community wind pt#2 market niche

Hudson Valley Community Wind Share etothefourth.com 09/16/2009 1

Greening the Grid with Wind

Part 2 Where is the community wind niche?

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1Wednesday, September 16, 2009

http://etothefourth.com/E_to_the_fourth/Community_Wind/Community_Wind.html


Hudson Valley Community Wind Share etothefourth.com 09/16/2009

US Wind Power is in its infancy. We can make it grow! Here is how.

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What are the wind market niches?

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Different scales of turbines

20 m (66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

typical cell tower

3 story home

Small scale wind

Community scale wind

Utility scale wind

1 to 20kW 50 to 500kW 500kW to 1+MW

~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

45 m (147 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

Familiar heights

<20kW

<500kW

>1MW

uses 880kWh/month

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20 m (66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

typical cell tower

3 story home

Small scale wind


Utility scale wind


~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

45 m (147 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

Familiar heights

Turbines cost ranges

~$30,000+ 1 to 20kW

$300-400,000 50 to 500 kW

~$1 million+ 500kW to 1+MW

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Is there a community wind market niche?

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Micro-to-small scale niche

20 m (66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

typical cell tower

3 story home

Small scale wind


Utility scale wind


~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

45 m (147 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

Familiar heights

Individuals can build small scale wind power.

~$30,000+ 1 to 20kW

$300-400,000 50 to 500 kW

~$1 million+ 500kW to 1+MW

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20 m (66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

typical cell tower

3 story home

Small scale wind


Utility scale wind


~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

45 m (147 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

Familiar heights

Utility scale market

Utility scale companies are building large wind farms in the this end of the market.

~$30,000+ 1 to 20kW

$300-400,000 50 to 500 kW

~$1 million+500kW to 1+MW

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To tie into grid or not

20 m

(66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

Small wind may or may not tie into the grid.

Small scale wind

Utility scale wind

1 to 20kW 50 to 500kW

~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

500kW to 1+MW

Utilty scale wind can afford to build power lines to reach its often remote sites

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Our community wind niche

20 m (66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

typical cell tower

3 story home

Small scale wind


Utility scale wind


~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

45 m (147 ft)

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

Familiar heights

In between, a viable market is opening for medium scale generators.

~$30,000+ 1 to 20kW

$300-400,000 50 to 500 kW

~$1 million+500kW to 1+MW

•Too small for big utilities,

•too big for individuals, the community wind niche has enormous potential for generating electricity•close to where we need it

•at lower costs per kWh produced.

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So what does community wind need to ramp up big time?

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What our wind niche needs 1. Wind!

150 m (500 feet) from nearest tall structure

10 m (30 feet) above highest structure

5.3+ m/s (12mph+) average wind speed at unobstructed hub height

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12 mph (5.4 m/s) or better wind resource 30 feet above nearest disturbance and 500 feet from nearest tall structure.





What our wind niche needs:2. Grid tie-in connections

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20 m

(66 ft)

50 m (164 ft)

80 m (262 ft)

1 to 20kW 50 to 500kW

~ $30,000

turbine cost ranges

~ $1 million

10 m (33 ft)

Hu

b H

eig

ht

of

Tu

rbin

e (

to s

cale

)

500kW to 1+MW

Community wind must tie into a local grid accessible without extensive new power line construction.


Locations with affordable grid-tie connections





What our wind niche needs:3. Affordable sites!

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Affordable land close to existing grid. 10 ALTERNATIVES TO THE INDIAN POINT ENERGY CENTER

gas-fired combined-cycle plants5 are much more efficientthan older or simple-cycle gas turbines.

NYISO has divided the NYCA into 11 zones, shown inFigure 1-3, to assist in pricing and monitoring load flows onthe transmission system. The key zones for this report arethese:

• H, which includes the northern portion of WestchesterCounty, where Indian Point is located;

• I, the rest of Westchester County;• J, New York City; and• K, Long Island outside of New York City.

In accordance with NYSRC standards, NYISO’s goal isfor the bulk power system to have sufficient capacity thatoutages will be less than 1 day in 10 years. This loss-of-loadexpectation (LOLE) is determined by using statistical de-scriptions of the historical availability of each generator andMonte Carlo calculation techniques to compute the expectednumber of days in a 10-year period when the load could notbe supplied. The LOLE is used in determining how muchadditional generation a given area will require for expectedload growth and is likely to continue to be used if IndianPoint is closed.

