7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

1/10

3

GJII ' >738+8835::5

3-3- @JOEMCPEAMW

CPAK Pbj Ozm`ckjmpci ~cxpegij ao cm jijkjmp ew gciij` cm Cpak -JRCK^IJWB) A) Gi jpg-

KAIJGZIJ Lxaz~ ao cpakw ew gciij` Kaijgzij -

AX\bjm p|a ax kaxj wckj cpakw gakhemj cm` oaxkj` ~xa`zgp pbew ~xa`zgp ew gciij` Kaijgzij -JRCK^IJWB & B B 8 A & A A 8

Aruljm kaijgzij "A ; A% A8) Aruljm kaijgzij) Bu`xaljm kaijgzij "B B% B8) jpg-

GAK^AZM@\bjm p|a ax kaxj `eoojxjmp kaijgzijw gakhemj` paljpbjx cm` oaxkj` ~xa`zgp pbew ~xa`zgp ew fma|m cwGak~azm` - JRCK^IJW8G & B8 GB 0Em pbj chavj jszcpeam Kjpbcmj ew c gak~azm` |begb ao p|a `eoojxjmp kaijgzijw- KERPZXJ

\b jm p|a ax kaxj `eoojxjmp gak~azm` xjcgpw paljpbjx cm` oaxkj` ~xa`zgp pbew ~xa`zgp ew fma|m cwKerpzxj - JRCK^IJWG8B : AB & GA 8 G?B 38A?Em pbj chavj jszcpeam Lizgawj ew c kerpzxj ao p|a `eoojxjmp gak~azm`w-

EMPXA@ZGPEAM PA GBJKEWPXU

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

2/10

8

GJII ' >738+8835::5

3-8- GBJKEWPXU @JOEMEPEAM Gbjkewpxu ew pbj hxcmgbao wgejmgj pbcp `jciw |epb pbj ~xa~jxpejw) gak~awepeam cm` wpxzgpzxj ao

kcppjx- AX

Gbjkewpxu ew pbj hxcmgb ao wgejmgj pbcp jciw |epb pbj ~xa~jxpejw cm` gak~awepeam ao kcppjx cm`wpxzgpzxj ao cpak-

3-7- KCPPJX @JOEMEPEAMCmu pbemlw |begb aggz~ejw w~cgj cm` bcvj wakj kcww ew gciij` Kcppjx -

WPCPJW AO KCPPJX Pbjxj cxj pbxjj wpcpjw ao kcppjx-

Waie`- Iesze`- Lcw-

3-0- HXCMGBJW AO GBJKEWPXUPbjxj cxj vcxeazw hxcmgbjw ao gbjkewpxu -Pbj kcem hxcmgbjw ao gbjkewpxu cxj oaiia|w4

Axlcmeg gbjkewpxu- Emaxlcmeg gbjkewpxu- ^buwegci gbjkewpxu- Cmciupegci gbjkewpxu- Hea gbjkewpxu-

Em`zwpxeci cm` C~~iej` gbjkewpxu- Mzgijcx gbjkewpxu- Jmvexamkjmpci gbjkewpxu- ^aiukjxeg gbjkewpxu-

AXLCMEG GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao bu`xagcxhamw cm` pbjex `jxevcpevjw -

EM+AXLCMEG GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao jijkjmpw cm` pbjex gak~azm`w ao mam+ieveml axlcmewkw -

^BUWEGCI GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj ic|w cm` ~xemge~ijw lavjxmeml pbj gakhemcpeam ao cpakw cm` kaijgzijw em gbjkegci xjcgpeamw -

CMCIUPEGCI GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao pbj kjpba`w cm` pjgbmeszjw emvaivj` pa`jpjxkemj pbj fem`) szciepu cm` szcmpepu ao vcxeazw gak~amjmpw em c levjm wzhwpcmgj -

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

3/10

7

GJII ' >738+8835::5

HEA+GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao ieveml axlcmewkw -

EM@ZWPXECI GBJKEWPXU "C^^IEJ@ GBJKEWPXU% Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u `eoojxjmp gbjkegci ~xagjwwjw emvaivj` em pbjgbjkegci em`zwpxejw -

MZGIJCX GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao gbcmljw aggzxxeml em pbj mzgije ao cpakw)cggak~cmej` hu pbj jkewweam ao emvewehij xc`ecpeamw -

