complete ielts writing preparation notes by seema brain openers

1 FOR ANY KIND OF IELTS PREPARATION HELP, www.ieltsfreehomedelivery.blogspot.com 9996605415

SEEMA BRAIN OPENERS KURUKSHETRA PRESENTS

FREE ILETS WRITING MODULE PREPARATION HELP STUDY MATERIAL

ACADEMIC WRITING

Task name Task 1 Task 2

What to write Report writing Essay writing

Bands weightage 3 6

Time limit 20 minutes 40 minutes

Nature of task Objective Subjective

Word limit Minimum 150 on avg. 170-180 Minimum 250 on avg. 260-275

Flow of task Introduction Body paragraph

Conclusion

Introduction Body

Paragraphs 1 and 2

Conclusion

Types of tasks

1. Line graph

2. Bar graph

3. Pie chart

4. Tables

5. Flow or process or picture

1. Agree / disagree

2. Advantages / disadvantage

3. Opinion based essays

4. Discuss two opinions

5. Problem based essays

a). causes and solution

b). causes and effects

SYNONYMS FOR GRAPH WRITING

Rise

climb, go up, increase, improve, jump, leap, move upward, rocket, skyrocket, soar, shoot up,

pick up, surge, recover, rise, rose, inclined, grow, multiply, enlarge, enhance, extend, expand,

intensify, advance, boost, development, spread, enlargement, escalation, elaboration,

addition, accession, inflation, gain, progression, intensification, dilation

Fall:

Collapse, decline, decrease, deteriorate, dip, dive, drop, go down, go into free ball, plummet,

plunge, reduce, slump, take a nosedive, reduce, reduction, went down, goes down, lessen,

mitigate, alleviate, allay, appease, soothe, curtail, decline, abbreviate, shorten, dropping,

diminishing, slowing, dwindling, sinking, sagging, subsidy, slacking, lowering, depreciating,

running down, dying away, withering away, wearing off, momentum, slumping, in a slump

down

Fluctuate:

http://www.ieltsfreehomedelivery.blogspot.com/


Be erratic, be fitful, very rise and fall erratically, regular variation

Flat:

No change, constant, remained stable, steady, reached a plateau, stayed the same

Equivalent:

Commensurate, comparable, equal, similar, same, like matching, identical, duplicate, one and

the same, even, regular, uniform, invariable, unvarying, unbiased, to the same degree without

distinction, coordinate, alike corresponding

Constant:

Steady, uniform, unchanging, invariable, continuous, persistent, continual, incessant,

perpetual, uninterrupted, regular, repeated, unvarying, equable, even, fixed, consistent,

nonstop, monotonous, standardized

Add suitable adverbs:

Dramatically, erratically, gradually, markedly, significantly, slightly, slowly, steadily, rapidly,

sharply, moderately

Add time phrases:

Between …………………..and ………………………………..

From………………………..to…………………………………

At………. / by ……………….. / in……………………………..

In the year (1998)………………………………………………..

During / over the period ………………….. to ………………………………..

Over the latter half of the year /century / decade / period

Over the next / past / previous five days / months / years / decades

Although:

In spite of the fact that, granting that

Therefore:

As a result of this / consequently / hence

However:

No matter how / to whatever degree / evident by what means, under any circumstances,

nevertheless, at all events, yet, somehow, in spite of that, all the same, anyhow, regardless,

whatever happens

Accordingly:

In consequences, consequently, equally, respectively, proportionately by duty,

correspondingly, in accordance, subsequently, in respect to, thus, therefore, as a result,



resultantly, as a consequence, as the case may be, on the ground, under the circumstances,

as an outgrowth

Overall:

Total, widespread, inclusive, extensive, broad, wide, compendium, weeping, all inclusive,

complete, thorough, full, general, gross, aggregate, integral

Improved:

Enhanced, amended, mended, reformed, elaborated, remodeled, enriched, refined,

processed, reorganized, upgrade, modernized, brought up, better for do-date, repaired,

rectified

Initially:

At first, at the beginning, originally, primal, maiden, opening, introductory, inceptive, inaugural,

premier, leading in the beginning, leading

Dropped:

Discontinued, released, expelled

Furthermore:

Moreover, too, in addition, likewise, as well, additionally, similarly, in like manner, along with,

over and above, together with

Rapidly:

Fast, swiftly, posthaste, speedily, quickly, now, at short notice, instantly, straightaway,

instantaneously, shortly, shooting, suddenly at a great rate, without delay, promptly

Comparison:

Likening, collating, analyzing, relative estimation, compensative equating, relation, testing by

a criterion, measuring, distinguishing between, corresponding, correlating, drawing parallels,

discrimination, relating, dividing, opposition, bringing, together, matching

Contrast:

Compared, striking difference, being contrasted

Eventually:

Finally, conclusively, decisively, with conviction, in a final manner, definitely, enduringly, once

and for all, for good, beyond the shadow of a double, assuredly, irrevocably

Whereas:

Since, in as much as, in so much as, for as much as, considering that, where in fact, while,

although, while on the contrary, thought but on the other hand

Conclusion:

Finish, summing up, to sum up, to cap it all, all in all, review, conclude, summarize



Also:

Too, likewise, besides, as well, in addition, similarly, in like manner, along with, more than

that, over and above

Generally:

Usually, commonly, ordinarily, as a matter of course, repeatedly, traditionally, naturally,

normally, as a rule, conventionally

Time expressions:

In: in 1999, in the 20th century… in the first ten years…..

(There was a significant increase in production)

For: for the next six months for twenty years

(The number of employees remained the same)

During: during the first six months during the first half of

this century

During the remainder of the year

(Production was slowing down, while imports increased)

From – to / until from august to / until November…. From 1950 to 1960….

(There was no change in energy use)

Between – and: between 1950 and 1960……………..

(There was no change in the rate of fuel consumption)

Before / after: before 1960 the number remained small, but after 1965 there was a

sudden increase

Around / about: around / about 1980 there was a change in the number of female part time

workers

By: by the late 19th century the rural workforce had declined significantly

At: at the end of the last century, there was a sharp increase in manufacturing

Since: since the 19th century there has been a steady decline

Other useful expressions are:

(In) the period from…………………………to………………………………..

(In) the period between ……………………………….and………………………………………

In the first / last three months of the year

Over the period ………………………to…………………………………………………..

Over the next years / decades / quarter of a century

Over a ten year period

Throughout the 19th century

From that time on



After that

Then

In the 1980s

Solved examples for writing tasks 1

POWERFUL NOTES ON WRITING TASK 1

B1T1TASK1

SOLUTION

Out of given two illustrative charts, the first one is telling us the possible reasons for adults to

go for further study and the second one is revealing the idea of its cost like how it should be

shared.

Primary reasons for adults to study are they want to gain qualification along with they are

keenly interested in subjects, and then they choose to study. Several other reasons are also

there like it provides help in current job, adds opportunities of promotions and somewhere

they enjoy the learning phenomenon, these three factors attract almost equal proportion of

students towards themselves. Comparatively, a small percentage of adults also decide to

study because they want to meet new people and they want to make themselves able to

change their current job.

The concept of sharing the cost of adult education is quite interesting because as per it, cost’s

40% should come from student’s side and 35% should come from employer’s side while 25%

from the taxpayers.

The idea of further study is a brilliant one and adults choose to do so because of their own

interest and want to strengthen their qualifications.

BIT2TASK1

SOLUTION

A proper schematic diagram is given about the reliable forecasting of weather by Australian

bureau of meteorology like how they collect information and how they further process it and

how finally they meaningfully broadcast it to millions of users via three popular channels.



The whole process is divided into four meaningful channels likewise incoming information

platform, analysis & forecasting station, preparing the broadcast and finally the broadcast. For

incoming information they use satellite, radars and drifting buoy and the information received

by these three platforms if further processed at terminal two i.e. analysis & forecasting one

where satellite photo, radar screen and synoptic charts are used which gives data to prepare

the broadcast on station 3 and then finally data is communicated via television, radio and

recorded announcements to general public.

In a nutshell, the whole process is purposefully planned and automated to ensure the

accurate broadcasting of the possible weather updates every single day.

B1T3TASK1

SOLUTION

The liking of fast foods in Britain is given to us likewise how much as per income standard per

week a person spends on them and secondly, we are nicely equipped with the changes in the

choice of fast foods for a span of twenty years.

Hamburgers are the first choice for high and average income slabs. Other two options are

equally liked by high ones. Whereas, fish and chips are on number two and pizza is at place

three for average ones. As far as the low income slab is concerned, they prefer fish and chips

most while hamburger is their second choice and least they love to have pizza’s on their

plate.

On the other hand, the consumption of these three fast foods is showing a dramatic change

over the period of twenty years. Likewise in the 1970’s, fish and chips was the first choice but

in 1990, the chair of head is taken by hamburgers. As hamburgers and pizzas are on a

significant growth move but fishes and chips are losing their hold continuously.

Hamburgers are liked by rich and middle class people and also, the consumption of

hamburgers are increasing considerably every year among Britain fats food lovers.

B1T4TASK1

SOLUTION

The exceptional development picture of a village Chorleywood near London is given to us.

The evolution of establishment of residential areas is presented in it.

In the beginning in 1868, there were few residential areas but with the establishment of

railway station in 1909, people started living there as it got connected with other areas of

London and opportunities of growth had been started in the region. Within thirty years, a large



population as found its home in nearby areas of railway station and main roads. The means of

transportation are primary to develop any region. Likewise, in Chorleywood, it happened with

the progress in the means of transportation. With the passage of time, around in 1970’s when

the network of railways and roads was much expanded, people started establishing

themselves in the suburbs. The basic thing which is coming out in this picture is with the

progress in transportation and inert connectivity among the village, people found it worthy to

get settled in Chorleywood.

With the passage of time and with availability of interconnectivity and connectivity with outside

areas Chorleywood found more people to choose it a worthy destination.

B2T1TASK1

SOLUTION

For a span of eleven years, the percentage of households in Britain is clearly given with the

choices of consumer durables they have made during this period. Figures are quite

informative and presenting statistics on how choices have changed during eleven years.

Television and vacuum cleaners were at helm while central heating and refrigerators have

shown a strong presence in Britain houses and people took them on serious priority. With

same fashion, washing machines have also become a utility item for consumers. With the

evolution of telephones, people shown a keen interest in having a telephone at their home

and quantity almost doubled within eleven years. Dishwasher was out of regular trend and

was available in few houses. Trend of videos was new and it started with a good number.

People of England are quite sensible in choosing items of domestic use and they are more

open to things of primary importance like television, refrigerator, washing machine and

telephones.

B2T2TASK1

SOLUTION

The given chart is expressing clearly the amount of time in a week spent by different

employment status people on leisure activities in the year 1998-99. The presentation is

informative and having impact in giving a concrete idea on choices of people for leisure

activities.

Males are playing a leading role in investing their time in leisure activities. The males and

females with unemployed and retired employment status are the top rankers in the list.

Females who are housewives, employed part time and employed full times are at second,



third and fourth position respectively. While males with full times work life spent almost half

times on leisure activities than males with unemployed and retired status.

From the chart it is quite clear that leisure activities are important part of life and they become

more important for people who are free because of retirement or jobless. Certainly, people

(males and females both) with work also prefer to enjoy their time.

B2T3TASK1

SOLUTION

A clear statistic representation with two tables is shown to us. The first table is telling us the

purpose of travelling to abroad by people in UK during 1994 to 1998 while the second table is

sharing the information of preferred destinations all around the globe by UK people in the

same period.

Primary reason to travel abroad is making holidays memorable and meaningful. Business and

meeting to friends and relatives are on second and third priority of people in UK. There are

other reasons also due to which people visit abroad. Except the year 1995 when the number

decreased relatively, every year the number of visits is increasing gradually.

Western Europe is the area where most of UK people spend their days and they love to be

the part of Western European climate and comparatively, North America is not a promising

choice of UK people even other areas of the world are visited by them than North America.

