completion and transformation items
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Completion Items
![Page 2: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Completion Items Useful in testing students ability to produce acceptable and appropriate forms of language.
Measure production rather than recognition.
![Page 3: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The words selected for omissions are grammatical and functional words (e.g. to, it, in, the, etc.)
Content words may be selected in a vocabulary or reading test.
![Page 4: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
_____ Sun is shining today.
_____ sun is shining today.
![Page 5: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
It can be rewritten as a question to overcome the problem:
Is ____ sun shining today?
![Page 6: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
completion items sometimes cause problems in scoring.
PREPARE 1. He heard a gasp behind him as he __________ to go.
![Page 7: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
a test writer must be certain that testees produce only the answer she wants to be used in each blank.
As soon as possible the next day I sent my story __________ the editor
_________ the magazine _________ where my best work usually appeared.
![Page 8: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Three ways of restricting the choices available to the testees:
a)By providing a contextb)By providing datac)By using multiple choice
techniques
![Page 9: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
by providing a context
Kim usually goes to the cinema about once a week but she _________four films already this month and it’s only the 20th today.
(possible answers: has seen/will have seen/ must have seen)
![Page 10: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
by providing data
I go to the cinema regularly, but it’s ages since I last saw a play.I go to the cinema regularly, but I ________ to the theatre for months.
(Possible answers: haven’t been/ haven’t gone/ haven’t been going/ haven’t been able to go)
![Page 11: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
by using multiple choice techniques.
I _____ to the theatre three times since I last saw you.
a. go c. had goneb. have been d. went
![Page 12: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Advantages: the use of context often avoids the
kinds of ambiguity referred to in the previous paragraphs.
Students experience the use of grammar in context being required in order to guess many of the missing words.
![Page 13: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Types of completion items
1.Blanks are indicated and requires only one word for the answer.
2.Modified cloze passage • Omissions themselves are not
indicated.• requires to put an oblique stroke (/) at
the place where the word has been omitted and then to write the missing word in the appropriate space.
![Page 14: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
It (1) _______ always useful(2) _______ practice answering the types of questions (3) ________you may (4) _______ asked. However, (5) _______ is not enough simply (6) _________ glance through a past paper (7) _______ answer the questions (8) _______ your head.This will give you (9) ______ indication at all (10) _______ what you can do.
![Page 15: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Historians and anthropologists used think that ill health and disease prevalent among primitive tribes. Results recent investigation, however, have shown we much to learn from primitive people. Without benefit of immunization or vaccination, primitive often acquired immunity the diseases present in their society.
![Page 16: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sentence Completion
part of a sentence has been omitted.
tests the ability to handle structures according to certain patterns.
Make concentration on specific grammatical points more difficult.
![Page 17: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Many zoo officials are worried by the increasing ill-treatment of animals by visitors to the zoo, especially by children. When the animals fail to perform in the ways expected, ________________________________________________. Crocodiles seem to be the chief victims of such attacks because they ________________________________________. The bottles, cans , sticks and stones that _________________________________________ end up as unsightly litter in the enclosures. Some animals, however, swallow __________________________________________.
……………………………………
![Page 18: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Completion of Dialogues
provides the ability to manipulate the grammar and language patterns.
Unfortunately, it is often difficult to write a natural dialogue and provide useful cues at the same time.
![Page 19: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A: ________________________________________________________________.B: So do I. I generally watch it for an hour or two every evening.
A:_________________________________________________________________.B: Immediately after I’ve finished my homework, at about
8:30 or nine.
A: ______________________________________________________________.B: So are mine. The funnier, the better. I like American ones
best of all –you know, programs like “Benson” and “Different Strokes.”
![Page 20: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Transformation Type
![Page 21: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
types of tests the ability to produce structures in the target language.
An objective item type which comes close to measuring some of the skills tested in composition writing.
![Page 22: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1.I haven’t written to you for a long time.It’s along time
_____________________________.
2.In sunny weather, I often go for a walk.When the weather
_______________________________.
![Page 23: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Other ways of covering transformation items:
1. It was impossible to work under those conditions.Working ___________________________________
2. I don’t think it’s necessary for you to stay any longer.
I don’t think you ____________________________.
![Page 24: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In some tests, students may be required to rewrite a sentence beginning with a certain word underlines in the original sentence.
Example:
They believed that the earth was flat.The earth was believed to be flat.
![Page 25: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Transformation can also be affected by requiring a substitute to the given verb necessitating a change in a structural pattern.
Example:
Ten lessons make up the course. CONSIST
The course consists of ten lessons.
![Page 26: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Transformation can be made to perform a part of continuous sentence by:
1)Changing sentences according to a given pattern.
2)Changing sentences by using selected words.
![Page 27: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Changing sentences according to a given pattern.
a)Very few objective tests allow for a choice.You have ________________________________.
b)However, the instructions should be carefully checked.However, you ______________________________.
![Page 28: Completion and Transformation Items](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5588c1c3d8b42aa3508b45d2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Changing sentences by using selected words.
1)Remember that it is necessary to answer the questions in the order set. (NEED)______________________________________________.
2)You are advised to check your answers carefully after each question. (ADVISABLE)________________________________________.