Comp Book Question & Answer

Cells divide for growth, repair, & replacement. If cell division results in two identical cells, then how is it that siblings do not look identical? I get DNA from my mother’s and father’s cells and so did my brother. Yet, we do not look alike. Please explain what is going on for variety or diversity to exist. Mitosis is basically the cloning of cells.

You are not the Mother . . .

1. Why must a mother’s DNA match that of her biological children? Why would Damian expect half of the children’s DNA to come from their mother? Why not 30 or 70 %?

2. http://www.safeshare.tv/w/kzScutEBFR

Meiosis2.) What is the process by which DNA is transmitted to offspring? How does only half of the genetic material of the parent get transmitted to the child?

2A - Draw the process of Mitosis and Meiosis. Please identify where two major differences are occurring in the processes.2B - Explain how the function of Mitosis differs from the function of Meiosis?

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis – Somatic Cells (non-sex cells) and results in 2 identical cells (Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction)

Meiosis – Sex Cells (sperm or egg) and results in 4 non-identical cells “gametes” (sexual reproduction)

You are not the Mother . . .

2. What is the process by which DNA is transmitted to offspring? How does only half of the genetic material of the parent get transmitted to the child?

Surrogate Mother and In vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization – involves sperm fertilizing the egg outside of the organism implanted into female (same father another egg/or her egg)

Surrogate Mother – carrying someone’s baby, similar to In Vitro (same father another egg)

What is going on?

Why is their a 25% match of DNA between Lillian and her children?

Hypothesis 1

1. The children’s DNA did not match Lillian’s because . . . the children were not hers biologically; rather, they were children of Dwayne and Lillian’s sister.

Hypothesis 2

The children’s DNA did not match Lillian’s because . . . the children were Lillian’s grandchildren – the children of Dwayne and a hypothesized daughter of Lillian.

Hypothesis 3

The children’s DNA did not match Lillian’s because . . . The children are the result of in vitro fertilization with a donated oocyte or egg cell.

Hypothesis 4

The children’s DNA did not match Lillian’s because . . . She had acted as a surrogate mother for the children and had not surrendered the children to the parents upon birth.

Hypothesis 5 ?

What is going on? Please write a sentence or two to explain what you think is going on.

Student Hypothesis

What if Lydia/Lillian was a surrogate for her mother? Although this sounds ridiculous, what percentage of the DNA would Lillian/Lydia share with the children that she carried?

Does Lillian/Lydia have a sister?

Question

How could twins play a role in how Lydia is not considered to be the mother? Which twin case is more likely to explain the case study, identical twins or fraternal twins? Please explain.

Part II – A Strange Child

Chimera

Fraternal Twins – non-identical

Two eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm cells. Fraternal Twins can share up to 50%

A normal Chimera?

If the other set of DNA matches gender then there will be no appearance of abnormality

We could verify the Dr. by . . .

Analyze the DNA from different places on her body.