeplnpked qpnqepcy" Mtyqojmc dmkmie oz decmkobmtobi dupobi dpoccobi" Ye mpe jnbjepbed otf tfe kmjfobobi qpnjezzeznl jnkqnzote kmtepomcz" Tfe nqepmto|e kuzt kobokowe decmkobmtobi foce kobokowobi tfe tokepe}uoped jnkqcetobi tfe nqepmtonb"

Ymtep Get Juttobi

Loiupe ? Ymtep Get Juttobi

Tfe juttep oz jnkknbcy jnbbejted tn m foif+qpezzupe mtep qukq fepe tfe mtep oz tfebegejted lpnk tfe bnwwce# juttobi tfpnuif tfe kmtepomc `y zqpmyobi ot otf tfe get nl foif+zqeedmtep" Mddoto|ez ob tfe lnpk nl zuzqebded ipot np ntfep m`pmzo|ez# zujf mz impbet mbd mcukobuknvode# jmb mzzozt ob tfoz qpnjezz" @ejmuze tfe bmtupe nl tfe juttobi ztpemk jmb è emzocykndoloed# mtep getz jmb è uzed tn jut do|epze kmtepomcz# lpnk qpeqmped lnndz tn ketmcz" Tfepempe le kmtepomcz tfmt jmbbnt è ellejto|ecy jut otf m mtep get juttep8 nbe nl tfeze oz tekqepedicmzz# fojf zfmttepz feb jut# peimpdcezz nl tfe juttobi tejfbncniy uzed" Jeptmob jepmkojz mpemczn pezoztmbt tn mtep get juttobi" Ymtep get jutz mpe bnt tyqojmccy cokoted `y tfe tfojhbezz nl tfekmtepomc# mbd mpe jmqm`ce nl juttobi kmtepomcz n|ep eoifteeb objfez &45 jk/ tfojh" Tfeqebetpmtobi qnep nl tfeze tnncz fmz ced tn tfe evqcnpmtonb nl tfeop uze mz mbto+tmbh emqnbz

ùt# due tn tfeop zfnpt pmbie mbd tfe md|ebt nl jnkqnzote mpknup# pezempjf mz dozjnbtobued"Cmzep Juttobi


10/19

Iebepmtonb nl tfe cmzep èmk ob|nc|ez ztokucmtobi m cmzobi kmtepomc `yecejtpojmc dozjfmpiez np cmkqz otfob m jcnzed jnbtmobep" Mz tfe cmzobikmtepomc oz ztokucmted# tfe èmk oz pelcejted obtepbmccy `y kembz nl mqmptomc koppnp# ubtoc ot mjfoe|ez zullojoebt ebepiy tn ezjmqe mz m ztpemk nlknbnjfpnkmtoj jnfepebt coift" Tfe jnfepebt coift tfeb qmzzez tfpnuif m

cebz tfmt lnjuzez tfe coift obtn m foifcy obtebzoloed èmk iebepmccy cezztfmb 1"1=05 ob &1":=95 kk/" ob domketep" Deqebdobi uqnb kmtepomctfojhbezz# hepl odtfz mz zkmcc mz 1"114 ob &1"=1=< kk/" mpe qnzzo`ce" Obnpdep tn è m`ce tn ztmpt juttobi lpnk znkefepe ecze tfmb tfe edie# mqoepje oz dnbe èlnpe e|epy jut" Qoepjobi uzumccy ob|nc|ez m foif qnepquczed cmzep èmk fojf zcncy &tmhobi mpnubd 5+=5 zejnbdz lnp fmcl+objf tfojh ztmobcezz zteec# lnp evmkqce/ kmhez m fnce ob tfe kmtepomc"Tfepe mpe kmby dollepebt ketfndz ob juttobi uzobi cmzepz# otf dollepebttyqez uzed tn jut dollepebt kmtepomc" Znke nl tfe ketfndz mpe|mqnpowmtonb# kect mbd `cn# kect `cn mbd ùpb# tfepkmc ztpezz jpmjhobi# zjpoòbi# jncd juttobimbd ùpbobi ztmòcowed cmzep juttobi"

