Complete Streets Chicago: Data Driven Design

Luann Hamilton

Deputy Commissioner

AGENDA •Chicago’s goals • Complete Streets & Sustainable

Infrastructure Guides • Data-Driven Planning

• Setting goals • Scoping/research • Mapping • Informed design

• Priority Models • Mode Counts • Case Studies: using data for

complete streets

Why Complete Streets? • Health: support active

transportation and health, address obesity.

• Economy: draw people to shop, live, and work in walkable, livable communities.

• Safety: design to protect all users; reduce speeding and crashes.

• Changing Needs: Chicagoans driving less and using other modes

• Return on investment: create resilient, environmentally sound infrastructure that controls long term costs.

Driving is down; transportation choices up

Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled

Chicago Annual Vehicle Miles

CDOT Goals

• Eliminate pedestrian crash fatalities in ten years

• Reduce pedestrian and bike crash injuries 50% in five years

• Reach 50% of commute trips made by walking, biking, transit, and working from home by 2030 (currently 38%)

Modal Hierarchy: Pedestrian First

Project Delivery Process Stage 4: Construction: Ensure project is built as designed for complete streets

Stage 5: Measurement: Measure the effectiveness of complete streets

Stage 6: Maintenance: Ensure all users are accommodated through the project’s lifespan

1. Selection: Identify projects that advance complete streets

2. Scoping: Collect data, examine all modes, consider building and roadway form and function, review sustainability data

3. Design: Address objectives defined during scoping

4. Construction: Ensure project built as designed, for complete streets

5. Measurement: Evaluate effectiveness of complete streets

6. Maintenance: Ensure all users continue to be accommodated

Project Delivery Process – by Project Type Stage 4: Construction: Ensure project is built as designed for complete streets

Stage 5: Measurement: Measure the effectiveness of complete streets

Stage 6: Maintenance: Ensure all users are accommodated through the project’s lifespan

1. Project Selection Stage 4: Construction: Ensure project is built as designed for complete streets

Stage 5: Measurement: Measure the effectiveness of complete streets

Stage 6: Maintenance: Ensure all users are accommodated through the project’s lifespan

Select projects that advance complete, sustainable streets

• Rank projects based on Chicago Forward and complete streets opportunities • Safety First • Creating choices • Fuel the economy • Sustainable City

• Set numeric goals: How will we measure success?

2. Scoping Stage 4: Construction: Ensure project is built as designed for complete streets

Stage 5: Measurement: Measure the effectiveness of complete streets

Stage 6: Maintenance: Ensure all users are accommodated through the project’s lifespan

Collect data, examine modes, consider building and roadway form and function (typologies)

2.1 Establish goals

2.2 Research: crash reports, modal plans, relevant projects, developments, prior studies, public engagement

2.3 Conduct site visits; establish typologies

2.4 Assemble data, maps, analysis

2.5 Confirm modal hierarchy or request variance

2.6 Revisit goals

Research Before designing, consider:

Data Sets and Plans • Crash data, neighborhood plans,

environmental conditions, zoning plans and synergies

Building Form & Function • Land use, structures, regulatory

framework, businesses

Roadway Form & Function • Character of roadway, speeds,

number of lanes, users, parking demand, traffic operations

Special Designations • Statutory and operational categories

such as snow routes, Pedestrian Streets, bicycling spoke routes

Crash Data

Crash Maps

Mode Analysis Maps

Typology Maps

Upfront Planning & Data Driven Design Approach

Expanding data sets to measure success and inform future projects

Design based on data & research

Use existing and collect new data

Create data repository and capture collected data

Set performance metrics

Evaluate and monitor

3. Design Stage 4: Construction: Ensure project is built as designed for complete streets

Stage 5: Measurement: Measure the effectiveness of complete streets

Stage 6: Maintenance: Ensure all users are accommodated through the project’s lifespan

