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COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY &&

SANITATION PROJECTSANITATION PROJECT

SRI LANKASRI LANKA

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Sri Lanka

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PROFILE OF SRI LANKA

• Sri Lanka : An island nation• Land Area : 64,740 sq km• Total population : 20.9 million• Rural population : 16.4 million (78.5%)

– 24% classified as poor.• Life expectancy : Male 70.1 years

: Female 74.8 years• Literacy Rate : Urban 94.6%, Rural 92.5%

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PROFILE OF SRI LANKA (contd.)

• Per capita income $1,540 • Mean Rainfall 2,000 mm• Average Temperature 60o – 90o F• 27% lacks access to safe drinking

water and basic sanitation• MDG target - 100% WSS coverage by

2025

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• 54% of rural population with no access to WSS

• Vulnerability to waterborne diseases• Heavy expenditure by Government on free

medical care• No involvement of beneficiaries - no

mechanism for O&M in previous attempts

PRE-CWSSP SITUATION

This situation led the government to search for an alternative approach

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COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY & COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION PROJECT SANITATION PROJECT

(CWSSP)(CWSSP)

SRI LANKASRI LANKA

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PROJECT CONCEPTS

– People centered

– Demand responsive

– Community plan, construct, own and manage

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES• Provide Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation

Facilities• Improve Health Conditions through Hygiene

Education and Practices

• Enhance Home and Village Environment

• Develop Human Resources and Capacity of Communities • Alleviate Poverty and Improve the quality of life of

rural and estate communities

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APPROACH & STRATEGIES• Participatory Community Development Approach• Beneficiaries play the lead role in the entire process

of implementation• Beneficiaries share minimum 20% of the capital

cost• Communities plan, construct, own, operate and

manage • Entrust heavy responsibilities to Community Based

Organization (CBO) on trust• Encourage economic, social and cultural activities

apart from WSS

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PROJECT COMPONENTS• Village Water Supply • School Water Supply • Sanitation (Village & School)• Hygiene Awareness• Environmental Conservation • Stakeholder Capacity Building• Estate Sector Program• Diversification of CBO activities

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PROJECT FUNDING

CWSSP I (Pilot) (US$)

2nd CWSSP (US$)

World Bank (IDA) 12.5 32.8 Government of Sri Lanka 3.4 6.5 Beneficiary Communities 7.4 9.2 Total 23.3 48.5

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GOVERNING PRINCIPLES• Act of Parliament for the provision of

infrastructure facilities including WSS• Direction & Regulation by Rural Water

Supply & Sanitation Division• Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Policy• Supervision by Provincial Councils• MoUs and Agreements• Auditing

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GOVERNANCE AND POLICY REFORMS Impact on scaling up RWSS• Government commitment to MDGs• Impact of RWSS Policy on other donor agencies and

implementing agencies• Transparency • Equity • Political Will

Sustainable Sanitation• Rural Sanitation Policy• Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund (SRLF) instead of subsidy

culture• Health & Hygiene Education• Home Based Environment • Collaboration with Health & Education Authorities

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INTEGRATED APPROACH - KEY FACTORS

• Awareness creation through mobilization on the inter-linkages among hygiene education, sanitation and water

• Source protection and household level environment programs

• Participatory health monitoring• Involvement of local health staff • Effective coordination at all levels

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SUSTAINABILITY – Factors Contributed

• Effective / innovative community mobilization • Establishment of CBOs by beneficiaries • Creation of sense of ownership from the inception • Implementation activities backed by Training • Community at the center of decision making• Involvement of experienced NGOs as Partners • CBO capacity building • Women playing lead role• Diversification of CBO activities• CBO – prominent partner of local institution network• Insuring CBO assets

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OWNERSHIP ESTABLISHED• Opportunity provided to the Community for:

Water source selectionDecision making on option & service level selectionCost sharing – minimum 20% of capital cost Procurement & Construction Scheme O&M including tariff settingSelection & training care-takers

• Formal vesting of ownership of facilities• Recognition by the Govt:& other organizations• Registration with Govt:

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ACHIEVEMENTS (TANGIBLE)ACHIEVEMENTS (TANGIBLE)

• Construction of 3,497 water schemes• Providing drinking water to over 3 million• Construction of 160,000 toilets• Construction of 16,800Rain WaterHarvesting Tanks

• WSS for 805 schools

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ACHIEVEMENTS (INTANGIBLE)ACHIEVEMENTS (INTANGIBLE)

• Built:Self – relianceSelf confidenceCohesiveness

• Skills development• Improved managerial expertise• Village leadership built up• Strengthened CBO capacity

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CWSSP CWSSP -- OVERALL OUTCOMEOVERALL OUTCOME• Improved health condition• Reduced expenditure on medical bills• Enhanced labour productivity• Increased family income• Improved health condition relieved the Government

from a heavy burden of providing free medical care• Rural communities join the mainstream of

development • Transformation of CBOs as “Village Development

Centers”• Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Policy• National Policy for Rural Sanitation

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The First Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project (1993-98) has been rated as the “Best Practice” and

“Well Managed” Project by the World Bank among 200 similar

projects around the World

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Women in Action

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Village Water Supply

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Rain Water Harvesting

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Plantation Sector Water Supply

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Hygiene Education

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School WSS

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Sanitation under SRLF

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Environmental Conservation

Prize Giving Tree Planting in Catchments

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Diversification of CBO ActivitiesHousehold Garment products

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Diversification of CBO ActivitiesSeed Packeting

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Diversification of CBO Activities

Eco Eco –– friendly Bagsfriendly BagsShoe Making

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Cultural / Religious ActivitiesChildren's Drama Cultural Show

Childrens’ Club Religious Procession

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Opening Ceremony at a Multi-Village Water Supply Scheme

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Dimbula Pathana Water Scheme - Hatton Opening Ceremony organized by CBO

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THANK YOU