JM_EXAMKJMPC I GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw |epb pbj wpz`u ao pbj empjxcgpeam ao gbjkegci kcpjxeciw cm`pbjex joojgp am pbj jmvexamkjmp -

^AIUKJXEG GBJKEWPXU Ep ew pbj hxcmgb ao gbjkewpxu pbcp `jciw w~jgeciiu |epb pbj wpz`u ao ~aiukjxetcpeam cm` pbj ~xa`zgpwahpcemj` pbxazlb pbj ~xagjww ao ~aiukjxetcpeam -

3-:- PBJ WGEJMPEOEG C^^XACGB EM GBJKEWPXU

Pbj ahwjxvj` mcpzxci ~bjmakjmam bc` pa jr~icemj` hu `eoojxjmp wgejmpeoeg kjpba`w em wuwpjkcpegkcmmjx ew fma|m cw pbj wgejmpeoeg c~~xacgb em gbjkewpxu-

AHWJX_CPEAM Ahwjxvcpeam ew c hcweg paai pa la oaxpb oax jichaxcpeml c ~bjmakjmam hzp ep kcu vcxu oxak ~jxwam pa

~jxwam cggax`eml pa bew a|m wfeii ao jichaxcpeam -

BU^APBJWEW Copjx ahwjxvcpeam ao c ~bjmakjmam) wgejmpewp ~am`jxw avjx ep cm` gcxxejw azp xjijvcmp jr~jxekjmpwcm` cxxevjw cp c ~awwehij jr~icmcpeam -Pbew jr~icmcpeam |begb ew wpeii amiu c pxcei e`jc ew gciij`Bu~apbjwew -

PBJAXU \bjm bu~apbjwew ew wz~~axpj` hu c icxlj mzkhjx ao `eoojxjmp pu~jw ao ahwjxvcpeamw cm`jr~jxekjmpw) pbjm ep hjgakjw c Pbjaxu -

WGEJMPEOEG IC\ "^XEMGE^IJ% C pbjaxu |begb ew pjwpj` clcem cm` clcem cm` oazm` pa oep pbj ocgpw cm` oxak |begb vcie`~xj`egpeamw kcu hj kc`j ew pbjm fma|m cw Wgejmpeoeg ic|ax ^xemge~ij -

3-?- ICM@KCXFW EM PBJ BEWPAXU AO GBJKEWPXU Gbjkewpxu zwj` em cxpw cm` gxcopw) wzgb cw ~appjxu cm` licww kcfeml) `ujeml cm` kjpciizxlu -Pbjwpz`u |cw map wuwpjkcpeg-

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

4/10

0

GJII ' >738+8835::5

CLJW AO GBJKEWPXUPbjxj cxj pbxjj cljw ao gbjkewpxu4

C- Pbj Lxjjf ~jxea` "788 pa 0?> H-G%H- Pbj Kzwiek ~jxea` "?>> pa 3?>> C-@%G- Pbj Ka`jxm ~jxea`

C- PBJ LXJJF ^JXEA@ "JCXIU CLJ% "@CXF CLJ%Lxjjf ~jxea` ozxpbjx `eve`j` pa pbxjj ~beiawa~bjxw iefj)

Cxewpapij "788+720 H-G%- ^icpa "70 H -G%- GAMPXEHZEPEAM

Pbju gampxehzpj` c iap em mzkhjx ao wkcii |cu pa pbj jcxiu `jvjia~kjmp ao gbjkewpxu- Pbju empxa`zgj pbj gamgj~p ao jijkjmpw) cpakw cm` pbj gbjkegci xjcgpeamw- Pbju hjiejvj` pbcp cii pbj kcppjx |cw `jxevj` oxak oazx jijkjmpw) oexj)"bap cm` `xu% jcxpb)"`xu cm`

gai`% cex)"gai`) |jp cm` bap% |cpjx)"gai`) |jp cm` bap%- Pbj Xakcmw `jvjia~j` pbj gbjkegci cxpw wpeii ozxpbjx- Pbju ek~xavj` kjpciizxlegci ~xagjwwjw cm` empxa`zgj pbj jmckjieml ao ~appjxu- Pbju jvjia~j` ieppij pbjaxjpegci fma|ij`lj- Pbjex |axfw |jxj cii jk~exegci-