]: Jnkqmpe mbd jnbtpmzt tfe zuotmòcoty mbd mqqcojmòcoty nl tfe kmobgnobobi ketfndz tfmt mpe uzed otf QKJz"

@ozjuot Gnobtz

@ozjuotz mpe zkmcc n|mc zfmqqed dozhz kmde lpnk jnkqnzote kmtepomc tfmt evqmbdz febknoztebed otf icue" Tfey mpe nlteb uzed tn tn heeq `nmpdz mcoibed feb icuobi uq lnp qmbecz"

Dn|etmoc

@cobd dn|etmocz mpe nlteb uzed ob dpmep jnbztpujtonb èjmuze nltfe ztpebitf tfe cnjhobi dezoib qpn|odez" Tfey jmb è jut `yfmbd np otf m pnutep mbd m zqejomc goi"

@nv Gnobtz

@nv gnobtz mpe z}umpe obtepcnjhobi lobiepz tn gnob tn qoejez mt mpoift mbice# tfey mpe jut nb m tm`ce zm otf m dmdn `cmde np otf mpnutep mbd m ztpmoift òt" Eotfep ketfnd pe}uopez m goi tn zqmje tfelobiepz e|ebcy" Ol m pnutep oz uzed ot oz knubted ubdep m tm`ce"

Dnkobn Gnobtz

Loiupe =1 Cmzep Juttobi


11/19

Zokocmp tn òzjuot gnobepy ob tfmt m qcubie tnnc oz uzed tn jut m zcnt lnp mb obzept# tfe obzeptz uzedmpe pejtmbiucmp zfmqed cohe tfe tocez ob m zet nl dnkobnz

Dnec @utt Gnobt

Kmhobi m dnec ùtt gnobt pe}uopez bntfobi knpe tfmbm dpocc mbd m dpocc òt ol tfe qnzotonbz mpe jmpeluccykemzuped# fne|ep tfepe mpe tnncz mbd goiz fojfkmhe tfe gn` m cnt emzoep" M goi jmb è qupjfmzed npkmde tn mcoib tfe fncez# uzobi m dpocc qpezz occ kmheztpmoift fncez mbd ot fmz m deqtf imuie

Lobiep Gnobtz

Lobiep gnobtz mpe cnbi tmqeped lobiepz tfmt obtepcnjh tngnob tn qoejez cebitfoze mz ob jnkkepjomc knucdobinp zode `y zode ob qmbecz" Tfey mpe jut otf foifqneped pnutepz np zfmqepz"

Cmq Gnobt

Cmq gnobtz mpe kmde `y cmyobi nbe qoeje nb tnq nl mbntfep8 tfey jmb è uzed ob mbice npcebitfoze gnobtz" Fmcl cmq gnobtz mpe feb fmcl nl tfe tfojhbezz lpnk emjf qoeje oz pekn|ed#tfey jmb è kmde `y fmbd otf m zm mbd jfozec# nb m tm`ce zm np pmdomc mpk zm otf m dmdn

`cmde# np otf m pnutep mbd m ztpmoift òt"

Cmq Gnobt Fmcl Cmq Gnobt

Kotep Gnobt

Kotep gnobtz mpe kmde `y juttobi tfe ebdz nl tfe qoejez nb mbmbice eiumc tn nbe fmcl nl tfe mbice nl tfe lobozfed qpndujt# mz}umpe ?1 jnpbep oz kmde `y juttobi emjf qoeje mt m 45 mbice"

@nbdobi

Kejfmbojmc lmztebepz# mdfezo|ez# np `ntf mpe uzed tn gnob jnkqnzotez" Tfe gnobobi tejfbo}ueuzed nb m qmptojucmp jnkqnzote deqebdz nb tfe mqqcojmtonb mbd tfe kmtepomc jnkqnzotonb" Lnp


12/19

obztmbje# jnkqnzotez uzed ob mopjpmlt mpe uzumccy gnobed `y m jnkòbmtonb nl kejfmbojmclmztebepz mbd mdfezo|ez# fepemz tfnze uzed ob mutnknòcez mpe nlteb gnobed nbcy otfmdfezo|ez"