Holiday is the primary reason and Western Europe is the most preferred choice for UK people

as the trends of five years are revealing.

B2T4TASK1

SOLUTION

Data of people under imprisonment from 1930 to 1980 within five countries is shared. There

are noticeable changes in the figures of people in jails during this span.

Great Britain is presenting a respectful image with almost least number of people in jails.

However, the percentage is increasing in UK but it is quite low relatively. In Australia, trend is

always changing like it came down first and in 1960 it went up and then in 1980, it again came

down. New Zealand is experiencing a considerable fall in this figure however it increased in

between but even at the end it did not come at the initial level. The position of US is

worrisome. It topped the chart four times with substantial number of people in prison. Canada

is helping US in this with a large population in prison and the condition is improving but not

much in the last fifty years.



Data is very fluctuating but still the position of US and Canada is causing worry for their

political system. And a huge proportion of people is spending their days in prison in these two

countries.

B3T1TASK1

SOLUTION

Crystal clear representation via charts is given to us about number of Japanese tourists going

abroad annually and how much Australia contributes in it every year. Both charts are showing

data for 10 years span.

The number is increasing gradually every year except the year 1991 when it decreased then

from next year onwards, it again acquired its previous level and remained constant for two

years and from 1994, it again embarked going to increased level every year. Means to say,

people are opening their minds every year towards going abroad and exploring the outside

world.

In the beginning, share of Australia is not much but every year the proportion got strength and

come on higher value than previous one. For year 1989, it reduced just for that year but after

that it shown a rise and almost with constant rate the share is increasing every year and in

last, in year 1993, it again came down little bit. Overall, Australia is on constant rise from the

side of Japanese tourists.

B3T2TASK1

SOLUTION

How much they spent on six consumer goods annually, it is shown meaningfully with chart for

four European countries. Germany, Italy, France and Britain are there in the consideration.

Britain is a country were all these six items are purchased with maximum interest and

eventually, they are the top rankers of this chart in all categories. France shows great

welcome for photographic films, toys and CD’s but their choice for perfumes, tennis racquets

and personal stereos are moderate. Italy shows almost equal propensity for first four items

while for last two, it is very curious to buy. Unlike Britain, Germany is showing a downward

trend in interest in items when we move from personal stereos to photographic films.

Britain is exceptionally passionate about buying toys and photographic films while personal

stereos are an item which is almost equally liked by all four countries natives. Means to say, it

is an item of common use or general interest.

B3T3TASK1



SOLUTION

Effectively it is cleared to us that how industrialized and developing countries differ from each

other on the platform of their participation in education and science. The data is compiled for

a span of ten years.

First, let us see this difference on average years of schooling scale, from 1980 to 1990,

developing countries have shown a little interest while industrialized countries took quite good

interest as they mean it.

Secondly, from 1980 to 1990, number of scientists has grown slightly high in developing

countries whereas this number shown a huge rise in industrialized ones. There is a big gap in

the number of scientists in both countries.

Ironically, from 1980 to 1990, the investment on R&D by developing countries has come down

while industrialized countries are strongly focusing on adding the amount on their R&D

projects. Industrialized nations are getting results of this prime importance that they are giving

to R&D sector.

The basic thing which is coming out from this analysis is industrialized countries are giving

inputs meaningfully to enjoy their developments and they value education as well as

participation in science based innovations.

B3T4TASK1

SOLUTION

The issue of unemployment is a serious one. This issue has clearly illustrated via a chart for

Japan and USA for a span of six years. The given data is shown with respect to percentage of

total work force.

It is quite interesting to observe that unemployment has reduced meaningfully in USA while it

is becoming a serious problem for Japan. In the beginning, in 1993, japan had 2.5 percent

unemployed people while at the same time, in USA situation was very tough as it had 7.0

percent unemployed hands. With certain fluctuations, over the years, japan has undergone

major changes in the rate of unemployment as people are losing jobs and getting

unemployed. On the contrary, USA is focusing on improving things and creating opportunities

for people to work.

Finally, the crux of the matter is USA has done a commendable work to improve the

employment rates whereas Japan needs to do the same for its natives.

B4T1TASK1



SOLUTION

An informative table is shared with us on poverty like the kinds of families who are facing the

challenges under the sword of poverty. The country is Australia and year is 1999. Around

eleven percent families are having the trouble by poverty.

The problem of poverty is severe with families in which single person without children and

sole parents are living and they are facing it like a challenge. They collectively constitute the

forty percent of total households affected.

Then couples with children are also in pain and undergoing the bad economic conditions.

They form twelve percent of the total effected population. Whereas, single aged person and

couple with no children are collectively form thirteen percent of the total figure. Least effected

are the families with aged couple at home as they are only four percent of the overall number.

As a conclusion, I can speak the issue of poverty is major one and it is profound in sole

parents and single person with no children sort of families.

B4T2TASK1

SOLUTION

We are nicely equipped with a graph and a pie chart where graph is showing the electricity

demands of a typical summer and winter day in England while the pie chart is telling us about

how this demand is distributed in various applications in a home. Data is of huge importance.

Obviously, the demand is more in winter days. In winters, for first three hours demands goes

up then it comes down for next five hours and then again, it climbs to its previous highest

level for four hours and then it becomes like constant for next seven hours and then in night it

reaches its peak level of 45000 units and then for the rest of the day it declines.

While in summers, for first nine hours, it goes down and after that it increases and touches

the optimum level of summers and with a curvature like pattern t again comes down for few

hours and then becomes almost constant with slight increase and again it shows a curvature

increase.

As far as the consumption of electricity is concerned, for heating purposes maximum

electricity is used in households. Almost it alone constitutes the half proportion. Almost equal

amount is used for entertainment and house cleaning applications, means to say, they both

consumes around fifteen percent energy. Food making and washing applications take

seventeen percent electricity.



Major use of electricity is in winters and heating applications are the major electricity suckers

in England.

B4T3TASK1

SOLUTION

We are given with clear chart on level of participation by males and females in various post

school qualification studies in Australia in the year 1999.

Skilled vocational diploma was most preferred by males; around 90% males chosen to do

this. Around 70% males were interested in post graduate diploma and it was their choice

number two. Then preference for master degree, bachelor’s degree and undergraduate

diploma decreased respectively with a level of 60%, 45% and 35%.

While in the case of females, undergraduate diploma was their most chosen option and

approximately, 70% of them went for this. Bachelor’s degree and master’s degree was opted

by 55% and 40% females respectively. Whereas 30% females took admission in post

graduate diploma and only 10% of the girls shown interest in skilled vocational diploma.

Diplomas are more liked by students in Australia in 1999 and skilled vocational diploma

attracted males while undergraduate diploma gave opportunity to females to grow more in life.

B4T4TASK1

SOLUTION

The given charts are effectively illustrating the number of visits by UK people and visits in UK

by other country people along with the preferences shown by UK people in terms of countries

to visit in the year 1999.

A noticeable thing coming from first chart is UK people have cultured to move abroad in last

20 years while people from other countries are not coming in UK with that rate and speed.

From 1979 to 1986, both parameters (visits in UK and visit by UK people) were increased

slightly but after that they kept on increasing and touched their final values. Like visits by UK

people took a value of 52 million annual while visits in UK took value of 28 million people.

UK people are passionate about France and apart from this; they are very interested in going

to Spain. Interestingly, their choice for USA, Greece and Turkey goes down respectively.

Means to say, turkey is less liked by them.

Almost four times more people from UK have started going abroad in past forty years and

France is their favorite destination.



B5T1TASK1

SOLUTION

For a span of hundred years, three countries Japan, Sweden and USA are taken to present

the population of people aged 65 and plus.

It is a matter of surprise that within 100 years the trend has totally reversed likewise japan had

least senior citizen but now japan is the topper, same has happened with Sweden and USA.

In japan, the population was almost same till 2000 even it went down during several years but

after 2030 it possessed rocket speed and touched a level of 27% of total population. Sweden

has shown a constant increase with every twenty years span and occupied a level of 25% of

total population with second position in the chart. Comparatively, USA has undergone many

changes in its behavior during the hundred years likewise first it increased moderately than

with more pace and then it went down and for next forty years it almost remained same after

2020, it acquired acceleration and touched the figure of 24% of total population.

Japan is having maximum grey population among three countries.

B5T2TASK1

SOLUTION

The given charts are of great importance as they are telling us about the main reasons of

study by different age group students and with this it is also given that how much support they

get from the employer at different levels.

As the age goes higher the main reason of study becomes personal interest of the student in

the study while career is the main reason of study for who study at younger stages.

Accordingly, students fewer than 26 study 80% of times for career whereas students over 49

study 70% of times because of interest.

The scenario of support from employer is quite interesting likewise students under 26 receive

around 60% help while proportion of help goes down when age goes up. Ironically, after 40

years of age if someone is interested to become a student then employer’s support again

rises.

Main reason for study is career for youngsters while interest is the cause because of which

elders pick books again in life at later stages.

B5T3TASK1

SOLUTION



For a town named Garlsdon, two proposed sites are given for establishing a supermarket. We

got an opportunity to estimates the positives and negatives of both locations.

Location S2 is quite suitable for housing communities as it is in the heart of the town. This

location comes under town center means it is no traffic area so crowd can move in a pollution

free area which is a great benefit and also it will be area of huge peace also due to its

absence of traffic. For both industrial areas this location has little worrisome as their

transportation system has to face the roads of residential areas while for location S1 industry

people and trucks have no issue of such kind. Railway facility is good for both locations.

Location S1 is special one means to say one has to specially go to there to shop. One

beautiful advantage of that would be they can take joy of long rides or drives.

For industry people and travelling lovers, location S1 is fruitful while location S2 is great for

housing communities.

B5T4TASK1

SOLUTION

A well done survey on underground railway systems is provided to us for six major cities of

the world likewise when they had first got the facility of underground railway and how many

passengers per year use it for these cities.

London is pioneer with the longest route of 394 kilometers with third largest population

coverage. Paris is the second blessed country that got this facility with second largest route

length of 199 also it is second largest in number of passengers. Interestingly, Tokyo had

started this facility in 1927 with a route length of 127 kilometers with largest population

coverage in the chart.

Washington DC in 1976 opened its door for this facility with a route length of 126 kilometers

with a passengers covering of 144 million per year while Kyoto had this system in 1981 and

Los Angles in 2001 but they have shorter route length however they are helping around 45

million people yearly by serving them.

Tokyo is facilitating maximum people in the world with its underground railway facilities.

B6T1TASK1

SOLUTION

We are wonderfully provided with a graph on worldwide usage of water with industry specific

data for a period of 100 years and a table with accurate figures is also given to us on

consumption of water by two countries for a year of 2000.



Most significant consumption of water is done by agriculture sector and it has shown a regular

increase from year 1960 to 2000 whereas before this span, it was showing consistency in its

consumption without much changes. Industrial and domestic sector are second and third

largest users of water respectively worldwide. It is a matter of surprise, all three sectors has

shown a confidence in their applications after the year 1960.

In Brazil the population is about 35times more than Congo and accordingly, its water

consumption per person is 45 times more. While the irrigation is 265 times more in Brazil so

they are using water for irrigation purposes as the trend of worldwide water usage also shown

us that maximum water is consumed in farming.

Population as well as farming is the main reason of high water consumption of Brazil in

comparison of Congo. And, agriculture is the dominant user of water globally.

B6T2TASK 1

SOLUTION

Accurate data of England is given to us on transformations in choices of people for modes of

travel for the period of fifteen years. Subtly all the options are mentioned which are used by

people as they travelling tools during the span.

Walking has somewhere lost its hold on people whereas bicycles have also shown a

weakening of interest in its use. One of the biggest gainers in the list is cars they have taken

more people in their influence within this time frame. Local buses have lost their popularity

while long distance buses came in picture with a strong entity in the market. Trains have done

a reliable job and with a promising figure they are standing firmly in the market. Taxis with

wide facilities have got the limelight and tripled their presence. Other means of transportation

have also caught the attention during this period.