H- PBJ KZWIEK ^JXEA@ "KE@@IJ CLJ%

EMPXA@ZGPEAM

Pbj Kzwiek ~jxea` |cw oxak ?>> pa 3?>> C-@- Ep ew fma|m cw pbj ~jxea` ao cigbjkewpw- Pbj ka`jxm wgejmpeoeg fma|ij`lj ew hcwj` am pbj gampxehzpeamw ao Kzwiek wgbaicxw-

\AXFCigbjkewpw `jvjia~j` cm` zwj` kcmu ichaxcpaxu jsze~kjmpw wzgb cw4

Ozmmjiw- Hjcfjxw- Gxzgehijw oax kjipeml cm` ozweam- Xjpaxpw oax `ewpeiicpeam- Hcicmgjw oax |jelbeml- Cge`w) Cigabaiw cm` Kj`egemjw jpg-

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

5/10

:

GJII ' >738+8835::5

Wakj gampxehzpeamw ao |jii fma|m Kzwiek wgejmpewpw cxj cw oaiia|w4

3- DCHEX HEM BCEUCMEMPXA@ZGPEAM

Dchex hem Bceucm 7 C-@- Bj |cw ljmjxciiu fma|m cw pbj ocpbjx ao cigbjku-

GAMPXEHZEPEAM Bj gampxehzpj` em pbj oeji` ao kcpbjkcpegw) ~beiawa~bu) cigbjku jpg-

\AXFBj `jvjia~j`4

Mepxeg cge`- Bu`xagbiaxeg cge`- \bepj ijc`- @ujeml giapbw-

Jrpxcgpeam ao kjpciw oxak pbjex axjw-

8- CI+XCTEEMPXA@ZGPEAM

Ci+Xcte 2?8+57> C-@- Bj |cw jr~jxp em wzxljam-

GAMPXEHZEPEAM Bj |cw c ~buwegecm) cigbjkewp cm` c ~beiawa~bjx-

\AXFBj `jvjia~j`4

Oexwp pa zwj a~ezk cw cm cmjwpbjwec- Ieveml cm` mam+ieveml axelemw- Jpbui cigabai hu pbj ojxkjmpcpeam ~xagjww-

7- CI+HJXZMEEMPXA@ZGPEAM

Ci+Hjxzme 502C-@- Bj |cw haxm em Hjxzm cp Excs pbcpw |bu bj |cw gciij` Hjxzme-

GAMPXEHZEPEAM Bj gampxehzpj` c iap em ~buwegw) kjpc~buwegw) kcpbjkcpegw) ljalxc~bu cm` bewpaxu-

\AXF

Bj |xapj kaxj pbcm 3:> haafw xjicpj` pa wgejmgj- Bj `jpjxkemj` pbj `jmwepejw ao `eoojxjmp wzhwpcmgjw-

0- EHM+J+WEMCEMPXA@ZGPEAM

Ehm+j+Wemc 52>+3>7

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

6/10

?

GJII ' >738+8835::5

Bj gampxehzpj` em pbj oeji` ao kj`egemjw) kj`egemci gbjkewpxu) ~beiawa~bu) kcpbjkcpegw cm`cwpxamaku-\AXF

Bj `ewgavjxj` pbj `ewpcmgj ao kaam cm` wzm oxak jcxpb-

G- PBJ KA@JXM ^JEA@ "KA@JXM CLJ%c% @EWGA_JXEJW AO IC\W)JIJKJMPW)GAK^AZM@W CM@ PBJ E@JCW AO

WUWPJKCPEG EM_JWPELCPEAM Xahjxp Hauij4 "3?8< 3?53 C-@% coojgpeamcpjiu fma|m cw pbj ocpbjx ao ka`jxm gbjkewpxu- D- Hicgf4 "3

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

7/10

738+8835::5

Oizaxe`j gak~azm`w wzgb cw WmO8) Mc8^A 0-O "Wa`ezk oizaxa ~baw~bcpj% cm` McO cxj zwj` em paapb~cwpjwpa ~xapjgp cm` gampxai paapb `jgcu-

3-

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

9/10

5

GJII ' >738+8835::5

3-2- Oeii em pbj hicmfw 3- Wpz`u ao kcppjx ew gciij` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-8- Pbj ozm`ckjmpci ~cxpegij ao cm jijkjmp ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-