Kejfmbojmc lmztebepz7 Po|etz# qobz# tn+qoeje `nctz# mbd `cobd lmztebepz kmde nl totmbouk#ztmobcezz zteec# mbd mcukobouk mpe mcc uzed lnp jnkqnzotez" Ze|epmc lmjtnpz zfnucd è

jnbzodeped feb zqejolyobi lmztebepz lnp jnkqnzote kmtepomcz7

Dollepebtomc evqmbzonb nl tfe lmztebep ob tfe jnkqnzote" Tfe ellejt nl dpoccobi nb tfe ztpujtupmc obteipoty nl tfe kmtepomc# mz ecc mz decmkobmtobi

jmuzed `y lmztebepz ubdep cnmd" Ymtep obtpuzonb èteeb tfe lmztebep mbd jnkqnzote" Ecejtpojmc jnbtobuoty nl tfe jnkqnzote mbd mpjobi èteeb lmztebepz" Qnzzo`ce imc|mboj jnppnzonb mt tfe jnkqnzote gnobt" Yeoift nl tfe lmztebobi zyztek" Luec toiftbezz nl tfe lmztebobi zyztek# fepe mqqcojm`ce"

Mcukobuk mbd ztmobcezz+zteec lmztebepz evqmbd mbd jnbtpmjt feb evqnzed tn tekqepmtupe

evtpekez# mz ob mopjpmlt mqqcojmtonbz" Ob jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzotez# jnbtpmjtonb mbd evqmbzonb nlzujf lmztebepz jmb jmuze jfmbiez ob jcmkqobi cnmd" Qntebtomc jcmkqobi jfmbiez zfnucd èdetepkobed èlnpe tfe lmztebobi zyztek oz jfnzeb zn gnobt dezoib jmb è kndoloed mjjnpdobicy"

Dpoccobi mbd kmjfobobi jmb dmkmie jnkqnzotez" Tfe bukèp nl delejtz# zujf mz decmkobmtobi#pezob epnzonb# mbd loèp `pemhnut mccned ob mby ztpujtupe deqebdz nb tfe mqqcojmtonb" Lnpobztmbje# èjmuze gnobt lmocupe ob jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzotez oz jmuzed qpokmpocy `y cnjmcowedèmpobi ztpezz pmtfep tfmb n|epmcc ztpezz# decmkobmtobi oz m kujf knpe zeponuz delejt tfmb loèp`pemhnut ob m jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzote mqqcojmtonb"

Dpoccobi tejfbo}uez mbd tfe tnncz zecejted mpe detepkobed `y tfe pezob# tfe loèp np loèpjnkòbmtonbz ob tfe pezob# tfe my tfe loèpz mpe jnbloiuped# mbd tfe jnkqnzote.ketmc

jnkqnzotonb nl tfe ztpujtupe"

Lmztebepz lnp jnkqnzotez zfnucd fm|e cmpie femdz tn doztpoùte cnmdz n|ep m cmpiep zuplmjempem" Ob tfoz my# jpuzfobi nl tfe jnkqnzote oz pedujed" Lmztebepz zfnucd mczn lot jcnzecy tnpeduje tfe jfmbjez nl lpettobi ob tfe jcempmbje fnce" Obteplepebje lotz kmy jmuze decmkobmtobi nltfe jnkqnzote" Zqejomc zcee|ed lmztebepz jmb cokot tfe jfmbjez nl dmkmie ob tfe jcempmbje fncembd ztocc qpn|ode mb obteplepebje lot" Lmztebepz jmb mczn è `nbded ob qcmje otf mdfezo|ez tnpeduje lpettobi"

Yfeb jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzotez mpe jut# loèpz mpe evqnzed" Tfeze loèpz jmb m`znp` mtep#fojf `ntf emhebz tfe kmtepomc mbd mddz eoift tn tfe ztpujtupe" Zemcmbtz jmb qpe|ebtknoztupe m`znpqtonb# ùt tfoz `ntf jnkqcojmtez tfe qpnjezz mbd mddz jnzt" Ot mczn delemtz mbyellnpt kmde tn kmobtmob ecejtpojmc jnbtobuoty èteeb tfe jnkqnzote loèpz mbd tfe lmztebepz"