Key players are cars, taxis and long distance buses. Average distance travelled by a person

in UK has increased meaningfully and with a considerable extent.

B6T3TASK1

SOLUTION

A crystal clear set of diagrams is presented in which first is telling us about the life cycle of a

silkworm while the other is giving us meaningful information about stages of silk cloth

production.

Life cycle of a silkworm is of seventy five days. From the egg, silkworm larva comes out within

ten days and stays alive on mulberry leaf. After one and half month, it gets transformed into



silk thread and then the stage comes of becoming cocoon which is further used in silk cloth

production. A cocoon within 16 days becomes a moth and further the cycle of egg giving

continues.

Talking about silk cloth production, by boiling cocoon in water we get unwind threads of length

300 to 900m and then we twist them together to make them strong and also at that stage we

go for dying the threads to give them different colors and with this we get threads for weaving

and finally we get clothes.

Starting from egg within four stages and a time of sixty days, we get cocoon which further

plays a vital role in giving us silk cloth.

B6T4TASK1

SOLUTION

The given charts are presenting (have presented) a significant awareness about the rate of

marriages and divorces along with marital status in America for a span of 1970 to 2000.

In the beginning years, marriages were two and a half from divorces and within next decade,

marriages remained same but divorces went up. From then to 2000, the rate of marriages is

coming down and finally it stayed up to a level of two million, while divorces are nearly same

in 1970, 1990 and 2000. Finally the thing is coming out that marriages are reduced

significantly in thirty years while divorces are at same level except in year 1980 when it had

shown a rise.

On the other side, when we look at marital status of Americans much of them are married

however the number has come down from 70 % to 60%. The people who never married have

increased marginally. Proportion of widowed people slightly reduced. A considerable change

has been observed in the volume of people who are divorced as they have increased up to 4

times.

Ultimately, the faith on relationships is decreasing and trend of marriage is becoming weaker.

B8T1TASK1

SOLUTION

The factors which are responsible in making agricultural land less productive worldwide are

given to us via pie chart and effect of these factors has shown via table in three main regions

of the world in 1990s.

Overgrazing is the leading factor that causing the land infertile. Secondary factor is

deforestation and over-cultivation is so close to it. If with proportion we talk about these



factors then overgrazing, deforestation and over-cultivation contributes in land degradation

35%, 30% and 28% respectively. Role of other miscellaneous factors are also there.

The table given is closely focusing on effect of these factors in North America, Europe and

Oceania regions of the world. Likewise, deforestation is major issue in Europe while it is not a

major one in other two areas. Over-cultivation is again more in Europe whereas North

America is also facing the same issue with less severity and parts of Australia and New

Zealand are free from it. Overgrazing is badly affecting Oceania while Europe is also getting

affected by it up to some extent whereas North America has also symptoms of this issue.

Europe is the area worldwide which is primarily facing the challenge of less productive

agricultural land.

B8T2TASK1

SOLUTION

The three given pie charts are clearly sharing the information about variation in annual

spending of a school over the period of twenty years. School is UK-based school.

Teachers’ salaries are the main area where school is investing maximum money. Likewise in

1981, it was 40% while in 1991, it was 50% and in 2001, it is 45%. In beginning furniture was

important then in middle it lost its importance but in recent years it is again becoming an

essential area that attracts appreciable investment. Investment on resources like books

increased from 15% to 20% from 1981 to 1991 but in 2001 it came down to a level of 9%.

Somewhere, school is giving importance to insurance because its share is increasing likewise

first it rose from 2% to 3% and in 2001, it reached to 8%. One more area is there where

school is investing a lot i.e. non-teaching staff salaries which is coming down every decade

likewise in 1981, it was 28% and in 1991, it remained only 22% and amazingly, in 2001, it

reached to a level of 15%.

Means to say, instead of huge changes in investment areas still salary of teachers, furniture

and non-teaching staff salaries are the major areas where money is used.

B8T3TASK1

SOLUTION

With the help of schematic diagrams, we are cleared about the process of cement making

and how further cement is used to make concrete.

In order to make cement, first limestone and clay is mixed and crushed with help of crusher to

get it in powder form further in a mixer it is mixed properly and sent to rotating heater with



high heat input as it comes out from heater, it is further grinding it ensure absolute powder

form of the mixture and then it is packaged into bags.

When it comes to make concrete from cement, small stones 50%, sand 20%, water 10% and

cement 15% is mixed with the help of concrete mixer and it is properly rotated for a particular

time and it gives concrete.

Relatively in making concrete production stage is one while in cement we have three stages

of manufacturing and also role of heat is quite main in cement making while in concrete no

role of heat is noticed.

B8T4TASK1

SOLUTION

In the given graph, four different modes of transportation are taken and it is shown that how

these modes contributed in goods transportation in UK for a period of twenty eight years.

Except rail, all other modes got confidence in their use throughout the span. Road

transportation was primary in the starting and also, in 2002, it is number one choice.

Ironically, graph of road has shown reduction two times and on same times, pipeline

transportation shown a promising increase. Use of pipelines has been constant with two times

increase and overall, its use is increased by twenty times. Rail has lost its popularity during

these years but still it managed to keep its initial level. People have shown a great faith in

water transport as its use has increased 1.5 times. From 1980 to 1998, use of water transport

remained constant.

While road and water transportation is on growth but pipelines got the limelight and attracted

a huge faith of people in its use.

B9T1TASK1

SOLUTION

We are nicely updated with the changes that occur in an island to make it a tourist spot. We

have got the opportunity to become witness of this wonderful transformation.

Earlier it had trees and empty green land but after the transformation, there are world class

entertainment and exploring facilities like restaurants, piers, ships, swimming, proper living

accommodation and a well-informative reception area for the island. Proper paths for foot-

walking and vehicle use are introduced to facilitate the smooth travelling of visitors on the

island. Commercially and heritage-wise the island has taken a shape of a spot which is best

suited for all kinds of visitors and explorers.



A proper planning is clearly seen from this transformation. There are immense new

possibilities generated within the island and it has become self-sufficient in all means.

A great lesson is coming out from this change that to make an area self -sufficient, enrich it

with better facilities for human beings to use and to get entertained.

B9T2TASK1

SOLUTION

Crystal clear chart with the information of total number of minutes spent in billions on

telephone by people in UK with three call types is presented. Span of seven years is taken.

From the year 1995 to 1999, local fixed line has reached its peak with gradual increase every

year and then it started coming down and in 2002, it came at a level where it started in the

beginning year 1995. On the other hand, national and international fixed line were at half level

than local fixed line in the starting year and then with marginal increase, it has reached up to

a level of 1.5 times higher than its initial value. While the mobile phones started from scratch

in the year 1995 have shown a regular increase till year 1998 but after this year, its popularity

touched the sky and its users spent time 20 times more than its initial value.

Mobiles phones are the primary gainers of the chart while local fixed lines are losing their

charm along with gradual increase in national and international fixed lines minute’s duration.

B9T3TASK1

SOLUTION

By the help of pie charts, we are clearly updated with ages of the population’s data of two

countries Italy and Yemen with actual figures of 2000 and with projected figures of 2050.

In 2000 the half population of Yemen is constituted by children while in Italy children are only

14.3 %. And the projection of 2050 shows that in Yemen, children will be considerably

reduced to 37% while in Italy children relatively less reduction will be observed in children.

Middle aged people are 46.5% in Yemen in 2000 while they are 61.6 in Italy that shows Italy

has more working hands. Surprisingly, in 2050, in Yemen, population of middle aged people

will go high with a level of 57.3% whereas in Italy, people of this age group will be far less with

a proportion of 46.2%. Grey population in Yemen in 2000 is much less with a level of 3.6%

while in Italy; they are quite considerable with a percentage of 24.1. The expected projection

of 2050 is showing that grey population will almost double in Yemen whereas in Italy, old

people will comprise a huge proportion of total population with a level of 42.3%.



In 2050, Yemen will be a country with more working people while Italy will be having quite

huge grey population.

B9T4TASK1

SOLUTION

A data of energy consumption in USA is shared with us in 2008 for a span of 50 years where

first 28 years data is real and later 22 years data is expected.

The most eye catching point is petrol and oil were taking maximum load in the beginning and

also they are at helm in 2030. These both have shown ups and downs in the first fifteen years

but after than they are on a regular increase. Natural gas was at place second while coal was

at third place but finally at the end they have interchanged their positions however the

difference in their usage is almost same as it was in beginning. The modern alternatives

likewise nuclear, solar and hydropower constitute a limited presence in the market and yes,

there is a positive increase in their usage but it is not significant as compare to petrol and oil,

coal and natural gas.

In nut shell, petrol and oil gas are the key sources as far as energy needs are concerned

while coal and natural gas are occupying second and third places.

Types of writing tasks 2

1. Agree / disagree

2. Discuss two opinions

3. Advantages / disadvantages

4. Opinion based essays

5. Problem based essays with causes and solutions, causes and effects

Step by step guide to write an incredible Task 2

3 vital parts of an effective task 2 are introduction, body paragraph and conclusion.

Introduction

1. Present some general or opening fact about the topic or subject

2. Use the art of paraphrasing the main statement



3. Give a thesis statement

Body paragraphs

1. Write 2 to 3 paragraphs to clear your stance

2. Each stanza must have a strong / main / central / controlling idea or argument

3. Supporting sentences to make your point further clear

Conclusion

1. Write a statement that concludes your point

2. Re-state your essay like the subject of task

3. Mention some idea like suggestion, concern and hope for the upcoming times / future.

Keep this in mind if you are serious about scoring 7+

1. Effective opening

2. Crystal clear conclusion

3. In-flow body structure

4. Lexicon / vocabulary / word power (10 words with less common usage)

5. Matching examples

6. Proper connectors between sentences

Some incredible samples of proper connectors

1. For starting: to begin with, to begin, to start, to initiate, primarily, first wording about it is,

the first and the foremost, first of all

2. More supporting ideas: in addition to, apart from it, moreover, furthermore, probing further,

to add to it, a parallel point, adding more to it, what is more

3. For comparing: whereas, however, while, in sharp contrast, on the other hand, on the flip

side, a darker view of this, another perspective, with an opposite view, on the opposite

corner

4. For ending: eventually, finally, in the end, at the end, with final words, lastly, in the last,

last but not the least

5. For personal opinions or views sharing: according to me, as per me, with my eye, from my

point of view, as per my opinion, my perspective on this, to my mind, as per my

conscience, as far as my knowledge is concerned

6. For impersonal views: it is quite evident, it is often said that, the popular belief / mindset

is, there are those who say / think / keep the opinion, some folks have the mindset of, it is

generally accepted that



7. For elaborating opinions: in other words, with a new approach, with a new window of

opinions, it means, it reflects, it highlights, it reveals, in simple words

8. For clarity: certainly, definitely, absolutely, without any doubt, needless to doubt, beyond

doubt, undoubtedly, for sure, with absolute certainty, it is crystal clear

9. For expressing cause: due to, because of this, that’s why, as a result of this, therefore,

henceforth, so , thus

10. For conclusion: as matter of fact, the bottom line is, to put this in a nutshell / to wrap / to

wind up / to revitalize, I pen down saying that, in conclusion, I pen down saying that, after

looking with the eyes of conclusion, I sum up by saying that, to cap it all, all in all, overall I

present my view like, after carefully looking at the pros and cons, I must say that

EVERGREEN SENTENCES FOR WRITING TASK 2 ESSAYS

1. There is a drastic change in each and every field due to rapid advancement in technology.

2. Due to fast advancement in technology, the pace of life has increased.

3. Modern technology has entered each and every field.

4. Modern technology has drastically affected the way of living.

5. The fast pace development today is bringing comforts and luxuries in life, bit is also has some

undesirable effects.