7- Gakhemcpeam ao cpakw ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-0- Gakhemcpeam ao eoojxjmp kaijgzijw ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-:- Pbj Lxjjf ~jxea` |cw oxak QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ pa QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-?- Pbj Kzwiek ~jxea` |cw oxak QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ pa QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-- Dchex Hem Bceucm ~xj~cxj` bu`xagbiaxeg cge` cm` ciwa QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ cge`-33- Dchex Hem Bceucm jrpxcgpw kjpciw oxak pbjex QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-38- Ci+Xcte |cw c ~buwegecm) ~beiawa~bjx / QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-37- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ |cw jr~jxp wzxljam-30- Ci+Xcte |cw pbj oexwp pa zwj QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ cw cm cmjwpbjwec-3:- Ci+Xcte `eve`j` gbjkegci wzhwpcmgjw am pbj hcwew ao pbjex QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-3?- Ci+Xcte ~xj~cxj` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ hu ojxkjmpcpeam ~xagjww-3- Em 32>?) QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gicwweou gbjkegci gak~azm`w am pbj hcwew ao pbjex axelemw-83- D-D- Hjxtjiiezw @eve`j` gak~azm`w empa QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ cm` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-88- D-D Hjxtjiiezw empxa`zgj pbj gamgj~p ao wukhaiw) oaxkzicj cm` gbjkegci jszcpeam-87- Pbj eameg pbjaxu cm` pbj ic|w ao jijgpxaiuwew |cw ~zp oax|cx` huQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ cm`

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-80- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ `ewgavjxj` pbj ~jxea`eg cxxcmljkjmp ao jijkjmpw-8:- Xzpbjxoax` |cw pbj oexwp pa empxa`zgj pbj wpxzgpzxj ao QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-8?- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ |cw fma|m cw pbj ocpbjx ao ka`jxm gbjkewpxu-8- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ `ewgavjxj` gbiaxemj-73- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ`ewgavjxj` B8- 78- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ewgavjxj` pbcp A8 gamwpepzpj` chazp amj+oeopb ao cex-77- D- @cipam kc`j pbjaxu fma|m cwQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-70- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ empxa`zgj pbj gamgj~p ao cpakeg |jelbp-7:- ^_G chhxjvecpjwQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-7?- \j zwj QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gak~azm`w em azx paapb~cwpj-7

7/31/2019 Complete Chapter # 01 (Introduction to Chemistry)

10/10

3>

GJII ' >738+8835::5

75- Gbiaxemj bcw hjgakj cm ek~axpcmp QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkegci-0>- Em em`zwpxejw pbjxj cxj kaxj pbcm QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbiaxemj gak~azm`w-03- Gbaijxc) pu~bae` ojvjx cm` `uwjmpjxu `ewjcwjw) pxcmwkeppj` pbxazlb QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ `xemfeml

|cpjx-08- \bjm |cpjx wz~~iejw pxjcpj` |epb gbiaxemj ep feiiQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ axlcmewkw-07- Zmoaxpzmcpjiu wakj gbjkegciw bcvj pbj ~apjmpeciw ao bcxkeml azx bjcipb ax pbjQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-00- Wpz`u ao ic|w cm` ~xemge~ijw ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-0:- Wpz`u ao bu`xagcxham cm` pbjex `jxevcpevjw ew gciij` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-0?- Wpz`u ao jijkjmpw) gak~azm`w ao mam+ieveml axlcmewkw ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-0- Wpz`u ao gbcmljw em pbj mzgijzw ao cpak ew gciij`QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-:3- Wpz`u ao joojgp am jmvexamkjmp ew gciij` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-:8- Wpz`u ao ~aiukjxetcpeam ew gciij` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ gbjkewpxu-:7- Pbjxj cxjQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ wpj~w pa xjcgb wgejmpeoeg ic|-:0- QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ew kcu hj `eoojx oxak ~jxwam pa ~jxwam cggax`eml pa bew a|m cheiepu-::- Pbj jr~icmcpeam |begb ew wpeii amiu c pxcei e`jc ew gciij` QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-:?- \bjm pbj bu~apbjwew ew wz~~axpj` hu c icxlj mzkhjx ao `eoojxjmp pu~jw ao ahwjxvcpeamw cm`

jr~jxekjmpw) pbjm ep hjgakjw cQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ-: