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Comparison of Road Traffic Death and Injury Rates at Pedestrian Crossings in Europe

Julius Uhlmann

Vision Zero for Sustainable Road Safety in the Baltic Sea RegionTallinn, 05.12.2019

Structure

1. Motivation and Context

2. Goal of research project3. Literature analysis

4. Methodology

5. Results1. Killed

2. Injured

3. Correlation

4. Summary

6. Discussion

7. Outlook

Julius Uhlmann Vision Zero 2019 2


• Pedestrian crossings exist worldwide

• Only form of crossing where the pedestrian always has the right of way• Own experience shows that the behaviour at pedestrian crossings varies

between different countries

• Development of dissertation topic:

“Evaluation and Comparison of the Behaviour of Motorists and Pedestrians at Unsignalized Marked Pedestrian Crossings in Europe”



Describe

• Traffic safety at pedestrian crossings• Traffic behaviour at pedestrian crossings

Interpret• Identification of influence factors

Develop

• Recommendations for the design of safe pedestrian crossings


2. Goal of research project

• First step: Comparison of traffic safety at pedestrian crossings in Europe

• 14 countries were compared:

• Austria• Belgium

• Czech Republic

• Estonia• Finland

• Germany

• Great Britain

• Italy• Latvia

• Lithuania

• Netherlands• Poland

• Slovakia

• Sweden


3. Literature analysis

• Some national publications exist• Antov et. al. (2013): „Pedestrian safety at urban crossings in Estonia”

• Unfallforschung der Versicherer (2013): „Untersuchungen zur Sicherheit von Zebrastreifen“

• Austrian motorist club (ÖAMTC) (2015): “Schutzwegsicherheit – ausreichende Beleuchtung als wesentlicher Beitrag zur erhöhten Fußgängersicherheit“

• Olszewski et. al. (2015): „Pedestrian fatality risk in accidents at unsignalizedzebra crosswalks in Poland”

• Not a lot of studies comparing different countries• A 2008 EuroTest study comparing 8 countries

• Online article by DEKRA: „One in four pedestrian accidents in Europe happens at a crosswalk”


4. Methodology

• Analysis of road traffic accident statistics for the number of killed and injured on pedestrian crossings

• Sources:• Statistical publications

• Statistical databases

• Direct inquires

• Analysis period 2015-2017

• Calculation of road traffic death and injury rate (killed / injured per 1 million inhabitants and year)

• Problems:• Insufficient level of details in official statistics

• Accessibility of data

• Incomplete information on the data collection methodology

• Language barriers


4. Methodology


5.1 Results - Killed


0.07

0.26

0.41

0.91

1.06

1.22

1.65

2.10

2.27

2.37

2.68

3.04

6.00

6.47

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Great Britain

Germany

Netherlands

Sweden

Belgium

Finland

Austria

Italy

Slovakia

Latvia

Czechia

Estonia

Lithuania

Poland

Killed at pedestrian crossings per 1 mio inhabitants and year

5.1 Results - KilledKilled on pedestrian crossings per 1 million inhabitants and year 2015-2017


5.1 Results - Killed


0.24%

0.65%

1.31%

1.81%

2.61%

2.90%

3.25%

3.45%

3.80%

4.30%

4.42%

6.45%

8.32%

8.38%

0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00%

Great Britain

Germany

Netherlands

Belgium

Finland

Latvia

Austria

Sweden

Italy

Slovakia

Czechia

Estonia

Lithuania

Poland

Share of fatalities at PC on all road traffic fatalities

5.2 Results - Injured


15.63

41.68

60.98

64.60

76.89

95.30

99.83

101.61

112.19

124.92

146.47

171.38

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Great Britain

Finland

Latvia

Germany

Slovakia

Italy

Sweden

Poland

Belgium

Austria

Estonia

Lithuania

Injured on pedestrian crossings per 1 million inhabitants and year

5.2 Results - InjuredInjured at pedestrian crossings per 1 million inhabitants and year 2015-2017


5.3 Results - Correlation


Pearson's r p

RTDR at PC - RTIR at PC 0.604 * 0.038 RTDR at PC - RTDR general 0.412 0.162 RTIR at PC - RTDR general 0.745 ** 0.003 * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001

5.4 Summary of results

• Strong differences in the road traffic death and injury rates betweenEuropean countries

• Highest road traffic death rates in Poland and Lithuania

• No spatial systematic found with road traffic injury rates

• Correlation between road traffic death and injury rates


6. Discussion

• Significant correlation between road traffic death and injury rates shows that fatalities and injuries are a complex that needs to be analysed and treated simultaneously

• Differences between the countries could to some extend be attributed to differences in the prevalence of pedestrian crossings

Source: Ekman, Hyden (1999): „Pedestrian Safety in Sweden“


7. Outlook

• Open question:• What are the reasons for the strong differences between the countries?