6. The standard of living and cost of living is increasing day by day.

7. As population is increasing, competition nowadays in each and every field.

8. There is a stiff competition nowadays in each and every field.

9. Due to advancement in technology, the world has become a smaller place.

10. People have become more materialistic and money minded.

11. We have now entered an age of globalization.

12. Although formal education begins in a classroom, home is the place where one learns the

lessons of life.

13. Home is the first school for all of us.

14. Education widens a person’s mental horizon.

15. Education is a must in today’s age.

16. In today’s age, it is necessary for each and every person to realize the value of education.

17. Education is a basic requirement to live a good life.

18. Schools are much necessary to make the base of the student strong.

19. In today’s era, man can withstand nowhere without education.

20. The world is becoming a global village.

21. Due to increased pace of life; life has become stressful.

22. Science has revolutionized each and every field.

23. Science has made a remarkable progress in each and every field.



24. Commercialization has grown rapidly in the modern era.

25. Science and technology go hand in hand.

26. This is an age of women’s liberation.

27. Women are stepping out of their houses.

28. Migration of people has become very common nowadays.

29. Looks are an important part of personality.

30. Trees are one of the major life supporting systems on the earth.

31. Hobbies are recreational activities pursued during leisure time.

32. Success means the ability to turn your dreams and goals into reality.

33. Change is a part of life and is always required for the progress of mankind.

34. Change is inevitable.

35. Childhood is supposed to be a worriless period of life.

36. Stress is a side effect of almost any kind of physical and mental exertion.

37. Knowledge is the best charity.

38. Life is a rollercoaster ride.

USE OF SOME POWERFUL WORDS:

Handicapped: without education, a man is handicapped

Debate/debatable: cloning is a debatable issue.

Controversial: reservation for women for higher posts is a highly controversial issue.

Burning issue: pollution is a burning desire.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR ESSAY WRITING

INTRODUCTION PHRASES:

I would like to agree to the view that…., to my mind……, to begin with….., by the advent of

globalization, privatization and liberation…., at the outset….., it is said that….., I would like to

establish that…., it is quite evident that…., in the light of…., taking into consideration….., to begin

with…., times have changed since…..

The first and foremost reason for….., in a global perspective….., first of all….., in this age of

aggressive materialism….., in this age of feminism…., in these days of individualism…., in these

days of rational thinking…., in this age of women empowerment…., in recent times…., these was

a time when….., thanks to globalization…., keeping human rights in mind…., when considering

the environmental issues…., history shows instances of…..,

PHRASES FOR CITING EXAMPLES:

For instance…., in this context….., to give a specific example…., I would like to cite…., to illustrate

this…., to quote Socrates…., as Gandhi has stated….., may I quote………, according to….., in

addition to that……, to substantiate my view, I would like to cite the example of….



ASSORTED EXAMPLES:

From my point of view…, I think…, I presume that, I assume that…, in my view…., it seems to me

that…., of late…., generally speaking….., in a global perspective…, in general…., on the whole…,

in any given period of time…, to clarify…., to explain…., to paraphrase…., I absolutely agree…., a

agree to the view that…., personally, I tend to think…., I am not so sure that…., I actually think….,

in course of time…., in due course…, ten years down the line…, in connection with…., while there

are argument in favor of…., after the collapse of communism…, even though…, in pursuit of

happiness....,the ultimate purpose of life…., I tend to think that…..

The influence of media has…., it can be argued that…., some believe that…. To improve the

quality of life…., decades back…, craze for riches…, impulsive actions make us repent many a

time, because…, success and failure are but….., the more…. The more…., when we read

between the lines…., the motive at this juncture……….., a word of caution…..,

While working from dawn to dusk………, in the ultimate analysis…., as women started to seek

jobs…., by and by….., in the developing nations….., gone are the days when…., these are the

days when….., it is of utmost importance….., it is a kind of wild justice to…., by the shift of

priorities…., as far as brain drain is concerned…..,

PHRASES TO CONTRAST:

On the other hand…., contrary to that………, in other words…., curiously enough…., however…,

ironically enough….., nevertheless….., on the contrary….., otherwise, unlike, with due respect

to………., in spite of……, alternatively…., although, it is paradoxical that….., nonetheless…., in

spite of the fact that……., to approach it from the other angle….,

PHRASES TO FURTHER SUPPLEMENT:

To supplement to this view…., another example would be…., another reason is that…., lst but not

the least…., moreover…., with a view to….., in memory of….., at the instance of…..

PHRASES TO SHOW DEDUCTIONS:

In simple words…., in the objects analysis…., nevertheless…, after studying these arguments and

counter arguments…., I would like to infer that…………., curiously enough….., despite the fact

that…., in any given period of time….., above and beyond….., as a result…., because of……..,

having a myopic outlook…., consequently…., for this reason…., hence…., in the in-depth

analysis…., owing to….., quite evidently….., therefore…., as such…., thus, cultural shock can be

reduced if……., our observations on life show that…………..

PHRASES TO CONCLUDE:

To put it in a nutshell, to conclude, in conclusion, let us come to a conclusion that, to summarize,

therefore, let us conclude that.., having examined the pros and cons, I would like to establish

that….., conclusively …., eventually…., finally, in brief, in short, in summary, to cap it all, to sum

up, thus, let us arrive at an inference…………..



Marking policy for a writing task 2 of level 7 band (taken from IDP and BC websites)

Criteria IELTS band 7 description

Task achievement 1. Addresses all parts of the task

2. Presents a clear position throughout the response

3. Presents, extends and supports main ideas

Coherence and cohesion 1. Logically organizes information and ideas / a clear

progression throughout

2. Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately

3. Presents a clear central topic within each

paragraph

Lexical resources 1. Uses a sufficient range of vocabulary

2. Uses less common lexicon words

3. Occasional errors in word choice, spelling or word

formation

Grammatical range and accuracy 1. Uses a variety of complex sentences

2. Produces frequent error-free sentences

3. Good control of grammar and punctuation but may

take a few errors

STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR BEGINNER’S TO WRITE A TASK 2 TO SCORE 7+

Formats of various tasks types:

Format of discuss essays

Introduction

(General facts)

1. It is quite evident that……………………………..

2. It is needless to say that……………………………..

3. It is irrefutable that……………………………………..

4. One cannot deny from the fact that………………………..

5. Obvious it is in first sight that………………………………..

6. It goes without saying that………………….

(Paraphrasing)

1. A particular segment of society believes that……………

Or some individuals opine that…………………….

Or there are those who say that……….



Or there are people who have the mindset that….

Or a particular segment of society / locality tend to believe that…………

2. While, others opine that…………………..

Or on contrary, some believe that……..

Or in sharp contrast, others tend to think that….

Or however, a counter argument is that………..

(Thesis statement)

1. Both the opinions have

Solved examples

Solved sample 1

There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the

traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard

everywhere nowadays?

Introduction

Opening statement

Music is a medicine that refreshes the mind. Music is a teacher that teaches without giving

the impression to us like we are being taught by it. As the human race has expanded its

horizons, it is quite natural to have a huge variety of expressions in musical terms. There

are hundreds types of music all over the world. Artists are creating wonders every day. Music

is life in itself. Music fellows serve the world so creatively and joyfully. I would like to

explicate it at length in following paragraphs.

Body para 1

We need music as it charges us, it provides us new meanings, and it enlightens us if it is

based on true and strong cultural foundations. Music connects us. Music makes us wider

and open in terms of thinking, expression, feelings, knowledge and self-realization.

Music is a great way of connecting to our own selves in a positive and peaceful way.

Body Para 2

We have a huge range in music because of enormous diversity in the cultures of human

existence all over the world. We have traditional touch based music along with international

ones. Traditional music explains the minuteness of the culture belonging to a particular



area. It is very imperative to care traditional artists. They are our legacies. They are

preserving our cultures for the future generations.

On the other hand, international music has developed a lot and it is showing amazing

possibilities to traditional artists also. It is of great value if we establish a productive

correlation between both musical tastes. They both have ideas and ability to touch the

hearts of masses. Both music types have their own pluses and minuses for each other.

Conclusion

Type 1

After the overall analysis, it can be concluded that International music is full of limitless

touches of creativity and purity but at the same time, one must bother his traditional and

cultural music.

Type 2

It is our urgent responsibility to foster our traditional folks and encourage them to learn

from international rock stars. Music has no boundary so every artist should be welcomed at

every corner of the world.

Solved sample 2

Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing

such things as food and education? Or it is the responsibility of the governments of poorer

nations to look after their citizens themselves?

Introduction (general fact + paraphrasing + thesis statement)

If one is rich then it is obviously his duty to share the secrets of his richness among

others. This situation is also aptly applicable to wealthy nations who have strengthen

themselves over the years and presented themselves as the assets for the whole world. As

the question of sharing food and educational resources is concerned, surely, wealthy nations

should initiate this noble practice. Sharing is a powerful activity which actually strengthens

both parties.

A huge step towards development of poorer nations can be taken by enriching them in the

area of education as Nelson Mandela nicely elaborated this point when he said that to

enhance a person, educate him. With the help in education, rich nations will open the way of

long term and permanent prosperity for poorer nations.



Food is also a major area where poorer nations need real help and by taking strong actions,

wealthy nations can truly develop the needy countries in the field of basic food security of

their citizens. Both areas are quite important to focus to elevate the masses of poorer nations.

One should focus beyond the help of wealthy nations for needy ones; it is also a primary

responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to think deeply about how they can make

themselves strong in basic walks of development. Apart from taking help in food and

education, poorer countries must focus on making long term growth policies for their citizens

with the worthy guidelines of wealthy nations.

Concept of helping poorer nations in food and education sectors by wealthy nations is of great

importance in all dimensions and creates a win-win platform for both parties.

Solved sample 3

News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What

factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news? Would it

be better if more good news was reported?

It is always better to monitor news before it goes to public domain. As India is a grand country

with a huge viewers and readers base for media. Somewhere news presenters have a key

responsibility of reflecting the world in a respectful, clear, meaningful and informative way.

The process of collecting news and presenting it with proper processing to the world is very

labor-cum-care intensive work. It is quite obvious to have a close check on final news those

are going in the masses.

There are several factors that highly contribute in this regard likewise the popularity of the

stuff among viewers and readers, social relevance of the material, meaningful insight of the

work and effect of the matter after publishing. Nicely this work is being done by news editors

on different platforms in various categories. Of course, it is of huge worth to monitor the

quality of the stuff before allowing it for the common man.

As it is a trend that one is very much vulnerable to negative news and somewhere this

psychology is purposefully exploited by the news editors. On T.V. and print media, it has now

become a trend that present negative news and become popular. This trend is not a good one

for a responsible nation and for an ethical media organization. We need to reconsider the kind

of news that we broadcast in the public. Certainly, it will create powerful impact on the social

psychology and will bring a productive mindset in the people. Media should take active

participation in sharing positive, powerful, meaningful and enlightening news more in the

public to maintain its respectful position in the eyes of the people.

Solved sample 4



The ideas of having a single career is becoming an old fashioned one. The new fashion will

be to have several careers or ways of earning money and further education will be something

that contains throughout life.

The mindset of having more than one career is certainly a great mindset and it enriches the

person with different types of life experiences. Today, people are getting clearly the trap of

security within a career and now choosing to explore life in an open way with an ideology of

making new experiments with career. Obviously, with options of career, one becomes more

exploring and creative.

Moreover, the mentality behind the meaning of career has also changed, earlier people were

looking career as a way of earning livelihood but now people are curious to fill their lives with

meanings and continuous learning along with positive contribution for mankind. People are

choosing to serve mankind with the help of career. They are defining careers as a ladder to

explore their own powers and talents.

People of today are very much excited about challenging careers. They are highly aimed at

things that make them stretch and elevate themselves. The concept of finding careers that

suits and fills the inner desire of a person is really powerful. History is evident that when a

person starts looking for a career that makes him happy from physical, spiritual, financial,

personal and social aspects, he naturally lives a fulfilled life.

