compilation of the qur’aan differing perspectives anis kotia ma student, icas 18th jan 2010
TRANSCRIPT
Compilation of the Qur’aanDiffering perspectives
Anis KotiaMA Student, ICAS
18th Jan 2010
Mismanagement TheoryAssumption: serious mistakes made by Prophet and Companions
Prophet Muhammad: verses forgotten, later claiming that they were abrogated
Huffaz (memorisers): many died taking large sections of Qur’aan with them
Companion Compilers: Zayd and Uthmaan made mistakes
Result: Uthmaanic codex incomplete and incorrect
Mismanagement Theory
Qur’aan Qur’aan written on written on
adhoc adhoc objectsobjects
Qur’aan Qur’aan written on written on
adhoc adhoc objectsobjects
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan revealed to revealed to
Prophet Prophet MuhammadMuhammad
Qur’aan Qur’aan revealed to revealed to
Prophet Prophet MuhammadMuhammad
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised
by by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised
by by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aanic Qur’aanic codices codices
compiled by compiled by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aanic Qur’aanic codices codices
compiled by compiled by CompanionsCompanions
Companion Companion codices codices
disseminatedisseminatedd
Companion Companion codices codices
disseminatedisseminatedd
Adhoc Adhoc objects kept objects kept by Prophetby Prophet
Adhoc Adhoc objects kept objects kept by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan forgotten by forgotten by
ProphetProphet
Qur’aan Qur’aan forgotten by forgotten by
ProphetProphet
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr collects collects adhoc adhoc
recordsrecords
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr collects collects adhoc adhoc
recordsrecords
Abu Bakr
Zayd starts Zayd starts compilation compilation
of sheetsof sheets
Zayd starts Zayd starts compilation compilation
of sheetsof sheets
Prophet
Adhoc Adhoc objects kept objects kept
by by CompanionsCompanions
Adhoc Adhoc objects kept objects kept
by by CompanionsCompanions
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr sheets sheets
borrowed borrowed from Hafsafrom Hafsa
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr sheets sheets
borrowed borrowed from Hafsafrom Hafsa
NOTE: Abrogation is explored in more detail separately
Non Non Uthmaanic Uthmaanic
codices codices burntburnt
Non Non Uthmaanic Uthmaanic
codices codices burntburnt
Some verses Some verses missed by missed by
ZaydZayd
Some verses Some verses missed by missed by
ZaydZayd
1 2
3 4
5
6
7
Uthmaan
Need to Need to unite unite
Muslims on Muslims on one readingone reading
Need to Need to unite unite
Muslims on Muslims on one readingone reading
Need to Need to preserve preserve
Qur’aan in Qur’aan in written formwritten form
Need to Need to preserve preserve
Qur’aan in Qur’aan in written formwritten form
Zayd Zayd completes completes
compilationcompilation
Zayd Zayd completes completes
compilationcompilation
Some verses Some verses missed by missed by
ZaydZayd
Some verses Some verses missed by missed by
ZaydZayd
Zayd gives Zayd gives collection of collection of
sheets to sheets to HafsaHafsa
Zayd gives Zayd gives collection of collection of
sheets to sheets to HafsaHafsa
Muslims Muslims claim claim
missing missing verses are verses are abrogatedabrogated
Muslims Muslims claim claim
missing missing verses are verses are abrogatedabrogated
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9
10 15
16
20
19
18
1714
1312
11
Reliable Compilation TheoryAssumption: Serious mistakes not made by Prophet and Companions
Prophet Muhammad: abrogated / forgotten verses replaced by Allaah as and when necessary
Huffaz (memorisers): many died, however, others had memorised or compiled Qur’aan
Companion Compilers: Zayd and Uthmaan were both reliable and were meticulous in their approach
Result: Uthmaanic codex differs from some other codices, however, it is accurate and he had approval of prominent companions
Qur’aan Qur’aan written on written on materials materials such as such as
parchmentparchment
Qur’aan Qur’aan written on written on materials materials such as such as
parchmentparchment
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan revealed to revealed to
Prophet Prophet MuhammadMuhammad
Qur’aan Qur’aan revealed to revealed to
Prophet Prophet MuhammadMuhammad
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised
by by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aan Qur’aan memorised memorised
by by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aanic Qur’aanic codices codices
compiled by compiled by CompanionsCompanions
Qur’aanic Qur’aanic codices codices
compiled by compiled by CompanionsCompanions
Companion Companion codices codices
disseminatedisseminatedd
Companion Companion codices codices
disseminatedisseminatedd
Most Most materials materials kept by kept by ProphetProphet
Most Most materials materials kept by kept by ProphetProphet
Qur’aan Qur’aan abrogated abrogated /forgotten /forgotten by Prophetby Prophet
Qur’aan Qur’aan abrogated abrogated /forgotten /forgotten by Prophetby Prophet
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr collects collects adhoc adhoc
recordsrecords
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr collects collects adhoc adhoc
recordsrecords
Abu Bakr
Zayd Zayd compilation compilation from sheetsfrom sheets
Zayd Zayd compilation compilation from sheetsfrom sheets
Prophet
Some Some materials materials kept by kept by
CompanionsCompanions
Some Some materials materials kept by kept by
CompanionsCompanions
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr sheets sheets
borrowed borrowed from Hafsafrom Hafsa
Abu Bakr Abu Bakr sheets sheets
borrowed borrowed from Hafsafrom Hafsa
NOTE: Abrogation is explored in more detail separately
Non Non Uthmaanic Uthmaanic
codices codices burntburnt
Non Non Uthmaanic Uthmaanic
codices codices burntburnt
1 2
3 4
5
6
13
Uthmaan
Need to Need to unite unite
Muslims on Muslims on one readingone reading
Need to Need to unite unite
Muslims on Muslims on one readingone reading
Need to Need to preserve preserve
Qur’aan in Qur’aan in written formwritten form
Need to Need to preserve preserve
Qur’aan in Qur’aan in written formwritten form
Zayd Zayd completes completes
compilationcompilation
Zayd Zayd completes completes
compilationcompilation
UnsubstantiUnsubstantiated claims ated claims
rejectedrejected
UnsubstantiUnsubstantiated claims ated claims
rejectedrejected
Zayd gives Zayd gives collection of collection of
sheets to sheets to HafsaHafsa
Zayd gives Zayd gives collection of collection of
sheets to sheets to HafsaHafsa
If applicable, If applicable, verse is verse is replacedreplaced
If applicable, If applicable, verse is verse is replacedreplaced
UnsubstantiUnsubstantiated claims ated claims
rejectedrejected
UnsubstantiUnsubstantiated claims ated claims
rejectedrejected
Minor Minor rearrangemrearrangem
ents by ents by UthmaanUthmaan
Minor Minor rearrangemrearrangem
ents by ents by UthmaanUthmaan
Masjid Masjid Nabawi has Nabawi has
copy of copy of mashafmashaf
Masjid Masjid Nabawi has Nabawi has
copy of copy of mashafmashaf
10
11
12
13
14 17
16 19
18
22
21
20158
77
Reliable Compilation Theory
Bibliography
Burton, John. The Collection of the Qur’aan (Cambridge University Press, 1979)
Qadhi, Yasir. Introduction to the Islamic Sciences (al Hidayah Publishers and Distributors, 1999)
Al Khui, Imam. The prolegomena of the Qur’aan (Oxford University Press, 1998)