Meet goals from Initiation & Scoping

3.1 Draft alternatives & sustainable elements

3.2 Schematic Design

3.3 Evaluate Impacts: intersection design, signal timing, traffic impact, MMLOS

3.4 Obtain Feedback and Approvals

3.5 Final Design

Design Guidance Design Trees

Design Guidance Cross Section Elements

Stoop area Door Zone Yards Building Setbacks Walkways Trees Sidewalk Furniture Driveways

Curbs Bicycle Lanes Protected Bike Lanes Parking Turn Lanes

Landscaping Pedestrian Refuges Bus-rapid Transit Protected Bike Lanes Turn Lanes

Curbs Bicycle Lanes Protected Bike Lanes Parking Turn Lanes

Stoop area Door Zone Yards Building Setbacks Walkways Trees Sidewalk Furniture Driveways

Priority Models Safety Zones & Automated Speed Enforcement

Safety Zones

• 1500 prioritized locations across 6 zones

• Infrastructure improvements

• Automated speed enforcement in 10% of zones

1. # all vehicle crashes 2. # fatal/serious injury crashes 3. # youth under 18 crashes (x2) 4. # pedestrian & bicyclist crashes 5. # speed related crashes (x2) 6. High youth population

Speed Camera Priority Model

2012 Pilot Site Selection

Schools Parks

Claremont Academy Garfield

Disney Magnet School Humboldt

Hancock High School Washington

Pickard McKinley

Morgan Park High School Senn

Prosser Vocational High School Major Taylor

Pilot Site Selection Criteria • High Safety Zone Ranking • Geographic/City Region Distribution (2 zones per Region • School Park Balance (6 Schools/Parks • School Type Balance (3 Elementary/3 High School)

2012 Safety Zones 76 High Visibility Crosswalks

12 Pedestrian Countdown Timers

140 Safety Zone Stencils

13 Speed Feedback Signs

6 In-Street Stop for Pedestrian Signs

10 ADA Ramps

1 Lead Pedestrian Interval

1 Median Refuge Island

2013 Safety Zones

•50 sites for speed cameras • Selected based on priority model • Geographic/Region Distribution • “Spot Speed Studies” to identify camera sites within safety zone • 3-Year crash data analyzed for clustering of crashes, further focused camera site selection

2013 Work To Date

• Over 400 Crosswalks striped (or in planning)

• Approximately 100 “Safety Zone” Pavement Markings

• 20 Next Generation, Advanced Functionality Speed Feedback Signs to be installed

• Additional Improvements include In-Street Stop for Pedestrian Signs, Updated Speed Limit/Speed Zone signage at every Zone

2013 Safety Zone Improvements

High Visibility Crosswalk Safety Zone Stencils Speed Feedback Signs

2013 Safety Zone Improvements

Stop for Pedestrian Sign Safety Zone/Speed Signs

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6 Locations: • Existing Bike Network • Potential Projects • Geographic Equity • Feasibility

Modal Data:

Monthly Bike Count

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Monthly Bike Count

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2012 Ridership Year Trend During Peak Hours

Clark/Lincoln-Wells Milwaukee/Elston Jackson/Halsted Overall

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Applying Data to Designs

South Chicago Ave. Safety Project CDOT is installing a safety project “road diet” on South Chicago Ave. A road diet removes

unnecessary travel lanes to make the street safer for all users. Road diets on streets with less than 20,000 motorists per day show improved safety and reduced speeding without delaying motor

vehicle travel.

• 12,300 motorists use South Chicago Avenue on an average day

• 80% of motorists observed were traveling faster than the posted speed limit

• 15% of motorists observed were traveling greater than 42mph Chance a person would survive if hit by a vehicle traveling this fast…

South Chicago Ave - Existing South Chicago Ave - Proposed

South Chicago Ave. at East End Ave.