Yes, it is also meaningful to understand the true meaning of education. Earlier people used to

think that education is an outer game and it is all about learning external world but today

mindset of people have changed and they have started connecting education with exploration

of their inner resources on consistent basis.

So the powerful concept of having more than one career option is commendable and it

enables a person to explore his inner resources beyond the predictions.

Solved sample 5

“Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood. The idea that women are

solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the idea that they

are also responsible for bringing the children up.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?

Father has his unique role while mother has her own vital role in the meaningful upbringing of

a child. Both parties have responsibility to give their child an exciting perspective towards life

as he grows up. Somewhere, the huge responsibility is always played by the mother while



father is considered the main earning hand of the family and because of this, he is kept away

from the minute responsibilities of children nurturing.

There are several factors that decide like whether the key role will be played by the mother or

the father. In a family, its earning power, educational background, openness to new cultures,

and mutual coordination among each other, family legacy and size of the family are very

much responsible in telling that whether the father will be the vital or the mother will be the

caption.

Males and females both have their perception levels regarding how life works and how things

contribute in life at different stages and they both are totally capable in giving their child new

and meaningful eyes. Mothers give birth to babies and do all necessary physical sacrifices for

their children just to ensure a smooth arrival of baby in the world. Mothers do grand

contribution in the birth of a child but it never means that they are solely responsible for all

decisions regarding the future of the child. It will be quite meaningful if mothers and fathers

create a significant balance in the upbringing activity.

It is like mutual cooperation situation as they both are in the game of family evolution and they

both can play amazingly great if they respect each other’s role with genuine concern. Here,

fathers are required to take the main stage in this whole process so that mothers can be

helped significantly in all this.

Solved sample 6

“Prevention is better than cure.”

Out of a country’s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to

spending on health education and preventive measures.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?

A sound health reveals a well-educated and worthy portrait of a person. Out of all precious

blessings of life, health is the primary one. One must not overlook his health. When we call

health is important obviously we point out certain lifestyle ways and eating habits that matters

most in maintaining a strong and active body.

Certainly, I am agreeing the concept of proactiveness. One should be proactive in his

approach. One should be crystal clear in is mind that he is going to live in such a manner that

gifts him a fitness based and active lifestyle.

One more thing is there that every disease lies in the way we live our daily routine. Likewise,

what we eat, how we eat, how much we eat, how many times we eat, the quality of food that

we take, the level of work we do, the primary of purpose of our life, the work schedule that we



follow and naturally, the self-image of ours about ourselves, are the responsible factors that

affect a person’s health. When one goes out of shape in his fitness then he looks like a

handicap but when he has a choice to do or not to do the things that adversely affect him, he

must show a proactive approach.

A country should consciously invest substantial money on expanding health awareness and

elevating the native’s mindset towards the healthy lifestyle because by doing so, a country

can save billions and those billions can be productively invested into other meaningful areas

for an exponential growth of that nation.

Solved sample 7

Without capital punishment (the death penalty) our lives are less secure and crimes of

violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society.


Every coin has two facets. As far as proper controlling of crimes is concerned, there are

several factors that matters most. Likewise, the criminal’s background, the magnitude of

crime, social effect of crime, damage to the victim, intentions of the criminal, impression of law

and order of the area are the genuine factors that contribute a lot.

Certainly, a penalty of capital punishment is must if the crime really does impact the mindset

of masses badly. In that situation, it becomes urgent to leave an impression for others as well

that such things will not be tolerable in future. Because, law is there to empower the nation, to

strengthen the faith of its citizens in the system and to safely serve the nation. It must be very

clear that if severity of a crime is at peak then decision like capital punishment is quite

justified.

Exactly, the decision of capital punishment is inspired with the approach of leaving a fear in

the minds of people about law and order. Up to certain extent, it is obviously right to behave

like this for the uneducated and unaware natives of a country to maintain their safety and

security level.

There is another possible approach for controlling violence in the society and that is sending

the criminals in a tough lifestyle where there mind could be washed and they can be turned

up into meaningful approach however this requires a focused and well planned action but

impacts will be astounding and mass thinking touchable.

A country should go for capital punishment like death penalty for severe cr imes that

powerfully contribute in disturbing the peace of the nation but it also have some alternative



approach for improving the mindset of criminal by giving them a specific lifestyle for years

under close monitoring so that they can be transformed into worthy citizens.

Solved sample 8

The position of women in society has changed markedly in the last twenty years. Many of the

problems young people now experience, such as juvenile delinquency; arise from the fact that

many married women now work and not at home to care for their children.


One cannot deny from the truth that position of women has transformed totally in the society

and it is bringing certain positives and negatives. When we put light on the negatives then

things like lost childhood of family kids and involvement of family kids in unproductive and

society harmful things, primarily come into the mind. Somewhere the culture that women

empowerment and active involvement of females has brought a meaningless attitude of family

kids for society.

It is of huge worth to have a mother at home specially to guide and to nurture the kids in a

meaningful way. Somewhere, when kids do not get love and attention from their own family

they start thinking about means of getting attention and certainly love from outside. Feelings

of such kinds do not come in a day, it takes years to make kids ready to commit such socially

harmful stuff and making them available for youngsters crimes and bad things.

Mainly the thing responsible for such behavior of adults is lack of unconditional love from their

own family and role of mother in imparting devoted love to her kids is primary. When a kid

gets respect and love from his mother, he automatically understands the meaning of life. He

grows up with such feelings like I should do something good for others and I should do some

creative things for my country but when these things are absent from his upbringing, he

naturally incline himself to violence and addictions.

There is a mandatory need of mothers love in the life of children to make them aware about

powerful feelings like respect for others life, spreading love in the society and respect for

others safety and security.

Solved sample 9

Popular events like football world cup and other international sporting occasions are essential

in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?



It is quite imperative to consider the impact which international sports events create among

participating countries. Closeness between people of two countries breeds emotional

understanding of each other’s true feelings. Once they start interacting or meeting to each

other on such events naturally they realize that there is nothing in between us which is hostile

apart from utter misunderstandings.

Certainly, the atmosphere such events generate, is beyond any national boundaries and

religious limits. Sometimes, it happens that people start appreciating other countries just

because of their sportsmen and their sports spirit. Even, it is noticed almost in every game

that in the winning moments, everyone watches the game by completely associating

themselves with the true spirit of victory and defeat.

Because of their forming histories and political reasons, there are always tensions going on in

between many countries and it becomes essential in such environment that there should be

some platform where people can interact and know each other. Because the common man of

any country does not keep any ill feeling for the common man of other country. It is media and

political people that look the situation in other ways and fills the minds of common man with

worry and insecurity. Within such climate, sports and international events are a panacea to

ease the tensions.

Meaningful and of huge importance goes to popular events in lightening the tensions and

heavy emotions that people worldwide carry for other countries.

Solved sample 10

When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is

pointless to try and keep them alive.


It is quite obvious that for the arrival of new old has to go. There is no bad lie in this as human

beings are continuously evolving themselves. To make progress, one has to redefine the

things in non-stop manner. It is certainly true that when a country plans out to grow in the field

of its basic infrastructure and facilities with the help of technology then simply it has to empty

itself from old ways of doing same things.

Now the question is, whether this evolution costs much or it is quite compulsory to move

ahead. As far as, progress is making life effective and complete, it is totally acceptable and

adaptable. With passage of time and population boom somewhere, it has become necessary

to update our systems of doing things. People are now looking at fast ways of getting facilities

and they are not in a mood to wait even for routine things of life. To cope up the needs of

people, a huge emergence of newness in technology requires.



At present times, systems of providing basic facilities has become so fast and accurate and

somewhere they are serving masses properly as well. Yes, the concept of dying traditional

ways is also of worth because somewhere old ways give us the ideas for reinventing the

things. And also, one must respect the oldness to celebrate and explore the endless

possibilities that lie in the new.

To keep the old ways alive is completely needless but taking constant ideas from traditional

theories to innovate the system is quite imperative.

Solved sample 11

In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this

as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for

learning and taking responsibility.


Very true it is, like when a child works, he sees the world in a different and responsible way.

Doing work installs certain meaningful human values in children. Both aspects are associated

with the concept of children paid working.

The first perspective is about the positives of this situation. Likewise, children become more

open, creative, worthy, dutiful, disciplined, cultured, responsible and contributing towards the

society. They get to know about how to survive and how to grow in the world. They make

themselves self-dependent. They buy freedom when they work with earning money and

earning experience opportunities. They learn the language of real world. They learn the power

of efforts, the power of consistent growth and the power of gradual learning in long term

evolution.

Somewhere, this culture also inspires children to become more open and interactive with the

outside world in quite young age. They start thinking in mature manner for the world and for

their role in the world.

Yes, there is also a second road to this situation and this is about making the children

matured people quite early and losing their childhood joys and colors. Education becomes

very rare for a child if he has deeply immersed in earning atmosphere and later, he might end

up into a low paying job lifetime. Stress is also more in children who work and study at same

time. Natural lifestyle is quite rare for such children and somewhere it disturbs their progress

as a worthy and asset-like person at later stage.

Situation is having both aspects still the one with paid work that provides an essential life skill

quite early is more attractive.



12

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of

poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more

responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you

agree or disagree with this opinion?

To develop any nation, it is quite essential to strengthen its basic body’s like health,

education, technology and trade. Standing firmly in case of a nation requires a lot effort on

basics. If a country is due to any reason is unable to focus on these fronts then its disaster is

guaranteed. Now the question of help comes. Wealthy nations are wealthy because they

have given time to themselves for becoming strong entities in these basic infrastructural

areas.

Certainly, governments of developed nations should come forward to establish a strong

fundamental development model in needy countries. Of course, there are platforms globally

which are making things better for poorer countries every day. The thing is clear that if

wealthy countries focus more on making needy countries strong then an atmosphere of

peace, mutual respect, global growth and strong sense of one world can be established.

Policies of developed countries can be adopted within the close monitoring of their officials to

empower the economy of a poor country. Somewhere, the basic purpose of globalization is

same likewise countries will make each other strong and take full advantage of each other’s

expertise. There are resources available in poorer countries, those are waiting for people of

developed countries to make them globally useful and expecting to get powerful returns for

their countries.

Sharing is always better and wealthy countries are better in many ways and surely, they must

undertake the responsibility of paving the way for needy nations and they should do this with

integrity, with a sense of cooperation and with the vision of global growth.

13

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media

communication information. State the three that you consider to be the most effective.

Comic’s books radio television film theatre

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own

knowledge or experience.



As far as media platforms for communicating information are concerned, there are few

important parameters associated to it. The medium should be of interest to masses, it should

be interactive and it should cover the information in an interesting manner.

Throughout the course of history, films have been a powerful media. A lot of creativity and

technology is amazingly mixed together that entertains and empowers the audience. Films

attract the masses. They emotionally and intellectually convey the message. Almost every

single person is connected to films in some way.

A second large channel of sharing information with the crowd is books. Books contain the

entire development of human race. They amazingly educate as well as entertain. Books share

culture, ideas, thinking, progress and evolution. Every single person comes in contact with

books either at school level or throughout out his life due to his interest in lifelong learning.

A very creative and active platform of sharing updates and developments in the course of

human history is through theatre. Theatre always has been a source of deep motivation as

well as a clear communication. Artists do wonder when they perform and along with their

acting the viewer’s empower themselves.

It is very essential to choose an interactive communication channel to get updates and

motivation about the world around us. Of course there are several platforms to perform this

task. But the power of films, books and theatre is eye opening. As they educate us with

entertainment and give no feeling of classroom teaching.

14

Happiness is considered very important in life. Why it is difficult to define?

What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge

or experience.

Happiness in not everything in life but it is the main thing of life. With happiness, everything

looks great and without it everything looks incomplete. One strange thing about it is, one

cannot define happiness in a line or in a specific ways because happiness is a combination of

many things. Again, it depends and varies person to person that how one interprets the

meaning of it.

