comp101-computer skills chapter 5 …...chapter 5 introduction to the internet 3 introduction to the...

Chapter 5 Introduction to the Internet 1

COMP101-COMPUTER SKILLS Chapter 5

Introduction to the Internet


Course Contents

• Introduction to the Internet

• Types of Internet Connections

• Web Browsers

• Internet Advantages and Disadvantages

• Things on Internet

• Internet Communication

• Internet Ethics & Internet Threats

• Internet security



Introduction

• Internet refers to network of networks.

• In this network each computer is recognized by a globally unique address known as IP address.

• Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web.



Development

• The concept of Internet was originated in 1969.

• The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET).

• ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Defense.



WWW (World Wide Web)

• The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet.

• The Web uses the HTTP protocol to transmit data.

• Web documents contain graphics, sounds, text and video.



Internet Service Providers (ISP) • Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company

offering access to internet. Such as, Omantel and Ooredoo

• ISP can provide different methods for Internet connections with different characteristics and different costs.


Internet Service Providers (ISP)

They offer various services:

• Internet Access

• Domain name registration

• Dial-up access

• Leased line access



How to Connect to Internet

Figure 5.1 Connect to Internet


Types of Internet Connections


• Dial-Up.

• DSL

• ADSL

• SDSL

• Wireless.

• Satellite.


Dial-up

• Dial up connections are the oldest, most out of date connections still available today.

• They are incredibly slow, unreliable, take up your phone line, and they make the very loud and annoying dial up sound when connecting to the internet.

• The only real benefit of a dial up connection is that it is reasonably priced .


DSL

• DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line.

• In a DSL connection you are using a 2 way phone line to connect to the internet, without disturbing your phone.

• DSL is the most common form of home internet connection today, and is also very popular for small businesses.

• The two basic common types of DSL are ADSL and SDSL.



Figure 5.4 Access Internet DSL connection


ADSL and SDSL

• ADSL is abbreviation of Asymmetric Digital Subscribers Line.

• Its distinguishing characteristic is that the upload and download speeds are different. Usually the download speed is faster than the upload speed.

• SDSL stands for symmetric DSL, and its distinguishing characteristic is that the upload and download speeds are the same.


Satellite Internet Connection

• Satellite Internet connection offers high speed connection to the internet.

• Satellite Internet connection can help you obtain high-speed Internet if you live in rural areas where cable, DSL, ADSL and fiber-optic Internet are not available.




Figure 5.6 Access Internet satellite connection


• Wireless internet is like satellite, however instead of using a satellite orbiting the earth you are using cell phone towers to connect to the internet.

• This is a little bit faster and cheaper than satellite (generally).

• It is slightly less convenient; coverage not available everywhere.

• It is still slower and more expensive than DSL.

Wireless


• Is the application program used to open any website.

• Govern with TCP/IP set of protocols.

Examples

• Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple Safari.

Web Browser


• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

• TCP/IP is a set of rules (protocols) governing communications among all computers on the Internet.

• More specifically, TCP/IP dictates how information should be packaged (turned into bundles of information called packets), sent, and received, as well as how to get to its destination.

TCP/IP


HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

• HTTP is a communication protocol.

• It defines mechanism for communication between (clients) browser and the web server.

• The communication between browser and server takes place in request and response pairs.

HTTP


Domain Names or Web Site addresses are composed of the following parts:

1. The Protocol: e.g. http followed by (:) and (//).

2. WWW: This means that this address is a World Wide Web address.

3. Domain Name: the name or the abbreviation of the registered Organization or, may be, the person who are registered to get a web address.

Web Address


• Domain names are used to identify one or more IP addresses.

• Domain Name System helps to resolve the host name to an address.

For example : http://unizwa.edu.om/index.php?contentid=173

• the domain name is unizwa.edu.om

Domain Name

http://unizwa.edu.om/index.php?contentid=173












Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top

level domain (TLD) it belongs to.

Top level domain (TLD) Purpose

.gov Government Agencies

.edu Educational Institutions

.org Organizations (nonprofit)

.mil Military

.com Commercial Business

.net Network Organizations

Info Informative Internet Resources

Domain Name (continue)

Table 5.2 Top level domain (TLD)


Different countries use different suffixes, usually two letters.

Abbreviation for Country Country Name

.om Oman

.ae United Arab Emirates

.qa Qatar

.kw Kuwait

.bh Bahrain

.iq Iraq

.in India

.uk United Kingdom

Domain Name (continue)

Table 5.3 country domain


• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) refers to a web address which uniquely identifies a document over the internet.

• The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use.

• The second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located.

• Example - http://unizwa.edu.om

URL

http://unizwa.edu.om/








• Faster Communication - Technology

• Information Resources

• Education

• Entertainment for Everyone

• Social Networking and Staying Connected

• Online Services and E-commerce

Internet Advantages


• Theft of Personal information

• Spamming

• Malware Threats / Virus threat

• CyberCrime

Internet Disadvantages


Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of information such as text, graphics, sound and software over the internet.

• Communication Services

• Information Services

• Web Services

• WWW-(World Wide Web) Services

Things on Internet


E-mail (Electronic Mail)

• E-mail is an extremely popular method of electronic communication.

• It offers an efficient, inexpensive and real time mean of distributing information among people.