In addition to sufficient capacity, diversity of fuels pro-vides another element of system reliability. Excessive de-pendence on one fuel source threatens system reliability ifthat fuel supply encounters shortages. Figure 1-4 displaysthe varied contributions of different fuels to the installedcapacity (in megawatts) of the NYCA. Natural gas and oilrepresent 60 percent of the installed capacity, and coal,nuclear, and hydroelectric power account for 39 percent.New York’s new Renewable Portfolio Standard should im-prove fuel diversity. This standard requires 25 percent ofelectricity to be generated from renewable sources by 2013,compared with 19.5 percent now (mainly hydroelectricity,most notably from Niagara Falls).6

The electrical output (actual kilowatt-hours) generated byeach fuel is not proportional to the generating capacity thatuses that fuel. Gas and oil fuel about 38 percent of the total.Coal, nuclear, and hydro power represents most (61 percent)of the power generated in 2004.

Generator owners in the NYCA operate a diverse mix ofgeneration facilities. Figure 1-5 lists the power that can begenerated in each NYCA zone, by technology, during the

FIGURE 1-1 The New York Control Area high-voltage transmission network. SOURCE: New York Independent System Operator.

5These plants combine a gas turbine (similar to a jet engine) with a steamturbine that uses the waste heat from the gas turbine as its energy source.The latest combined-cycle plants can be up to 60 percent efficient, almosttwice as high as most coal or nuclear plants.

6Renewable resources include solar energy, wind, biofuels, and others.Renewables are appealing for a variety of reasons, especially environmen-tal, but most forms have been expensive relative to fossil and nuclear en-ergy. Some technologies (e.g., wind) are now proving to be competitive,and progress in research and development on others is encouraging, as dis-cussed in Chapters 2 and 3. Hydroelectricity is a form of renewable energy,and New York State already receives an abundant supply from NiagaraFalls and other sites, but it is questionable whether hydropower can be ex-panded significantly.

source: NYSDEC Interactive Maps page source: NYISO (high voltage transmission network)





What our wind niche needs:4. Wind-friendly policies

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Wind-friendly state policies and local codes need to be encouraged.State policy drives utility regulation,

power pricing, and grid connectivity for renewables.

Local codes drive local permit thresholds site and approval process for renewables.





Who is doing community wind already?

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Case example #1

wind resource: 5.4 to 7.4 m/s: 6.7 m/s (15 mph) average speed @50 m hub height).

turbine type: Endurance S-250 grid-tie wind turbine (with peak power rating of 5 kilowatts on a 126 foot monopole).

est. install. cost: $_to come_

est. production: 6,000 to 9,000 kwh per year (w/ ave. wind speed.)

site: public forest affiliated with SUNY-ESF nearby in Syracuse installed summer 2009

www.esf.edu/sustainability/action/windturbine.htm

wind resource data: http://firstlook.3tiergroup.com

ESF-Heiberg Memorial Forest, Tully NY

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http://www.esf.edu/sustainability/action/windturbine.htm


http://firstlook.3tiergroup.com



Case example #2

wind resource: 5.6 to 7.9 m/s: 6.8 m/s (15.2 mph) average speed @50 m hub height.

turbine type: Northwind 100 grid-tie wind turbine on a 37 m (121 foot) monopole (with peak power rating of 100 kilowatts at 31 mph).


est. production: _to come_ (kWh) per year (w/ ave. wind speed.)

site: Woods Hole Research Center, installed summer 2009http://www.whrc.org/pressroom/press_releases/pr-2009-7-07-turbine.htm

N.B.:Background image used on these slides depicts this new WHOI turbine with roof of research center just visible at bottom.


Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth MA

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http://www.whrc.org/pressroom/press_releases/pr-2009-7-07-turbine.htm







Potential sites in our area...with wind and land and grid nearby

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Hypothetical site 1


turbine type: NA.



site: Croton Landing Park, owned by Village of Croton-on-Hudson, NY

www.crotononhudson-ny.gov/

• Wind speeds are promising, if not ideal.


Croton Landing Park, Croton-on-Hudson

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Hypothetical site 2


turbine type: NA.



site: State Park Land, owned by New York State

www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/7804.html

• Wind speeds are better than site 1, even though inland due to higher elevation.