Certainly, happiness is a combination of factors like what a person is chasing in life, how he is

looking at life, how much satisfied he is from his works, what kind of family relationship he is

enjoying, how he is looking at his role in the world and his personal awareness of his inner

power. One more interesting aspect of happiness is it changes time to time likewise if a



person is establishing himself then somewhere his happiness is associated with his efforts

and his outcome in that endeavor.

When we talk about the primary principles of getting happiness, we come to the points like

one should have a vision in his life, one should be socially responsible, one should always

learning about his career, one should be active and polite in his routine life, one should

always willing to help others and one should be always focused on getting better every day

from his own previous records. Happiness is a way of life. It is hidden in the philosophy of a

person’s approach towards life. Happiness is something which is hard to generalize but still

one can make efforts to define certain things which matters in getting happiness when we talk

about happiness at large.

Happiness is the back bone of a fulfilled life and it should not only be the goal of life but it

should be the living philosophy of life.

15

Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in

words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no

government restrictions on what they do.


Artists are the living angels on earth. It is so true, artists communicate feelings of masses with

love, creativity and respectfully. Every artist serves his art by actively pursuing it with passion,

dedication, respect and sense of unconditional devotion.

A free hand for artists is must. As the artist is part of society, they should be fly like open birds

in the sky of their creative fields. With freedom, creativity explodes. With personal liberty of

expression, an artist put his ultimate art in his work. True artists are true because they always

keep this in mind that they are servers of their art as well as servers of mankind. They

perform to love, to open the minds, to respect mankind and to salute the great god who has

gifted them with immense talent.

Limitless attitude of government for artists is also important because artists present a real

picture of the society. They help us in finding where the improvement is required or exactly

where we stand currently. Once artists feel like they are free to express themselves, they

create masterpieces. One more thing is artists contribute meaningfully in the evolution of

mankind.

Yes, it is also necessary to define certain limits on expression of artists. As far as, the matters

of vulgarity, senseless presentation and emotional disrespect are concerned; creative artist



should be under check for their works. Artists on their own should feel responsible and strong

part of society in establishing a culture of mutual respect and humility.

Artists are the creative angels of god and they are must for creative flow of culture and loving

vibrations.

16

In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.

What do you think are the main causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge

or experience.

How true it is, we get respect with direct proportion of our behavior to others. When students

behave in a rude way or in an irresponsible way then of course it is hard to deal the same for

the school authorities. Once we go in introspection of the causes of such temperament of

students towards school management then particularly attitude of today’s student comes in to

lime light.

Attitude of a student is formed by various things like his family background, mutual respect of

his family for him, his self-image, his personal targets in life, teacher’s attitude towards him

and his active participation in studies. By taking into account all these primary factors, the

picture goes clear about the current disposition of students into school premises.

We live in a world of cause and effect, students are not solely responsible for this deviation in

behavior, and a dedicated approach from the side of family and school authorities is required

in this to make the things easy and on their place. Parents should take initiative to spend time

purposefully with their kids to understand them and to encourage them towards a love based

and peaceful life.

Teachers also play a vital role in life of students in shaping their destinies and in helping them

in becoming a meaningful and asset like for their nation. Teachers should come forward to

foster a healthy self-esteem in students so that they can start respecting themselves and

should embark living a value based and morally respectful life.

More than students themselves, their families and teachers are quite responsible for taking

them on a place where they are right now. With collective responsibility they can make the

picture beautiful.

17

Universities should accept equal number of male and female students in every subject.




The world has always been male dominated. It is very clearly seen that males are

encouraged more to pursue education and to get employed with that quali fication. Good

news, from recent years, is coming from every corner of the world that females are also

walking with same marching on the path of education along with males. Universities are

preferred by females to study after finishing the basic schooling. There are several factors

within the family that decide whether a male or female candidate will move to higher

education or not.

As far as, the role of university is concerned, it should open his arms equally for both sexes.

By giving same respect and welcome to both sexes, universities will also promote the sense

of equality among students. It will also increase the effective competition between students.

Everyone is free to fly in today’s time so it is quite natural that universities should take the

equal intake of males and females. Moreover, there are certain fields where both sexes can

do wonder like software industry, thinking based jobs and behavioral skills based jobs so they

both should get the opportunity. Every subject is great if greatly pursued so it should be an

open opportunity for males and females to go for it.

Apart from taking care about sense of equality, it is also important to keep in mind certain

things about opening a subject for both sexes. Like there are subjects in which naturally

males are comfortable or interested and vice versa for females. They are certain subjects in

which males and females are required as per their natural talents so automatically in those

subjects there would be a misbalance in strength of students.

Still it is right to open arms for both sexes with equal love on the part of university.

18

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between

finishing high school and starting university studies.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

How true it is, every coin has two facets. It is great to have a gap between studies when a

student finishes his high school and choose to have some practical eyes for his coming life.

Working or travelling to explore the things turns experiences into meaningful life lessons for

someone who has just completed his high school.

A great quote from a leading thinker is, if a person has not travelled across the world then he

allowed his third to stay closed. With travelling or working routine, a student gets ideas on



how to behave in a practical world, how to present himself to others, how to search a lifestyle

for coming life and of course, how to choose an identity for his rest of life.

One more perspective is there behind the notion of working before entering into university

which is when a student chooses to work and with this; he somewhere enables himself to

utilize the education of his schooling into practical substance. Automatically, he comes in a

position to take an unbiased decision for his rest of life.

Certainly, there are also ill points of the same situation and they are likewise if a student

chases a work culture or a travelling experience then he may or may not be return back to his

educational career. Moreover, if he chooses working for some organization, he may miss the

joy of senior qualification and corresponding job opportunities. There are chances for him to

turn into low paying jobs for rest of his life if once he chooses to go for money at that stage.

The best thing about choosing to work and travel before embarking university studies is it will

bless the pupil a third and real eye to view the practical world. It is a great option to choose.

19

Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged.

Others believe that children who are taught to cooperate rather than compete become

more useful adults.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinions.

Competition is really a powerful tool to inspire children to grow more and evolve more in all

walks of life. Sense of competition instills a powerful and positive spirit to learn more things in

children. Of course, if competition is healthy, productive and leaning focused then it is of high

value. Sometimes, children go beyond their regular limits in various areas of their lives just

because of other successful examples of that area.

As far as competition is providing ability, learning, skills, confidence, depth and maturity, it is

really of great value. Sometimes, it is seen because of unnecessary competition, children do

damage their neutrality and creativity.

Every child is unique and full of infinite unknown or unexplored talents. It is not good to throw

him in the fire of competition without analyzing the possible consequences of the same.

Another perspective for children is, installing a sense of cooperation in them. To live in a

peaceful and continuous growth oriented world, it is of huge importance that children in the

school age must learn how to share and how to make a healthy cooperation based deal to

others. It is a powerful feeling that is life transforming. As in society, we all are interdependent

so it is urgent to understand mutual feeling and provide adequate support.



This is of quite significant use to have a young nation of mutually respect based spirit with a

great attitude of mutual cooperation. In a nutshell, competition is essential to grow and to

expand as far as it is healthy, productive, learning based and positive. Along with this,

creating adults with an attitude of mutual cooperation is equally fruitful.

20

Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence

on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.

Which do you consider to be the major influence?

Natural is natural. Of course, the DNA plays its role. The heredity has its own influence. The

birth situations and mindsets of parents of an infant clearly play a crucial role in deciding his

personality later. Likewise, a child has taken birth in a creative, cultural and awareness based

atmosphere automatically he will be a responsible, polite, caring, self -dependent sort of

person in his young age.

And of course, what happens mostly, the talent with which a child takes birth, he don’t update

or hone his talent and remain limited in his thinking and influence. Somewhere, it is important

to have a balance between the gifted talent and skills that a person acquires in his lifetime.

Really, it is of huge importance that happens to us in lifetime. Some incidents shape us

completely and transform our mindset. And the ability to interpret those accidents is naturally

gifted to us and sometimes we acquire that capacity with sufferings.

It is a proper equation balancing between what is natural and what is acquired in lifetime. As

you come with a specific trait due to your family legacy so that will be a part of your

personality lifetime and it is up to you, how you utilize that in shaping your life. On the other

hand, certainly, what goes around us sticks to us. So nurturing has its own impact. History

has proved that people with average gifted skills but with rigorous hard work along with

learned skills like service to society, continuous betterment in capacity to learn, explore and

evolve, had transformed their signatures into autographs.

Natural with nurturing based stuff does the wonder. Both have their importance. Certainly,

nurturing is primary in shaping a person’s destiny through his lifetime.

21

Today the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and

not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.




Advertisement is a great thing when it meaningfully communicates the positive and productive

aspect of a product or a service but the same advertisement becomes a caution when it

unnecessarily creates an illusion in the mind of consumer. Yes, of course, advertisement is

playing a key role in today’s world in opening the minds of people about the new possibilities

of a product or a service.

Both perspectives have their own significance on their own. First, I will honestly express my

ideas on how advertisement is proving itself as an asset in mass media. In the world of cut

throat competition and in the presence of hundreds of products in the market, a well-designed

and properly conveyed advertisement reflects the plus points of a product for that it is

designed.

Moreover, advertisement is great in case of consumer goods as they are useful in our routine

practices and they make us aware about the essential features of goods so that one can take

an insightful decision about buying of them.

On the contrary, one cannot deny from the fact that sometime advertisement are far away

from reality and they successfully create an illusion and misconception. What happens is,

people are emotionally charged and pumped up to but things that they actually do not need at

all. Most of the people automatically get caught in the creative trap of massive and repeated

ad commercials. It is true, up to certain extent, advertisements are forcing people to buy or

creating a false need among consumers and they start feeling like they must need this and

without the purchase of this their life is incomplete.

Both aspects are vital to consider, but meaningful part is advertisement empowers the

customers when they communicate productively and meaningfully about a product or a

service.

22

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and

behavior. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural

differences.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

When you go to some country, you go with a clear intention of exploring new possibilities and

new opportunities of looking at life. When you travel you learn a lot. But also, there are certain

things which you should keep in mind to ensure your success in your mission of expanding

your conscience about how things work in that country.



The primary thing for a visitor is to follow the code of conduct of that country to positively mix

with the local culture and tradition. Here is a truth also; once you respect others automatically

you get respect from others. In a position of mutual respect, both parties win. With the

intention of respect and appreciation for the host country’s culture and disposition, the visitor

will be benefitted more and will come back with a huge collection of happy memories.

Intention should be of knowing things with an eye of great regard for the host country people

and places.

A different perspective on the same topic is the host country should also be willing to accept

the cultural difference in a meaningful way and they should be open to learn new concepts if

they found the opportunity of such kind. It’s all about openness and willingness of two parties

about each other if they both want to make winners out of themselves.

A difference of language, eating style, clothing, perceptions and geographic diversity is quite

obvious between two different nations and in this situation, it is an ethical and moral duty of

both parties that they should respect and welcome the differences creatively.

Respect from both sides is must to ensure a proper exchange of worthy cultures and

traditions.

23

Today the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and

not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.


There is no doubt that advertisement industry is on fire in today’s time. Products and services

are defined and presented in such a way; it creates a temptation in the minds of people that

they must buy these things. Advertisement is a powerful tool of telling the concept of a

product likewise what it is, how it works and how it adds values in the life of users.

One of the fastest growing industry all over the world is advertisement one. There are

companies in the field of consumer goods like LG, WHIRLPOOL, GODREJ, SAMSUNG, IFB

and HAIER who invest billions annually on telling people about their products worldwide. One

cannot ignore the excess of ads and somewhere, ads are controlling various television

platforms like daily television serials, sports events, reality shows and movies.

It is so true that some ads reveal a picture of products that is far from their actual need and

desire. The whole concept of making ads is based on the generation of lack feeling in the

mind of consumer that arrives after watching the ad.



