Comparing Plant and Animal CellsChapter 1 Lesson 2

What we already know…

▪ All living things are made of cells

▪ Some animals and plants are made of many cells and some are only made of one single cell

▪ But, plant and animals cells are not identical

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Similarities of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both have a cell membrane

▪ Cell membranes are a thin layer that surrounds and holds cells together

▪ Kind of like how skin holds us together!

Cell Membrane

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both are filled with Cytoplasm

▪ Cytoplasm is a gel like substance containing chemicals needed by the cell.

Cytoplasm

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both cells have a Nucleus

▪ The Nucleus is the information and control center of the cell. ▪ Kind of like your brain!

▪ The nucleus is also where DNA is stored.

▪ DNA is the chemical inside cells that stores information about an organism.

Difference:

▪ Some large animal cells have more than one nucleus. All plant cells only have one.

Nucleus

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both have mitochondria.

▪ Mitochondria is an organelle that uses oxygen to break down food and release energy in chemical bonds.▪ Kind of like your digestion

system!

Difference

▪ Animal cells mainly use Mitochondria for their energy. Plants use something called chloroplast.

Mitochondria

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both have Vacuoles

▪ Vacuoles store substances such as food, water, and waste products▪ Like a storage facility

Difference

▪ Animal cells have many small Vacuoles. Plants have one large vacuole.

Vacuoles

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ Both have Ribosomes

▪ Ribosomes are a protein builder of the cell

Ribosomes

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ They both have endoplasmic reticulum

▪ Endoplasmic Reticulum are a system of tubes that processes and transports proteins outside the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

▪ They both have Golgi Bodies

▪ Golgi Bodies package and distribute proteins that provide structure to the cell

Golgi Bodies

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

Plant Cells Have Cell Walls

• Cell Walls are the outer part of a plant cell that provides structure to the cell

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

Plant Cells Have Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts capture the light energy from the sun to make food

Similarities and Differences of Plan and Animal Cells

Animal cells have Lysosomes.

• Lysosomes break down substances in the cell.

Cells Store and Use energy

▪ The energy that cells need comes originally from the sun.

▪ Chloroplasts in plant cells trap the sun’s light energy and change it into chemical energy.

▪ The chemical energy is stored in chemical bonds between atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.▪ Atoms are the basic unit of matter.

Cells Store and Use energy

▪ Chemical bonds hold the atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen together to form molecules. ▪ Molecules are the smallest particle of a substance that has all

the properties of the substance.

▪ Cells can combine these molecules with other atoms to form larger molecules.

Cells Store and Use energy

▪ Both plant and animal cells break down these molecules by breaking the chemical bonds.

▪ Energy is released when these bonds are broken and the cells can either use it or store it.

Cells Store and Use energy

▪ The mitochondria in plant and animal cells use oxygen to release the energy in these chemical bonds.

▪ Cells store energy in ATP molecules. ▪ ATP molecules are high-energy molecules that store energy in

a form the cells can easily use.

▪ When the cells need energy, the ATP is broken down to release energy.

Cells Store and Use Information

▪ Remember: the nucleus in plant and animal cells is the control center of the cell and contain the DNA of the cell.

▪ The DNA has instruction for all the cell’s activities.

▪ One activity is putting together protein molecules.

▪ DNA and RNA molecules work together in the cell to make these proteins.

Cells Store and Use energy

▪ The DNA in the cell’s nucleus determines what type of cell it is.

▪ When a cell divides into two cells, the DNA is copied so that each cell has the same DNA instructions.

Cell Division