Zcee|ed lmztebepz jmb qpn|ode lotz tfmt peduje mtep m`znpqtonb# mz ecc mz qpn|ode luectoiftbezz"

Mddotonbmccy# jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzotez kmy jnppnde imc|mbojmccy ol mcukobuk lmztebepz mpe uzed#due tn tfe jfekojmc pemjtonb nl tfe mcukobuk otf tfe jmp`nb loèpz" Jnmtobi tfe lmztebepziumpdz mimobzt jnppnzonb ùt mddz jnzt mbd toke tn mzzek`cy" Mcukobuk lmztebepz mpe nltebpeqcmjed `y knpe evqebzo|e totmbouk mbd ztmobcezz zteec feb jmp`nb+loèp jnkqnzotez mpeuzed"

Mdfezo|ez


13/19

Jnkqnzote `nbdz otf mdfezo|ez iebepmccy mpe bnt emhebed `y dpoccobi np ntfep kmjfobobi"Mdfezo|ez fm|e èeb uzed tn mzzek`ce jnkqnzote jnkqnbebtz# zujf mz pntnp `cmdez mbdmopqcmbe obiz# mbd mpe znketokez uzed tn gnob ztpujtupmc jnkqnbebtz" @nbd pecomòcoty nlmdfezo|e gnobtz oz znketokez }ueztonbed# fne|ep# mbd lmztebepz kmy è zqejoloed mzpeoblnpjekebtz lnp kmby jnkqnzote mqqcojmtonbz"

Tfpee mdfezo|ez mpe nlteb uzed tn `nbd jnkqnzotez7 eqnvoez# mjpycojz# mbd upetfmbez" Eqnvoezmpe ezqejomccy pecom`ce feb uzed otf eqnvy+`mzed jnkqnzotez èjmuze tfey fm|e zokocmp lcnjfmpmjtepoztojz"

Jmpeluc qpeqmpmtonb nl mdfeped zuplmjez oz ezzebtomc tn kmhobi m }umcoty mdfezo|e `nbd# ùt ot|mpoez deqebdobi nb tfe mdfeped mbd mdfezo|e uzed" Pejnkkebded qpeqmpmtonb nl kmbyjnkqnzote mdfepebtz jnbzoztz nl m znc|ebt oqe# tn pekn|e cnnze zuplmje dopt mbd noc# mbd mbm`pmdobi nqepmtonb" M`pmzonb zfnucd è dnbe jmpeluccy tn m|nod dmkmiobi jnkqnzote zuplmjeloèpz"

Ob znke jmzez# qpokep oz pe}uoped tn jnmt tfe jnkqnzote èlnpe mqqcyobi tfe mdfezo|e" Yfeb`nbdobi jnkqnzotez tn ketmcz# tfe ketmc zu`ztpmte jmb è qpeqmped `y `cmztobi otf zmbd# ipot#

np ketmc nvodez8 m`pmdobi otf m ope `puzf8 mbd kmjfobobi np zjnpobi otf juttobi tnncz" Ketmczuplmjez jmb mczn è qpeqmped jfekojmccy" Tn qpntejt lpezfcy qpeqmped ketmc zuplmjez lpnkjnppnzonb mbd jnbtmkobmtonb# mdfezo|e zfnucd è mqqcoed mz znnb mz qnzzo`ce"


14/19

] 4 Dezjpoè mbd occuztpmte tfe mqqpnqpomte tejfbncnioez lnp mqqcyobiFmpd jepmkoj jnmtobiz tn Jnkqnzote Kmtepomcz mbd io|e zuotm`cemqqcojmtonbz

Fmpd kmtepomcz zuotm`ce lnp tfob lock jepmkoj jnmtobiz mpe uzumccy jmpòdez# botpodez# `npodez mbd

zocojodez nl tfe O\tf# \tf mbd \Otf ipnuqz nl tfe qepondoj tm`ce" Tfe jepmkoj jnmtobiz mpe lnpked`y obtpndujobi botpnieb# fydpnjmp`nb# np zocojode dupobi tfe zquttepobi qpnjezz" Tfe jepmkojjnkqnubd oz tfnuift tn lnpk mt tfe zuplmje nl tfe zu`ztpmte mz tfoz oz tfe knzt ebepietojmccylm|nupm`ce"Tfe knzt jnkknb jepmkoj jnmtobiz m|mocm`ce mpe ToB# JpB# ToJB# mbd ToMcB"

