cómo la irradiación afecta la calidad?
TRANSCRIPT
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Effect of Irradiation on Fruit Quality
Anuradha Prakash
Chapman University
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Outline
• Quality considerations
• Effects of phytosanitaryirradiation on fruit
• Research on blueberries
• Cherries to Vietnam
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Phytosanitary Irradiation of Fruit• Cold treatment
• Phytosanitary doses are low!
• Quality dependent on• Extrinsic factors:
• Dose
• Temperature
• Atmosphere/Packaging
• Handling
• Intrinsic factors: • Variety and cultivar
• Maturity stage
• Climacteric versus non-climacteric
• Composition
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Most fruit can be irradiated between 150-600 Gy with no adverse effects on quality
Sugraone Crimson Red
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Foods 2015, 4, 376-390; doi:10.3390/foods4030376
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Courtesy Marissa Wall, 2012,USDA ARS, Hawaii
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Ethylene and Ripening
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Courtesy Marissa Wall, 2012USDA-ARS, Hilo, Hawaii
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Irradiation- an abiotic stress
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Effect of irradiation on climacteric fruit
Delay in ripening• Banana
• Papaya
• Mango
• Pear
• Treatment of immature fruit- greater delay of ripening
• Treatment of mature fruit- better quality
• Temperature of storage is very important
Acceleration of ripening
• Peaches
• Nectarines
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- Increased respiration rate
J Sci Food Agric 80:1169±1175 (2000)
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Control 0.8 kGy
- Delayed ripening
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http://biology-forums.com/gallery/18099_27_04_12_6_29_54.jpeg
-Acceleration of ripening-Softening
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- Phenolic biosynthesis
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/2/3/259/htm
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Day 1 after irradiation
4 weeks
3 weeks
Control 150 Gy 1000 GyChandler pummelos
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Differences among varieties
Dr. Edmundo Mercado Silva
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Post harvest decay
• Inhibition of fungal rot requires doses >1.5 kGy
• At these dose levels, most fruit show negative impacts on quality• Softness
• Undesirable flavors
• Altered metabolism and ripening
• Combination treatments may help• Hot water dips
• Fungicides
• Controlled/modified atmospheres
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TASC Grant Quality Study objectives
• Dose response studies to determine tolerance of fruit to phytosanitary irradiation
• Determine the effects of distribution and retail conditions
• Compare irradiation to conventional treatments
19
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Comparing irradiation and methyl bromide fumigation in combination with MAP
Harvest
Chapman University
MeBr FumigationIrradiation
Control Irradiation MAP MB IMAP MBMAP
Analytical and Sensory Testing Weekly
Statistical Analysis
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Blueberries
• Climacteric fruit
• Average Shelf-life: 2 weeks
• Optimum Conditions: • Temperature: 31-32°F
• Relative Humidity: 90-95%
• Controlled Atmosphere: 10-15% CO2 and 1-10% O2
• Top-quality Blueberries:• Free from damage & physical defects
• Free from mold growth (Botrytis and Rhizopus rot)
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Treatment conditions
❖ Bluecrop: July and August, CA
❖ Fumigation: Global Pest Management (Long Beach, CA)➢ 21.1°C
➢ 2 h at 32 g/m3
➢ Degas for 4-5 h
❖ Gamma Irradiation: Sterigenics (Tustin, CA)➢ Target dose: 400 Gy
MAP BreatheWay® Membrane MAP bags, (Apio, Inc., Guadalupe,
CA)
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Firmness-Kramer Shear
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Damage and Physical Defects
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Control Irr MB MAP IMAP MBMAP
Treatments
Day
11
38
53
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Consumer-Overall Liking
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Sweet cherries to Vietnam
Air freighted to
Ho Chi Minh City
Unwrapped, ambient temperature retail
display
Quality evaluation
MeBr15.56 °C and 32g/m3 for 3.5 hours
Forced air cooled to
1°C
IrradiationForced air cooled to
1°C
Gamma
400 Gy
Control Maintained cold
Freshly harvested Washington sweet cherries, trucked to Los Angeles
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Transportation Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Tem
pe
ratu
re (
°F)
Control Ambient MeBr Ambient IRR Ambient
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Grading
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Control MB IR
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14 15 17 19
Days
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% Decay
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14 15 17 19Days
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Control MB IR
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Control 400 Gy Fumigated
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Overall Results
• Cannot easily generalize responses of all fruit
• MAP helps maintain quality• Irradiation preserves quality
better than MeBr• Shelf-life may or may not be
better than non-treated fruit
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Considerations for tradeof irradiated produce
• Fruit varieties
• Initial quality
• Maturity at harvest
• Handling
• How is the fruit packed?
• Where is the product exported to?• How long does it take? • Shipping, distribution
and retail conditions
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Challenges to use of phytosanitary irradiation
• Maintaining cold chain – true for any treatment
• Conventional treatments still in use
• Location of irradiation facilities
• Added cost
• Regulatory hurdles
• Willingness of retail outlets to carry irradiated fruit
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Gracias!
Anuradha Prakash
Professor and Program Director
Chapman University
(714) 744-7826