Before

After

Vincennes Ave. Safety Project • 981 Crashes (5-year period)

• 21% resulted in injuries

• 100% of bike/ped crashes resulted in injuries

• 4 fatal crashes

• ‘Before’ Speed Data • 86% of NB & 63% of SB Motorists

speeding

• 41% of NB & 16% of SB motorists exceeding 40MPH

7 - 8AM Preliminary Speed Study

Before - 1/29/13 After - 10/3/13

# of Vehicles 718 681

Average Speed 38MPH 32MPH

# Over 30MPH 624 390

% Over 30MPH 87% 64%

# Over 35MPH 463 187

% Over 35MPH 64% 27%

# Over 40MPH 192 54

% Over 40MPH 27% 8%

Lawrence Ave. Streetscape

Neighborhood Context

Lawrence Avenue Streetscape

Existing Cross Section

Lawrence Avenue

Lawrence Avenue – Existing Conditions

Lawrence Avenue

Proposed Cross Section

Lawrence Avenue – Proposed Conditions

• Road Diet with wider sidewalks and continuous bike lanes

• Signal and Timing Improvements

• Street and Pedestrian Lighting

• New Sidewalks and ADA Ramps

• Decorative Stamped Crosswalks

• Permeable Pavers in Parkway

• Pedestrian Refuge Islands

Streetscape Enhancements

• Increased motorist travel times 3-9 mins (depending on time of day)

• Increased motorist times turning off/onto and crossing road • Queue lengths will increase at traffic signals, with the

heaviest at PM westbound rush hour. • During peak hours, traffic will backup through side streets.

• Increased potential of cut-through traffic by cars and delivery vans.

• Traffic calming elements (speed humps) exist on numerous side streets.

Lawrence Avenue – Driver Impact

Lawrence Ave. Streetscape

• Adjust traffic signal timings for through-traffic • All signals 85 seconds • Ped crossings 3.5 ft/second

• Major intersections maintain 4-lane cross sections • Provide center turn lane • Pedestrian refuge islands at non-signalized intersections • Bump-outs on side streets to reduce cut-through traffic • Buses pull over to allow through-traffic to pass • After presentation of trade offs between longer auto travel

times and complete streets design, overwhelming community support for road diet

Lawrence Avenue – Impact Mitigation

Foster Avenue – Road Diet?

21’ 21’

Existing Conditions

• Peak hour parking restrictions (7-9 AM eastbound, 4-6 PM westbound)

• Allows for 2-travel lanes in each direction

• 42’ pavement width curb-to-curb

• CTA bus stops

• 302 crashes ‘09-’11, including 87 speed, 48 youth, 18 bike/ped, 10 serious/fatal

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24-Hour Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

NB = 20,600, SB = 22,500

Total = 43,200 vehicles

Lawrence Ave. Streetscape Foster Ave: Field Survey

• Expressway interchange generates heavy traffic

• Vehicles use all lanes

• Traffic backed up

• Data matches the field conditions

Road Diet Will it work here?

Source: A New Foster Avenue Facebook Page

Foster Avenue: Recommendations

• New Pavement and Pavement Markings

• High Visibility Crosswalks

• Pedestrian Signs

• Signal Modernization

• Speed Feedback Signs

• Automated Speed Enforcement

• First location in Chicago

• One month warning period: 53,474 warnings

• Citation qualifying events in first 9 days: 3818

Cycle Tracks-Measuring Results

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1,509

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Elston and Milwaukee

Elston and Milwaukee

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Lake and Damen

Lake and Damen

Temperature May 2012: 50-55 deg. May 2013: 70-75 deg.

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Pilot People Spots

47th & Greenwood 47th & Champlain

People Spots – Measuring Results

Before and After Ped Counts

Attitude and Behavior

• Sense of Community – 6.9 to 7.7 (scale of 1 to 10)

• Meeting City Green Objectives – Increased 23%

• Mode Share – 7% more walked – 17% more rode bikes – 5% fewer drove

• Activity Mapping – Greatly increased diversity of activities – +24% in sitting, +9% in socializing, +26% in eating and

drinking, +17% phone use

Wants a conclusion here

Dearborn Street Complete Street

Dearborn Street - Before Dearborn Street - After