ToB Totmbouk Botpode

Tfe fmpdbezz nl ToB jnmtobiz oz dollojuct tn kemzupe mz tfe jnmtobiz mpeevjeqtonbmccy fmpd mbd tfe tfobbezz nl tfe jnmtobi jmuzez jnb|ebtonbmc fmpdbezzteztz tn qebetpmte obtn tfe zu`ztpmte" Bmbnobdebtmtonb fmpdbezz teztz mpepe}uoped lnp mjjupmte pemdobiz" Tfe fmpdbezz nl ToB oz eztokmted mz r65 nb tfePnjhecc J Fmpdbezz &r0511 \ojhepz Fmpdbezz np 04"5 ioimqmzjmc/" Tfe

Pnjhecc J zjmce oz peimpded mz jpude lnp pemdobiz tfoz foif" Zqejomc tejfbo}uezfm|e èeb de|ecnqed tn kemzupe ToB fmpdbezz"

ToB fmz evjeccebt oblpmped &OP/ pelcejto|oty qpnqeptoez# pelcejtobi ob m zqejtpukzokocmp tn ecekebtmc incd &Mu/" Deqebdobi nb tfe zu`ztpmte kmtepomc mbd zuplmjelobozf# ToB occ fm|e m jnellojoebt nl lpojtonb pmbiobi lpnk 1"4 tn 1"? |epzuz otzecl&bnb+cu`pojmted/" Tyqojmc lnpkmtonb fmz m jpyztmc ztpujtupe nl BmJc+tyqe otf mpnuifcy =7= ztnojfonketpy8 fne|ep ToB jnkqnubdz otfvpmbiobi lpnk 1"< tn="0 mpe tfepkndybmkojmccy ztm`ce" ToB occ nvodowe mt


15/19

Kuctocmyepz mbd Zuqepcmttojez okqpn|e jepmkoj jnmtobiz

Luptfep okqpn|ekebt tn tfe qpnqeptoez nl fmpd Q\D jepmkoj jnmtobiz mpe mjfoe|ed `ydeqnzotobi kuctocmyepz mbd zuqepcmttojez" Tfeze mpe tfob lockz lnpked `y mctepbmtecy deqnzotobitn dollepebt jnkqnbebtz tn lnpk cmyeped ztpujtupez" Kuctocmyepz èjnke zuqepcmtojez feb tfeqepond nl tfe dollepebt cmyepz oz cezz tfmb =11"

Ze|epmc mutfnpz fm|e zfnb tfmt tfoz tyqe nl kuctocmyeped jepmkoj jnmtobi ztpujtupe jmbokqpn|e tfe fmpdbezz# emp pezoztmbje# jnppnzonb pezoztmbje mbd nvodmtonb pezoztmbje mz eccmz tfe tnuifbezz# jnkqmped tn zobice cmyepz nl tfe zmke kmtepomcz"

Mqqcojmtonbz

ToB &Totmbouk Botpode/ mhm Tobote

Ecokobmtez imccobi# lpettobi# kojpn ecdobi# zeowobi mbd mdfezo|e emp Zknntf nqepmtonb nl kn|obi jnkqnbebtz Yemp pezoztmbje nb qpejozonb jnkqnbebtz Fncdz zfmpq ediez np jnpbepz Jm|otmtonb epnzonb Epnzonb pezoztmbje Bnb+ztojh zuplmje# knzt kmtepomcz occ bnt mdfepe tn ToB" Cn Lpojtonb Cottce dokebzonbmc okqmjt# qeplejt lnp jcnze tncepmbje qmptz Ebfmbjez jnppnzonb pezoztmbje ùt dnez bnt qeplejtcy ebjmqzucmte tfe qmpt Qpndujto|oty okqpn|ekebt" Kmhe knpe qmptz qep fnup" Qcmztoj kncdz locc lmztep mt cnep

qpezzupez mbd tekqepmtupez" Juttobi tnncz pub mt lmztep zqeedz mbd leedz" Dejpemze Dnbtoke" Cnbiep cole# cezz lpe}uebt tnnc peqcmjekebt mbd jcembuq"

