comparative education in india: a mirage? · teaching comparative education: a neglected discipline...
TRANSCRIPT
Recent Trends in Comparative Education
Research in India
Jandhyala B G TilakNational University of Educational Planning & Administration New Delhi, INDIA
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Increasing Need for comparative education studies
Increasingly becoming globalised/inter-dependent world
Increasing interest in other countries
Lessons to learn from others
Reduce the gap between the developing and advanced countries
What happens in one country may influence developments in others
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Increasing interest in India in
How neo-liberal policies worked in various countries
EFA: Compulsory basic education: historical and contemporary
Financing mechanisms in various countries
What are the governance systems
From North to South.. South to South
Look to East …East Asian countries … China
BRICS …………
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Comparative Education is dead;Long Live Comparative Education
.. Stephen Hyeneman
As a discipline of study Not a recognisable status currently
As an area of research Rising number of researchers
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Comparative Education under a different name
Most of us are doing research in comparative education without realising that we are doing it
(George Psacharopoulos)
It became diverse and a multidisciplinary field
Lost its specific identity.. !!
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Origins of Comparative Education in India
Teaching Comparative Education started with
British education
USSR vs USA
West/North
…….
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Teaching Comparative Education: A neglected discipline in India
‘Education’ as a discipline of study, and research in educational studies losing its popularity
Professional comparative education – a special/optional paper
B.Ed./M.Ed.: One/two year courses – not much scope for comparative education
Others
Masters programme (2 years) in Education
Social Sciences, specialisation in Economics, Sociology, Political Science, History,
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Status of Comparative Education
As a discipline of study: Long neglected
declining priority in teaching
Very few textbooks in comparative education
Very few doctoral/M.Phil dissertations in comparative education (e.g., RP Singh)
Research in comparative studies: growing
But not in comparative education as an area of teaching and scholarly study/research
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Research Institutes in Educational Studies
Very few
University Departments (other than B.Ed. and M.Ed programmes)
Zakir Hussian Centre for Educational Studies (JNU)
Indian Institute of Education
NIEPA/NUEPA: Comparative Education introduced recently; closed; yet to emerge
NCERT: Comparative Education closed long ago
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Research in Comparative Studies
Multiple frames of reference and units of analysis
International: Inter-country comparative
Regional: Inter-State/district, rural and urban
Comparisons between Population groups
Gender
Social groups: religion and caste
Economic groups
Public and private
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Main Actors/Promoters
World Bank .. √ √ Inter-country comparative studies
UNESCO, IIEP, UNICEF UNDP .. √ inter-state comparative studies in India
Universities – Departments of Education .. ! Centres for Area Studies
Centre for South Asian Studies Centre for East Asian Studies Centre for Latin American Studies Centre for African Studies
Comparative Education Societies … ! !
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Research in Sociology of Education Education, society and development
(Shukla)
Social inequality in education
Women’s education
Gender studies
Comparisons between
Caste/tribe (Gore, Desai, Suma Chitnis..)
religion
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Research Studies in Economics of Education: Issues
Contribution of education to economic growth
Rate of return
National and cross-national comparisons
Mostly state/district level studies
Analysis of demand and manpower
Internal efficiency and quality
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Studies in Economics of Education Studies on costs of education
Financing patterns
Inter-state comparisons on public efforts
University finances (ICSSR…
DPEP studies on state finances
Household expenditure on education
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Economics of Education
Role of the State vs markets
Public vs private education
State/area specific studies
Costs of education
Internal efficiency
External efficiency
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Trends in Research in Education: Issues
Teaching/Class room practices
Curriculum
Evaluation
Teacher training
Globalisation
Governance
Private
Corruption
Education Inter-disciplinary
Access
Equity
Quality
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Trends in Research in Education: Levels
Education Primary
Elementary
Higher
Neglect of Secondary Education
Neglect of Vocational/Profl edn
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Trends in Research in Education: Nature
Academic/
Scholarly
Policy
Evaluation
Consultation
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Comparative Policy Studies: Issues
EFA:
School achievement (NCERT..
Elementary Education (Vaidyanathan/UNDP..
EFA studies (NIEPA..
Compulsory Education Acts in various states in India
Achievement levels
Educational administration: series of state level studies (NUEPA..)
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Policy Studies: Current Issues
Financing
Public financing
Grants in aid in secondary education (NIEPA/NUEPA…
Fees and Fee Policies
Fees in Public vs private institutions
Student loans in different countries
Aid Policies
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Policy and Evaluative Studies
Public Policies
EFA .. Free and compulsory education
Education governance
Evaluative Studies
Operation blackboard
Noon Meals
Para teachers
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Very few education journals in India
Indian Educational Review
Perspectives in Education
Journal of Educational Planning and Administration
New Frontiers in Education
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Social Science journals are many
in
Economics
Sociology
Development studies
With many articles on education
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Recent Shifts in Research
From universities to research institutions
‘Conceptual/theoretical’ to ‘Empirical’ research
From Empirical to contemporary policy focused
From West towards East
Less interest in UK, USA
Growing interest in China/East Asia (China, Singapore, Australia), BRICS
More appropriate
Institutional research to individual research
Academic Research to consultancy research
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
To sum up Comparative Education as a field of study
Teaching and research: Much neglected
very limited growth
Not much popular
No specific methodology ?
Research in Comparative studies in education
Sizeable and growing
More by social scientists
and inter-disciplinary
Jandhyala Tilak/Comparative Edn India
Comparative Education Society of India
A good start in late 1970s and early 1980s
Never picked up the momentum
Gradual Steady and slow fall
Revival in 2010
Re-emerging
Thank youProfessor Jandhyala B G Tilak
National University of Educational Planning and AdministrationNew Delhi 110016, INDIA
Email: [email protected]