On the contrary, ads are meaningfully creating huge awareness about new technology and

new offerings in the market just to make the life of people easy and fast. Worldwide lots of

people are working days and nights to create magical presentation of product and services to

make sure that people should take the message behind the ad. One more thing, there are

numerous products in the market so somewhere people also need powerful means to know

which one suits their needs well.

Ads play primary role in sharing meaningful things about latest offerings in the market but

when ads are bombarded like anything they create a baseless need in the minds of people.

24

Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.

Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.


Change is always hard at first, messiest in the middle but gorgeous at the end. It is powerfully

said by motivational industry genius Robin Sharma. It is so true that people avoid change in

life without knowing that change is the only thing in life that is inevitable. Change is hard

because it needs constant upgradation of lifestyle and living etiquettes.

People avoid change and choose to live same life over and over again. Such people start

blaming life for not giving them enough opportunities to grow and to expand. It is totally

senseless to live a life of no change and expecting nice things in days to come.

On the contrary, there are people who respect change in life and always eager to change for

better things and results. Change is constant and they get it. Everyday life sends new

opportunities to everyone but the people who love to change and to update themselves are

the ones who embrace these awesome prospects. Change is always great and provides new

possibilities of how things can be and how meaningful life can become.

One must recognize change as inevitable part of life and should ready himself every time to

grab the infinite opportunities that change carries within itself. People who change with time

and love change are the people who are not much liked by people who refuse to change

themselves for better. It is totally interesting to make change as essential growth element and

embrace change with open hands and open mind to live life in full dimension.

Change is must and it is quite meaningful to live life by taking change as a necessary season

of life than avoiding it.

25



Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of

society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.


Good manners are essential to live a good life. Manners are something that a child learns

from his family and from school as well. Both these places are very much foundational in

establishing a moral framework in child. However, the topic has been always a debatable one

because the role of both parties in shaping a child’s destiny is vital.

Primarily, the parents of a child are his first teachers as they educate him to think, to feel, to

express, to listen, to share, to laugh, to walk, to smile and almost every minute thing at very

basic level. Moreover, a child is also very much sensitive to learn things from his parents

because on them he trusts blindly. Apart from this factor, one more thing is also there, parents

can think about their children beyond the possible and they are much more connected to their

children biologically as well as emotionally. So it’s quite clear that role of parents in educating

their children towards moral values and basic know-how of life is totally imperative.

A sound perspective on this issue is also available and that is about the role of schools in

installing worthy manners in children. The role of school atmosphere is of huge importance in

teaching moral skills to children as school and children enjoys a healthy time interval for years

on daily basis. Somewhere, school teachers are second parents of a child and they seriously

mean this job. Importance of school is considerable as far as preparation of a child to become

an asset for society is concerned.

The significant perspective on subject of role of parents and teachers in creating a

responsible social citizen out of a child is that both have key roles to play in this.

26

Nowadays, the way many people interact with each other has changed because of

technology. In what ways has the technology affected the types of relationships people

make? Has this become a positive or negative development?

With evolution, new things emerge. There are certainly new ways of doing things in all walks

of life because the absolute development of technology worldwide. The basic art of

communication is also influenced with this revolution of technology. It is quite clear that art of

sharing thoughts and emotions is very ancient art as well as a basic need of people. Today

also, people love to interact with people but the platforms have changed. The mindset behind

using the sources to share views has transformed.



Technology has hugely impacted the communication patterns and it has provided magical

opportunities of connecting to people with whom we want to connect anywhere in the world.

Technology has reduced the time interval in connecting with somebody at other location and

also increased the clarity of communication. It has also reduced the cost of interaction in

many ways. Now one does not need to travel to know the wellbeing of his beloved. Certainly,

relationships got affected with this new current of advancement in the means of

communication.

Perspective of establishing a relationship and maintaining it has largely changed because

things have become superficial. Yes technology has given us wings but also it significantly

reduced the physical interaction or face to face interaction within people and as an impact of

it, today the relationships are suffering a lot.

Development is positive if one considers the advancement part like speed, accuracy, range of

connectivity and opening of new horizons but it is quite dangerous if one looks the naturality

and emotional strengthening of relationships.

27

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution

problems.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What other measures do you think might be effective?

Issue of increased traffic and pollution is a severe issue for humanity and environment. A

nation should be very much responsible towards reducing both these issues. Here, the

concept is about taking some concrete steps to mitigate the traffic and pollution problems.

One way of doing it, is by increasing the petrol prices so that the vehicle users should think

twice before taking their vehicles somewhere unimportantly. Somewhere, it is a good step

towards creating a mindset like petrol is costly and one should be careful in using his vehicle

for meaningful tasks.

I am not totally agree with the opinion of increasing petrol prices to create a balance for

environment as petrol prices are not the sole factor behind the traffic and pollution issues.

There are certain other steps those can also be quite effective in creating a lasting balance for

environment. By implementing driving rules and policies strictly, we can ensure good

consequence. Aged vehicles should be banned from further use. By promoting the concept of

car-pooling, we can nicely secure our climate as it will reduce the number of cars of road as

well as the probabilities of accident. Vehicle should be given at a certain age to children and it

should be followed strictly.



Public transportation should be in the mainstream and it should be magnetic or green fuel

based so that it will be negatively influence our environment. A great movement with the help

of media can be started to make common people aware about usage of public transport and

its powerful impacts on country’s health and economy. Awareness is the main thing in this

because as people get awareness about a thing like it is causing our country and economy

badly, they automatically start taking actions to make the situation better.

Issue of traffic and pollution is a big one and it can be certainly controlled by taking strong

steps and one of them is increasing the petrol prices.

28

In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health

and fitness are decreasing.

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be

taken to solve them?

Lifestyle of people has been totally changed and the consequences of this are quite severe. It

is true that people are living a comfortable, hi-tech life and having everything available that

was somewhere beyond imagination few decades earlier. There are powerful impacts of fast

lifestyle and easy means of living life on health of people. Health is wealth; it is significant

even in today’s times. People are badly suffering from serious health issues.

Talking about the causes of this decreased level of fitness there are various factors like wise

food quality, eating habits, stuff of the food, passive lifestyle, sitting routine, rich availability

extra comfortable transportation means and era of virtual gadgets. Online revolution is

somewhere responsible to bring fatness in people as there are easy and fast shopping

options are available. One more thing, there is almost every useful item is present with

shopping list. Interest towards indoor activities and games has also touched the sky and this

is causing inactive lifestyle.

As there are problems so there exist solutions also. One can take powerful steps to ensure a

fit and slim body likewise he can choose to wake up early, choose to take fast foods

occasionally, decide to use stairs twice a day instead of using lifts every time, can take the

bold decision of living an rich and purposeful life with vision of daily learning. A person without

vision and definite goal is destined to enjoy ill health in his life.

Health issues are quite common in today’s life but the active lifestyle nicely coupled with a

meaningful purpose of life is can be a rich source of living a fit and fulfilled life.

29



Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning foreign language at

primary school than secondary school.

Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Learning a new language is always fruitful and provides us new avenues to understand and

explore our world. Students at younger age have a keen curiosity towards getting news eyes

to feel the outside world. It is a famous wisdom also that if you have a new language with you

then you have an additional vision for life. There are certain things that are great with primary

school children like powerful learning attitude, innocence towards new things and a great

discipline to work on new stuff and a freshness of mindset.

It is of huge importance to install a foreign language in the minds of primary students because

it opens their mind towards the new possibilities and new horizons across the world in which

they live. At primary age, naturally their have a fresh slate with less things in it so it is quite

easy and effective to make them understand the foreign language. Certainly, knowledge of a

new language will provide them confidence, wider approach, creativity, sense of bigness of

their world, new thinking ways and lot possibilities.

Somewhere, it is also urgent to consider this point that once they finish their primary school

they must be liberal to learn the new language. One more powerful scenario is at the age of

secondary, they will be in apposition to feel the importance and the availability of changes that

new language will bring in their lives. Somewhere, at the secondary stage, they will be more

open about understanding the career broadness that learning of new language will

incorporate in their professional look.

Still it is highly impactful to equip the primary students with foreign language than the

secondary ones.

30

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of

high school programs (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood

or teaching sports to younger children.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

This is a powerful idea of engaging high school students in activities where they learn

humanity, working for bigger causes, adding values in other people’s life, making the world

more beautiful than they found it and creating lasting impressions on the minds of people to

whom they will serve.



Ultimately, the sole aim of education is enabling the student in finding his inner music in a way

that he can serve the world meaningfully and can live a purposeful life in all respects. When

the question of inspiring high school students towards unpaid community services comes, it is

a practice of huge worth in all dimensions. A student with a wider social knowledge, with

better understanding of adding values in the lives of people and with clear understanding of

give and take principle of social success in life, can prove himself an asset for his society.

Somewhere, it is also true that with these services, he will automatically learn the importance

of right attitude, polite voice, mutual respect and sense of togetherness. One of the most

fruitful aspect of this scenario is the student will take more interest in his studies because now

he is in a position to interpret the reason like what is the use of him in society and how he can

add more values in other’s life.

An eye opening fact is that it will add simplicity and purity of thoughts in student’s life and he

will live an intense life with a sense of completeness and a sense of purpose. Indirectly, a

shallow and half lived life will abandon the student automatically because now he is doing

some real work for mankind.

The idea of encouraging high school students towards unpaid community services is of

immense importance in all aspects hence it should be welcomed with open heart.

31

Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the

number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on

public health and that other measures are required.


The subject of health is always been of huge concern. Somewhere for the government, it is

also a hard assignment to implement proper strategies related to providing better health

facilities. There are people who think like spreading the sports facilities is fruitful step.

Initiative of bestowing more sports facilities is an appreciable one.

Once a person goes through sports schedule daily obviously he keeps his body active and fit.

Apart from physical fitness, sports also introduce a toughness in mental abilities which is very

good. The best thing about sports facilities is it is not an expensive project when we look at its

consequence at mass level in long run. Certainly, people can be inspired to use physical

exercises in their morning and evening routine as a daily dose of exercise medicines.

But apart from introducing sports facilities, there are certain other measures are also which

are quite meaningful in this regard. Likewise, people should be motivated to take walk at least



twice a day for 2kilometers. They should also be guided to take fast food occasionally in their

daily routine.

One more interesting fact about public health is, most of the people do not try anything new in

their routine and choose to become fatty in their physical shape. They should encourage

themselves to learn new things, new skills, new arts and new concepts because by this they

will be utilizing their creative powers in purposeful works and along with this, they will be

making themselves free from a stress based lifestyle. Such initiatives are far more powerful

than providing sports facilities on mass level.

It is an individual choice to stay fit or fatty. A lifestyle is the key indicator of a man’s health.

32

Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important

because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.


Language is a kind of asset for any religion or culture. As the size of earth and number of

present traditions are quite high so it is natural that we have hundreds of languages and

thousands of regional languages. More is the variety of people living on earth so more is

number of languages spoken by them. But the picture is changing. Languages are reducing

drastically every year because of globalization.

The concept of one earth and one world is great in the sense of spreading equality and a

sense of mutual cooperation between various countries of the world. However, it is strongly

giving its positive feedbacks as well as negative ones. One of the ill feedbacks of this is the

regional languages and even sometimes the national languages are leaving their place and

going out of trend. Because of earning reasons, people globally prefer to use languages

which are acceptable and are languages of common trade.

Somewhere, the urbanization is also forcing people to move from their traditional lifestyle to

advance and city-based lifestyle so in this transition they are choosing to use city-based

accents and languages. But certainly, there are positives also of this situation; it is quite easy

to interact with people if they recognize our language. And if we have few languages then

naturally the communication will be proper and meaningful. Dying of languages is not a

planned thing it is happening naturally with the evolution of mankind. Of course, life would be

easier and interesting if people have few languages to interact and to understand. Language

barrier will be removed up to a large extent.



With loss of a language, its cultural legacy goes away which is not good for the strength of

cultural diversity but on the other side, if we prefer easiness of communication among several

civilizations then it is a boon-kind of situation.