FDR State Park, Westchester County NY

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Hypothetical sites


turbine type: NA.



site: State Park Land, owned by New York State

www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/7804.html

• Wind speeds are better than site 1 & 2, due to higher inland elevation.


Fahnestock State Park, Putnam County NY

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Hypothetical site 4


turbine type: NA.



site: State State Natural Resource

Management Area, owned by New York State

www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/7780.html#Rockypoint

• Wind speeds are better than sites 1, 2, & 3, due to LI Sound.


Rocky Point SNRMA, Brookhaven LI

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Wrap up & Resources

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Some thoughts

A good view can indicate a good site for wind. State, county and municipal parks have good views...and happen to have some of the best local wind resources.Is there a partnership we can create?

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some more thoughts...Wind is faster higher above ground. speed @ 20m < 50m < 80m Wind resource software usually projects wind speed ranges for: 20 meters (small scale individual), 50 meters (community wind), & 80 meters (utility scale). We’re focussing on 50 meter range (c 150 foot “cell tower height”).

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Policy Changes NeededRegulation: Any business or homeowner should be able to

generate electricity, i.e. become a “mini-utility.” Price: Utilities should have to buy that electricity at a good

price for a predictable period.

Connectivity: Utilities should have to connect us to the grid.

These 3 policies work great in Europe.

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Private-Public-Partnerships

A Community Wind Power Cooperative needs locations for turbines in order to supply green electricity.A joint effort of the local governments, businesses, non-profits, & residents can work together to help identify good turbine locations.

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The Team...so far...Leo Wiegman, mayor of Croton-on-Hudson; author of forthcoming book, “Climate Solutions” and “Build Your Own Wind Power”; Croton residentJohn Whelan, president of Switch Electrical Contractors; Croton residentEdward A. Robin, director, Alliance America (non-profit); engineer; retired IBM and KPMG Peat Marwick Executive; Croton resident;and growing....

To learn more or sign up for updates, visit the Hudson Valley Community Wind Share site:Click on “Community Wind” at http://etothefourth.com

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http://etothefourth.com/E_to_the_fourht/Community_Wind.html

http://etothefourth.com/E_to_the_fourht/Community_Wind.html

http://etothefourth.com/Communitywind.html/

http://etothefourth.com/Communitywind.html/


Our Government has made the Case for Community Wind

20% Wind Energy by 2030 report 2008 Wind Technologies Market Report New York Small Wind Guide

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http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_pubs.html


http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/small_wind.asp


http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_2030.html

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_2030.html

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/46026.pdf

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/46026.pdf






Wind Resources (alphabetically)

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2008 Wind Technologies Market Report http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/re-pubs.html

American Wind Energy Assoc. Small Wind site www.awea.org/smallwind/

Community Wind 101: A Primer for Policymakers www.ef.org/docs/CommWind_web.pdf

Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency www.dsireusa.org

New York state wind incentives www.powernaturally.org/Programs/Wind/incentives.asp

National Wind Technology Center www.nrel.gov/wind/nwtc.html

Small Wind discussion group http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/small-wind-home/

Smart Grid 101 www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/02/clean_energy_pipeline.html

Toronto’s Windshare Coop www.windustry.org

USDOE’s Wind Powering America www.windpoweringamerica.gov

USDOE’s Small Wind for Homeowners, Ranchers, and Small Businesses www.windpoweringamerica.gov/small_wind.asp

Wind-Works blog www.wind-works.org/articles/community.htm




http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/ems/reports

http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/ems/reports

http://www.awea.org/smallwind/

http://www.awea.org/smallwind/

http://www.ef.org/docs/CommWind_web.pdf

http://www.ef.org/docs/CommWind_web.pdf

http://www.dsireusa.org

http://www.dsireusa.org

http://www.powernaturally.org/Programs/Wind/incentives.asp

http://www.powernaturally.org/Programs/Wind/incentives.asp

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/nwtc.html

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/nwtc.html

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/small-wind-home/

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/small-wind-home/

http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/02/clean_energy_pipeline.html

http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/02/clean_energy_pipeline.html

http://www.windustry.org

http://www.windustry.org

http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov

http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov



http://www.wind-works.org/articles/community.html

http://www.wind-works.org/articles/community.html

community wind pt#2 market niche

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