JpB Jfpnkouk Botpode

Foifep tekqepmtupe mqqcojmtonbz Zcodobi emp mqqcojmtonbz Yemp pezoztmbje nb qpejozonb jnkqnbebtz Ecokobmtez imccobi# lpettobi# kojpn ecdobi# zeowobi mbd mdfezo|e emp Ebfmbjez jnppnzonb pezoztmbje ùt dnez bnt qeplejtcy ebjmqzucmte tfe qmpt Cn Lpojtonb Fncdz zfmpq ediez np jnpbepz Cottce dokebzonbmc okqmjt# qeplejt lnp jcnze tncepmbje

ToJb + Totmbouk Jmp`nBotpode

@ettep m`pmzo|e emp pezoztmbje tfmb ToB" Cnep foif tekqepmtupe tncepmbje tfmb ToB" Ecokobmtez imccobi# lpettobi# kojpnecdobi# zeowobi mbd mdfezo|e emp Zknntf nqepmtonb nl kn|obi jnkqnbebtz Yemp pezoztmbje nb qpejozonb jnkqnbebtz Fncdz zfmpq ediez np jnpbepz Epnzonb pezoztmbje Cn Lpojtonb Cottce dokebzonbmc okqmjt# qeplejt lnp jcnze tncepmbje qmptz


16/19

Qpnjezzez

Qcmzkm Jnmtobi

Mb obept imz zujf mz Mpinb# feb evjoted `y mb ecejtpoj mpj# èjnkez qmptomccy onbozed mbd obtfoz ztmte oz m`ce tn jmppy mb ecejtpoj juppebt lnp tfe iebepmtonb nl m fnt imz ztpemk fm|obi

tekqepmtupez mqqpnmjfobi =0#111J" Qndep kmtepomc oz obgejted obtn tfe lcmke mt nqtokukjnbdotonbz mbd qpngejted ob m zeko+kncteb &qcmztoj/ ztmte nb tn m zuotm`cy qpeqmped nph qoeje tnlnpk foif obteipoty jnmtobiz nl tyqojmccy 1"15kk" tn :kk"tfojhbezz" Tfe iub oz kmboqucmted `yfmbd np `y uzobi m pn`nt# ebm`cobi m ode pmbie nl jnkqnbebt jnbloiupmtonbz tn è jnmted

n foif `nbd ztpebitf &55 Kqm . 6111 q"z"o" np foifep/"n foif debzoty# cn qnpnzoty"n m`ce tn è ipnubd np cmqqed tn m lobe lobozf&N"=+1"0 kojpnbz/"

Due tn tfe pmbie nl kmtepomcz tfmt jmb è zqpmyed ot oz dollojuct tn iebepmcoze nb jnmtobijfmpmjtepoztojz# ùt otf tfe jnppejt jfnoje nl kmtepomc qcmzkm jnmtobiz jmb7+

n

qeplnpk èttep tfmb jfpnke qcmtobi"n è knpe jnzt ellejto|e tfmb zncod zobteped jmpòde"n pezozt emp èttep tfmb tfe zmke kmtepomc ob jmzt np pnuift lnpk

Qfyzojmc \mqnup Deqnzotonb &Q\D/

Tfoz tejfbo}ue oz uzed tn deqnzot tfob cmyepz nl kmtepomc tn peduje lpojtonb mbd emp# np tn mjt mzm dolluzonb `mppoep &tn ztnq jncd ecdobi lnp evmkqce/"Loiupe == zfnz m zjfekmtoj nl tfe qpnjezz" Totmbouk Botpode &ToB/# lnp evmkqce# oz deqnzoted obqmptomc |mjuuk `y leedobi onbozed totmbouk obtn qcmzkm nl onbozed mpinb mbd botpnieb" Tfenqepmtonb njjupz mt m tekqepmtupe nl èteeb :51 mbd 451J otf tfe pezuctmbt ToB ipnobi nbtfe zuplmje nl tfe nph qoeje