• Every mail box has a unique name referred to as email account/address.

• The most popular domains that provide email service are Yahoo, Gmail and Hotmail.

Things on Internet


• Website is a location on web and is hosted on a web server.

• It is a set of related web pages.

• It is accessed using Internet address known as Uniform Resource Locator.

Website


Static Websites

• Contain only static information.

• User can only read the information but can’t do any modification or interact with the information.

Dynamic Websites

• It is possible to change a portion of a web page without loading the entire web page.

• It’s require server application language like PHP , Asp.NET, JSP etc.

Website (continue)


• To upload can refer to the sending of data from a local system to a remote system such as a server or another client.

• To download means to receive data to a local system from a remote system.

Example : Email box, YouTube Downloader, uTorrent

Downloading and Uploading Files


• Internet communication refers to the number of different ways people can communicate over the World Wide Web.

• It includes chat rooms, email, instant messaging, forums, social networking sites and voice over IP

Internet Communication


The Business Value of Social Media

• Developing social networks through the use of social media adds value to businesses.

• In the past, organizations relied on sales people, customer support and public relations to build their social capital.



• Alternatively referred to as a virtual community.

• A social networking website that brings people together to talk, share ideas and interests, or make new friends.

• This type of collaboration and sharing of data is often referred to as social media.

Example: Facebook, Twitter.

Social Networking


• Facebook is a social networking site that connects users to friends, family, co-workers, groups and businesses.

• Users create profiles and develop a network in which they can exchange information, share thoughts, photos, news stories and much more.

Facebook


• Twitter is an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short 140-character messages called "tweets".

• Registered users can read and post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.

Twitter


Social Networking

• Chat allows for real-time interactive conversations over the Internet. Chat allows groups of people to communicate.

• Instant Messaging (IM) is a type of chat service that allows participants to create private channels.

• Example: Yahoo! Messenger, MSN Messenger and AOL Instant Messenger. Skype, Whatapps, IMO, Viber, Wechat, LINE.



• Blogs (short for weblog) is a personal online journal that is frequently updated and intended for general public consumption.

• It is a kind of web site that is updated regularly, with content about almost anything.

• Blogs generally represent the personality of the author or reflect the purpose of the Web site that hosts the blog.

• Blog is a Content Management System (CMS), an easy way of publishing articles on the internet.

Blogs


• A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

• The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files.

• General search engine - Bing, Google, Yahoo!

• Metasearch search engine - Blingo, WebCrawler, DeeperWeb.

• Education search engine - Noodle Education, Google Scholar.

Web search engine


Internet privacy

• Internet privacy is the privacy and security level of personal data published via the Internet.

• Is the ability to control what information you would accept to be revealed about yourself over the Internet, and control who can access that information.

Internet Ethics & Internet Threats


Internet privacy

• Your personal email can be used by third parties without your knowledge.

• Without you knowledge, third parties can track the websites you have visited.



Internet Threats

Internet privacy risks

• The Internet represents an insecure channel for exchanging information, leading to a high risk of Intrusion or Phishing.

Threats

• A web threat is any threat that uses the World Wide Web to facilitate cybercrime.

• Web threats use multiple types of malware and fraud.



Internet Threats

Intrusion

• Breaking into computers and computer networks, either for profit or just a challenge.

Phishing

• An Internet hacking activity used to steal secure user data, including username, password, bank account number, security PIN or credit card number.



Internet Threats

Pharming

• An Internet hacking activity used to redirect a legitimate website visitor to a different IP address.

Spyware

• An offline application that obtains data without a user's consent.

• When the computer is online, previously acquired data is sent to the spyware source.



Internet Threats

Malware

• An application used to illegally damage online and offline computer users through Trojans, viruses and spyware.

Viruses

• Small pieces of software that attach themselves to a real program.

Worms

• Are self-replicating computer programs.



Internet Threats

Trojan horses

• Harmful piece of software that looks legitimate.

Adware

• Software package, which automatically plays, or displays advertisements to a computer.

Spam

• Spam may be defined as unwanted emails. Spam is usually considered to be electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings.



Internet security

Internet security relies on specific resources and standards for protecting data that gets sent through the Internet. It helps to safeguard data.

Internet privacy violation risks may be minimized, as follows:

• Always use preventative software applications, such as anti-virus, anti-malware, anti-spam and firewalls.

• Avoid shopping on unreliable websites.

• Avoid exposing personal data on websites with lower security levels.

• Clear the browser's cache and browsing history on a consistent basis.

• Always use very strong passwords consisting of letters, numerals and special characters.

Internet security


Internet security : Methods to Protect the Transfer of Data

Encryption: Is the process of transforming original information into unreadable data before sending through the Internet.

• Usually encrypted web pages are identified by “https” instead of “http” for the protocol in their web address starter.

Firewall: It is hardware or software that controls the access between networks.

• It is usually used as a shield between private networks and the Internet.

• All the messages whether incoming or outgoing must pass

through the firewall, and only authorized traffic is allowed.

Internet security


Antivirus Programs

• Antivirus Programs and Internet Security Programs are also useful in protecting computer.

Examples:

• Bitdefender Internet Security

• Kaspersky Internet Security

• McAfee Internet Security

• Norton Internet Security with Backup

• Avira Internet Security Suite

Internet security

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