• Next steps:• Comparison of national design guidelines

• Observation of behaviour of traffic participants


Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]+49 3643 584457IG: @european.zebra

Sources

Antov, D., Rõivas, T., Pashkevich, M., & Ernits, E. (2013). Safety assessment of pedestrian crossings. In A. Pratelli (Ed.),

Transport Systems and Traffic Engineering: v.2. Urban Street Design & Planning (Vol. 1, pp. 41–53). WIT Press.

https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-847-3/005

DEKRA Automobil GmbH (2018). One in four pedestrian accidents in Europe happens at a crosswalk. https://www.dekra-

roadsafety.com/en/one-in-four-pedestrian-accidents-in-europe-happens-at-a-crosswalk/

Ekman, L., & Hyden, C. (1999). Pedestrian Safety in Sweden.

https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/99091/index.cfm

Eurostat (2019a). Persons killed in road accidents by type of road: (CARE data).

Eurostat (2019b). Population on 1 January by age and sex.

EuroTest (2008). Pedestrian crossings survey in Europe.

Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V. (2013). Untersuchungen zur Sicherheit von Zebrastreifen.

https://udv.de/download/file/fid/7870

Lietuvos automobilių kelių direkcija prie Susisiekimo ministerijos (2018). Statistics of Fatal and Injury Road Accidents in

Lithuania,: 2014-2017. Vilnius.

MINISTERSTVO VNÚTRA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY (2017, January 6). Prehľad o dopravných nehodách chodcov.: Za obdobie

od 01.01. do 31.12.2016 a porovnanie s rovnakým obdobím minulého roka. Územie: Slovensko.

http://www.minv.sk/lnisdn/statistika/20170106_192621.803_2016-12-MS/statistika/mesacna/chodr/chodr-SR.html


Sources

MINISTERSTVO VNÚTRA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY (2018, February 17). Prehľad o dopravných nehodách chodcov.: Za

obdobie od 01.01. do 31.12.2017 a porovnanie s rovnakým obdobím minulého roka. Územie: Slovensko.

http://www.minv.sk/lnisdn/statistika/20190116_194016.728_2017-12-MS/statistika/mesacna/chodr/chodr-SR.html

Nosé, D., Etl, F., Schönlechner, C., & Lang, M. (December 2015). Schutzwegsicherheit – ausreichende Beleuchtung als wesent-

licher Beitrag zur erhöhten Fußgängersicherheit. Vienna.

Olszewski, P., Szagała, P., Wolański, M., & Zielińska, A. (2015). Pedestrian fatality risk in accidents at unsignalized zebra

crosswalks in Poland. Accident; Analysis and Prevention, 84, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.008

Reditelství služby dopravní policie Policejního prezidia Ceské republiky (2016). PREHLED O NEHODOVOSTI NA POZEMNÍCH

KOMUNIKACÍCH V CESKÉ REPUBLICE: za rok 2015. Praha.

Reditelství služby dopravní policie Policejního prezidia Ceské republiky (2017). PREHLED O NEHODOVOSTI NA POZEMNÍCH

KOMUNIKACÍCH V CESKÉ REPUBLICE: za rok 2016. Praha.

Reditelství služby dopravní policie Policejního prezidia Ceské republiky (2018). ROČENKA NEHODOVOSTI: NA POZEMNÍCH

KOMUNIKACÍCH V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE ZA ROK 2017. Praha.


https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.008

Sources

Statistics Finland. Killed and injured in road traffic accidents by road user group, age and gender, type of accident and traffic

area in 2012-2019.

https://tieliikenneonnettomuudet.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/Tieliikenneonnettomuudet/Tieliikenneonnettomuudet__1_Ti

enkayttajat/030_tienk_tau_103.px/?rxid=9271145e-3ec4-4e8f-9785-59a4ffafa7dd

Statistisches Bundesamt. Verkehrsunfälle: Zeitreihen. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-

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