compare and contract perenialism and essentialism
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COMPARE AND CONTRACT PERENIALISM AND ESSENTIALISM
M Shahbaz ShamasIER (University of the Punjab)
All Rights Reserved
Originator:THE FOUNDER OF THE ESSENTIALIST
MOVEMENT
WILLIAM.C.BAGLEY(1874-1946)
Major Essentialist authorsBagleyBriggsBreedKandelHorne
THREE FACTS OF ESSENTIALISMBASICALLY ESSENTIALISM FOCUS ON
THREE FACTSEVALUATION OF CARRICULUMDIFFERENCE BETWEEN ESSENTIAL AND
NON ESSENTIAL IN SCHOOL PROGRAMMEESTABLISHMENT OF TEACHER’S
AUTHORITY IN CLASS ROOM.
Goals of education IT EMPHASIZE INSTRUCTION IN NATURAL
SCIENCES RATHER THAN NON DESCIPLINES SUCH AS PHILOSOPHY OR COMPARATIVE RELIGION
ELEMENTRY STUDENTS RECEIVE INTRUCTION IN SKILLS SUCH AS WRITING , READING, AND COMPUTER
Goals of education EVEN WHILE LEARNING ART AND MUSIC
SUBJECTS MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY
THE STUDENT ARE REQUIRED TO MASTER A BODY OF INFORMATION AND BASIC TECHNIQUES GRADUALLY MOVING FROM LESS TO MORE COMPLEX SKILLS AND DETAILED KNOWLEDGE
TEACHERTHE TEACHER IS AN ORGANISER OF
LEARNING SITUATIONS WHO TRANSMIT ELEMENTS OF CULTURE AND SCIENCE.
CURRICULUMTHE ESSENTIALIST CURRICULUM”AN
IRREDUCIBLE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, ATTITUDES COMMON TO DEMOCRATIC
CLASS ROOMESSENTIALIST TEACHER FOCUS HEAVILY
ON ACHIEVEMENT TEST SCORES AS A MEAN OF EVALUATING PROGRESS
ESSENTIALIST HOPES THAT WHEN STUDENT LEAVE SCHOOL THEY WILL POSSESS:
BASIC SKILLDISCIPLINED PRACTICAL MIND
Perennialism Classical Realism in Educational Philosophy
Perennialism: major authorsAristotleAquinalHutchinsAdlerLivingstone
PerennialismAllegiance to absolute principles
Permanence is more real than change and more desirable as an ideal
Stability is the most important educational value.
EDUCATIONEducation is preparation for life
EDUCATIONEducation is preparation for lifeEducation’s task is to teach eternal truth
CurriculumCurriculum should be the great works of
literature, philosophy, history & science
Strengths and Weaknesses of PerennialismAssumptionsCurriculumMethodologyContexts
PerennialismPeople possess and share a common
nature that defines them as human beings
Follows Aristotle and Aquinas (Realism)
Rationality of human nature in all times and places
All people may find universal truth and live according to its values
Study classic literature and arts to discover enduring truth and beauty
PerennialismEducation
School is an intellectual agency with a primary purpose to develop human reason (greatest happiness comes from exercising and applying reason)
Education should be universal, leading students to discover truth and make logical choices accordingly
Support a general curriculum, not a specialized one, based on valuable skills and subject matter
Critical of “presentism” and specialization that comes too early (general, liberal education should come first)
THANKS YOU
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