VOCABULARY FOR WRITING TO ENSURE SURE 7+ BANDS

Counsel: a lawyer or group of lawyers who conduct cases in court or give

legal advice

Stepping stone: a stage or step that helps achieve a goal

Stumbling block: something that stands in the way of achieving a goal or of

understanding something

Erroneous: incorrect

Shake off: to get away from a pursuer

Now and then: sometimes

Unanimous: agreed by anyone

Backing: active approval, support, or help, often in financial form, given to a

person, organization or cause

Equilibrium: a physical state or sense of being able to maintain bodily balance

Gratification: a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction

Catalyst: somebody or something that makes a change happen or brings

about an event

Solace: comfort at a time of sadness, grief or disappointment

Console: to provide a source of comfort to somebody who is distressed or

disappointed

Beneficent: doing good or charitable acts

Beneficiary: somebody who receives a benefit from something

Rely on: depend on

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE BUILDINGS, ROOMS AND SHOPS

Rectangular: with four sides

Adequate: sufficient

Airy: well ventilated and having plenty of space

Spacious: containing ample space

Ample: more than enough, plenty

Tiled: covering for floors, roofs or walls



Innovative: new and creative, especially in the way that something is done

Unique: being the only one of a kind

Escalator: moving stairs

Well-furnished: containing good furniture

Well-lit: with plenty of light

Illuminate: to decorate something with lights for a celebration

Multistorey: having many floors

Mind-blowing: extremely exciting, surprising, or shocking

Fabulous: amazingly or almost unbelievably great or impressive

Congested: to overcrowd a street or area so that movement is slow or difficult, or

become overcrowded

Apple pie order: neat and clean

Shipshape: neat and in good order

At sixes and sevens: in disorder

Shopaholic: one who enjoys shopping

Window shopping: to look at goods displayed in store windows without a serious

intention of buying anything

Extravagance: excessive or wasteful spending of money

Spendthrift: somebody who spends money recklessly or extravagantly

Shopping spree: the activity of visiting shops and stores to look at and buy things

Fade way: to become gradually fainter or weaker and finally disappear

Wither away: to fade or lose freshness or vitality

Sky-scrapers: tall buildings

Intact: whole and undamaged

Avail: benefits, gain, advantage, get

Rigorous: strict, stringent, harsh and unrelenting

Exorbitant: far greater or higher than is reasonable

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE TRIPS AND VISITS:

Pilgrimage: a journey to a holy place, undertaken for religious reasons

Pilgrim: somebody who goes on a journey to a holy place for religious

reasons

Fascinate: to hold somebody’s attention completely or irresistibly

Sanctum sanctorum: sacred inner place



Rejuvenate: to make somebody become, feel, or appear young again

City dweller: a person who lives in city

Felicity: happiness or contentment

Delight: great enjoyment or pleasure

Blissful: heavenly, wonderful and delightful

Ecstasy: joy, happiness, delight, elation

Enchantment: something that delights or captivates

Content: the amount of something contained in something else

Obeisance: a gesture of respect or deference e.g. a bow of the head

Holy dip: to take a dip in holy water

Holy pond: a pond attached to a religious place that is considered holy

Refectory: a dining hall, especially in a monastery, convent or college

Plated with: covered with a thin layer of metal

Dome shaped: a hemispherical roof e.g. on a palace or cathedral

Alluring: appealing, charming

Charming: appealing, alluring

Hymn: mantra, chant, tune

Sermon: a talk or religious or moral subject

Accomplish: achieve

Queue: stand in line

Picturesque: scenic, pictorial

Exotic: very colorful and exciting

Splendor: brilliance, magnificence

Ambience: atmosphere and character or a place

Rapids: fast moving water

Fragrance: aroma, scent, smell

Landscape: an expense of scenery

Woods: forest

Snowcapped: a covering of snow on a mountain peak

Adorn: decorate

Sojourn: a short stay at a place

Overwhelm: to affect somebody’s emotions in a complete way

Astonish: surprise, amaze



Fascinate: charm, attract

Paradise: heaven

Kayaking: to ride a kayak

Rafting: to ride a raft

Mountaineering: mountain climbing

Bush walking: to walk in the forest

Safari: a journey for the purpose of observing animals

Rendezvous: a meeting arranged for an agreed time and place

Canoe: light, narrow-pointed boat

Preserve: protest, conserve, defend

Heritage: inheritance, tradition

Prosperity: wealth, affluence, richness

Integrity: the state of being complete or undivided

Ritual: an established and prescribed pattern of observance

Scenic: picturesque, beautiful, attractive

Mountainous: hilly, rocky

Plains: a large expanse or fairy flat dry land, usually with few trees

Hilltops: the summit of a hill

Monotony: repetitiveness, boredom

Recreation: leisure, pastime, amusement

Encompass: include, cover, take in

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE ART, CRAFT, PHOTOGRAPHS AND THINGS

Disclose: reveal, unveil, make known

Acquisition: gain, achievement, get hold of

Possession: control, ownership, custody

Assets: possessions, belongings, material goods

Antique: very old, historic, old-fashioned

Sculpture: statue, figure, monument

Innate: qualities that a person on animal is born with

Vernacular: the common spoken language of the people in a region

Portraits: a painting, photograph or drawing of somebody

Enigmatic: mysterious and difficult to understand or interpret

Enhance: improve, develop, boost



Ancestors: somebody from whom somebody else is directly descended

Predecessors: somebody who held a position or job before somebody else

Forefathers: a male ancestor, usually one who died long ago

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES, SPORTS AND GAMES

Crucial: vital, critical, important

Vital: critical, important

Instrumental: influential, active, involved

Inevitable: unavoidable, certain, unavoidable, inescapable

Handful: a small amount or number of people or things

Excel: do extremely well

Caliber: quality, ability, level

Instill: inspire, fill, encourage

Boost: improve, enhance

Bundle of: a collection of

Flair: a natural ability to do something well

Ardent: enthusiastic, keen, devoted

Salient: most important, outstanding, significant

Stimulate: to encourage something such as an activity or a process

Reluctant: unwilling, unenthusiastic, hesitant

Metabolism: the process of which food is converted into energy

Crawl: move slowly, Creep

Backstroke: a method of swimming on the back

Privilege: freedom, opportunity, advantage

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION, ANIMALS. PLANTS AND

NATURE

Derelict: neglected, abandoned, ruined

Defile: to corrupt or ruin something

Depletion: to use up or reduce something such as resources or energy

Horizon: the line where the land or sea seems to meet the sky

Extinct: died out, wiped out, destroyed, vanished

Fertilizers: a substance added to soil to increase plant growth

Pesticide: a chemical substance used to kill pests

Degrade: to become worse, or make something more worse



Cultivate: farm, grow, plant

Enormous: huge, giant

Tremendous: great, fantastic, remarkable

Extreme: going for beyond what is reasonable, moderate, or normal

Immense: huge, vast, enormous

Intervene: to involve yourself deliberately in a situation

Mushrooming: growing, escalating

Detrimental: harmful thing

Ominous: threatening, warning, worrying

Shortcoming: inadequacy, deficiency

Deface: spoil, ruin, disfigure

Greed: a strong desire to have more

Deforestation: to remove the trees from an area of land

Reforestation: to replant an area with trees

Exploitation: taking selfish or unfair advantage of someone or something

Exploration: investigation of something

Flora: plants

Fauna: animals

Typhoons: a violent storm in the western pacific and Indian oceans

Tycoons: somebody with great power and wealth

Hurricane: a severe storm with torrential rain and extremely strong winds

Emit: produce, release, discharge

Flood: water covering previously dry area

Drought: lack of water

Poaching: to catch wild animals illegally

Ozone layer: upper layer of atmosphere absorbing ultraviolet rays

Longevity: long life, useful

Intermingle: mix together, interact

Exclusive: special, restricted, limited

Endangered: in danger of extinction, rare, scarce

Hedge: a close set row of bushes forming a barrier or boundary

Scented: perfumed, fragrant, aromatic

Blossom: bloom, flower



Survival: remaining alive after facing life-threatening danger

Carnivorous: meat-eating

Herbivorous: plant eating

Omnivorous: eating both plant and meat

Habitat: typical location

Inhabitant: occupant, resident, dweller

Amphibian: that lives some time on land and some time in water

Aquatic: connected with water

Marine: relating to sea

Marsupial: animals with pouch

Marmalade: jam, jelly

Ecology: study of organisms and the environment

Biodegradable: that will decay relatively quickly

Tsunami: a large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake

Earthquake: a violent shaking of the earth’s crust

Greenhouse gas: gas that causes the warming of the earth’s atmosphere

Global warming: an increase in the world’s temperature

Reptiles: animals with an outer covering of scales or plates and a bony

skeleton, e.g. the crocodile, tortoise, snake, or lizard

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE BOOKS AND READING

Whodunit: mystery, detective novel, crime thriller

Mischief: naughtiness, trouble, disobedience

Predict: forecast, expect, guess

Narrate: describe, report

Geography: the physical features of a place e.g. mountains and rivers

Cocksure: absolutely sure

Conservation: protection, preservation

Unscrupulous: dishonest, immoral

Alterations: changes

Extensively: at length, lengthy

Access to: approach

Bias: prejudice, partially, unfairness

Subscribe: donate, give, pledge



A bird’s eye view: overall view

Exaggeration: overstatement, amplification

Virtue: asset, good quality, good feature

Abide by: obey, follow

Eloquent: fluent, articulate, powerful

Flooded with: overwhelmed with, showered with

Coerce: force, pressurize, compel

Curious: eager to know about something

Studious: having a tendency to study

Bookworm: somebody who loves reading

Compassionate: sympathetic, emphatic

Innumerable: countless, numerous

Ingrained: deep-rooted, inbuilt

Shortcoming: inadequacy, deficiency

Compile: accumulate, collect

Lexicography: the writing and editing of dictionaries

Folklore: traditional stories

Vulnerable: weak, open to, exposed

VOCABULARY TO DESCRIBE PERSONS

Epitome: a highly representable example

Epitomize: to be a highly representative example

Enthusiastic: showing passionate interest in something, energetic

Benevolent: performing good acts and not seeking to make a profit, kind,

charitable

Malevolent: having or showing a desire to harm others, harmful, evil

Legend: somebody famous admired for a skill or talent

Veteran: one who is well experienced in something

Jovial: cheerful in mood or disposition

Laborious: requiring much hard work

Impersonator: to mimic the voice and manners of somebody else, especially to

entertain

Straight forward: level, even, or properly positioned, candid

Vigorous: extremely strong and active, physically or mentally



Impertinent: showing a bold or rude lack of respect, especially to a superior

Zealous: actively and unreservedly enthusiastic

Renowned: well known or famous

Propulsion: act of driving something forward

Dynamic: full of energy

Forceful: powerful, impressive and persuasive

Austere: imposing or suggesting physically hardship

Optimist: somebody who tends to feel hopeful and positive about future

outcomes

Audacious: bold, daring, or fearless, especially in challenging assumptions or

conventions

Audacity: boldness, daring, impudence

Broadminded: liberal, modern, tolerant, forward thinking

Narrow minded: having or showing a limited and often prejudiced on intolerant

outlook

Consistent: reasonably or logically harmonious, coherent, and reliable

Impartial: not favoring one person or side more than another, not biased

Above board: honest

Kind hearted: compassionate, generous, caring

Resemblance: similarity

Pessimist: somebody who always expects the worst to happen

Weird: strange or unusual, supernatural

Splenetic: extremely bad-tempered or spiteful

Hard-hearted: without any sympathy or kindness

Soft hearted: showing sympathy, kindness or generosity

Short tempered: easily made angry or impatient

Go-getter: an enterprising and aggressive person

Turncoat: one who changes opinion now and then

Shrewd: showing or possessing intelligence, insight and sound judgement

Broad shouldered: large from one side to the other

Lean: bend or incline

Stout: fat, heavy

Middle aged: no longer young



(Source of the above material: internet, various websites, books and lectures)
