comp 15 - usability and human factors unit 4a - human factors and healthcare this material was...
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Comp 15 - Usability and Human Factors
Unit 4a - Human Factors and Healthcare
This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC000003.
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Overview
• Introduction to human factors principles• Applied cognitive psychology/selective
attention• Patient safety• Understanding human errors• A Systems-centered approach to human
errors• Mental workload• Medical devices
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Human Factors & Health Care
Health Devices Electronic Health Record Systems
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Human Factors and HCI Redux
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Human Factors and HCI Redux
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History of Human Factors
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Why is Human Factors Increasingly Important
• Diversity of user groups
• Complexity of systems
• Increased use of technology
• Increased “costs” of human error
• Societal emphasis on well-being and quality of life
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Human Factors Objective
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Examples of Application Areas
• Military• Highway systems
– e.g. readability and comprehensibility of signs• Automobile design and driver behavior• Human-computer systems• Healthcare and patient safety• Aging and accessibility• Nuclear power• Workplace layout and furnishings• Airline industry
– e.g. pilot workload, aircraft design, automation, aircraft maintenance
• Quality control
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Nuclear Power Plant Control Room
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Airplane Cockpit
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Human Factors in Medicine
• Infusion pumps
• Anesthesia equipment
• Medication errors
• Effects of fatigue on resident’s performance
• Judgmental limitations in medical decision making
• Inadequate infection control
• Unintended consequences of automation
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Human Factors/Ergonomics (Carayon, 2007)
• Scientific discipline concerned with understanding interactions– Among humans– Other elements of a system
• Profession that applies theory, principles, data, methods to design to optimize: – human well-being – overall system performance
• System can be a technology, device, person, team, organization, policy, etc.
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Human Factors Ergonomics:3 Major Domains
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Physical Ergonomics
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Organizational Ergonomics
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Cognitive Ergonomics
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Human Factors & Applied Cognitive Psychology
• Applies knowledge about human strengths and limitations to design of interactive systems, equipment, and their environment to ensure their effectiveness, safety, and ease of use
• Perception, attention, memory, mental models and decision making are central to human factors research and analysis
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Human Attention
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Selective Attention
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Information Overload
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Selective Attention
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Divided Attention or Time Sharing
• Time-sharing: – ability to perform more than one cognitive task by
attending to both at once or rapidly switching back and forth between them
• Because cognitive resources for attention are relatively limited, time-sharing often results in a drop in performance for one or both tasks
• People can also “modulate” the resources given to one task or the other
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Human Factors Design Implications
• Reduce the number of competing channels of information
• Make sources of information as distinct as possible
• Provide feedback
• Use redundant cues
• Work/rest scheduling
• Training
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