Loiupe == Qfzojmc \mqnp Deqnzotonb

Kmtepomcz zujf mz Totmbouk Jmp`n Botpode# Jfpnkouk Botpode mbd Tubizteb Jmpòde.Jmp`nb jmbè qpndujed `y jfmbiobi tfe kmtepomc ob tfe jpujo`ce mbd tfe pemjto|e imzez"@ejmuze tfe qpnjezz oz jmppoed nut ob m |mjuuk jfmkèp tfepe mpe ozzuez nl zowe cokotmtonb nltfe nph qoeje" Ob mddotonb tfe qpnjezz oz ellejto|ecy cobe nl zoift zn deeq fncez mbd `npez jmbbnt emzocy è jnmted"


17/19

Jfekojmc \mqnup Deqnzotonb &J\D/

Tfoz oz m foif tekqepmtupe qpnjezz &=111J/" Ot oz jmppoed nut ob |mjuuk jfmkèp fepe tfedozmzznjomtonb nl imzez fojf tfeb pemjt mt tfe nph qoeje zuplmje tn lnpk m zncod jnmtobi" Tfozoz tfe qpnjezz `y fojf Domknbd mbd domknbd cohe jmp`nb &DCJ/ jnmtobiz mpe qpndujed" Tfeipemtezt qpn`cek otf tfe tejfbo}ue oz tfe foif tekqepmtupez tfmt mpe pe}uoped"

Loiupe =0 Jfekojmc \mqnup Deqnzotonb

Jfekojmccy Lnpked Qpnjezzez &JLQ/

Tfeze jnmtobiz# fojf mpe uzumccy èteeb =1 mbd =11 kojpnbz tfojh# mpe tyqojmccy uzed lnpokqpn|obi tfe jnppnzonb np emp pezoztmbje nl m jnkqnbebt" Tfe jnkqnbebt oz jn|eped ob tfemqqpnqpomte qpejupznp kmtepomcz èlnpe femtobi tn èteeb :51 mbd


18/19

Lcmke Zqpmyobi

Tfoz oz tfe knzt `mzoj lnpk nl tfepkmc zqpmyobi mbd nlteb ob|nc|ez mb nvy+mjetycebe ùpbep mztfe femt znupje"Md|mbtmiez nl zujf m zyztek mpe tfmt ot oz jfemq# kndepmte deqnzotonb pmtez jmb è mjfoe|ed&1"5+1"< hi.fnup/ mbd kmbumc nqepmtonb nl tfe zqpmyobi ubot jmb è ekqcnyed"

Dozmd|mbtmiez nl tfe zyztek objcude cn qmptojce |ecnjotoez &41+011 k.z/ cemdobi tn cn `nbdztpebitfz# foif qnpnzoty &=1+=5%/ mbd m foif okqupoty ce|ec"

Loiupe =4 Lcmke Zqpmobi

Foif \ecnjoty Nvy Luec &F\NL/

Tfoz zyztek oz m pelobed nvy+luec ùpbep fojf uzez md|mbjed bnwwce dezoib tejfbncniy tnmjjecepmte tfe imz.qmptojce ztpemk tn mjfoe|e qmptojce |ecnjotoez ob evjezz nl


19/19

@o`conipmqfy

"iupot"jnk"ohoqedom"jnkfttq7.."nzfm"in|.fttq7..yyy"zmyduztkmhobi"jnk.M`nut%01Gnobtz.m`nut^gnobtz"ftkfttq7..yyy"q|d+jnmtobiz"jn"uh

yyy"innice"jnk

yyy"`pjnmt"jnk

yyy"tztjnmtobiz"jnk"tfegjdq"jnk
http://www.gurit.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.sawdustmaking.com/About%20Joints/about_joints.htmhttp://www.pvd-coatings.co.uk/http://www.google.com/http://www.brycoat.com/http://www.tstcoatings.com/http://www.thejcdp.com/issue027/predebon/02predebon.htmhttp://www.gurit.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.sawdustmaking.com/About%20Joints/about_joints.htmhttp://www.pvd-coatings.co.uk/http://www.google.com/http://www.brycoat.com/http://www.tstcoatings.com/http://www.thejcdp.com/issue027/predebon/02predebon.htm

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