community radio for rural development

8/8/2019 Community Radio for Rural Development

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Submitted by:

PGP/13/101- Rahul Aggarwal

PGP/13/121- Shruti Urkude

PGP/13/237- Shiva Kumar


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C ommu n ity radio

Type of radio service that caters to the i nterests of a certai n area , broadcasti ng material that ispopular to a local audie nce but is overlooked by more powerful broadcast groups.

Offers a variety of Programme that are not necessarily catered for by larger corporate radiostatio ns.

Outlets carry i n formatio n programmi ng geared towards the local area

Aligned with commu n ities rather tha n corporatio ns

Commu n ity Liste ners: people livi ng in the Coverage Zo ne of the CRS


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Selected S tate-wise List of Operational Community Radio Stations in India(2009)

States Name of Orga n isatio n

An dhra Pradesh

1.Sri Venketswara Orie n tal C ollege , Tirupathi

2. Sri Vish nu Engg. College for Wome n, Bhimavaram

3. Decca n Developme n t Society , Hyderabad - NGO

Bihar 1. India n In stt. Of Busi n ess Manageme n t , Pat naCha ndigarh 1. Vivek High School , Cha ndigarh

Delhi

1.AJKMass Commu n icatio n Jamia M illia Islamia Delhi

2. India n In stitute of Mass Commu n icatio n, New Delhi

3. Jaga n In stituteof Manageme n t Studies , Rohin i, New Delhi

4. Jaga nn ath Inter natio nal Manageme n t School Vasa n t Kun j, New Delhi

5. Un iversity of Delhi , Delhi

Gujarat

1. Sardar Patel U n iversity , Vallabh Vidaya nagar

2. Mudra Institute of Commu n icatio n, Ahmedabad

3. Mahila Seva Trust , Ahmedabad , Gujarat - NGO

Harya na 1. M .R. Educatio n Trust , Faridabad - NGO

Karnataka

1. Un iversity of Agricultural Scie nces , Dharwad

2. Sri Bhagwa n M ahaveer Jai n College , Bangalore

3. Shree Rama na Maharishi Academy for the Bli n d Ba n galore

4. St. Aloysious C ollege , Mangalore

5. Man ipal Academy of Higher Educatio n (M AHE), Man ipal

Kerala 1. D C School of Man ageme nt & Tech nology , Kottayam

Madhya Pradesh 1. The Society for Developme nt Alter natives , New Delhi at Orchha - NGO


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Community radio

Benefits:

People te nd to trust the people who look , act , and sou nd like themFewer barriers to wome n s access , un like other cha nn els like Mobile/ Inter netMost cost effective method to reach out to the maximum a nd remotest of populatio n

Barriers:

Cost of starti ng is very highCommercial activity a nd reve nue ear n ing is not allowed o n commu n ity radio


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Basic pri nciples i n C ommu n ity Radio Statio n (C RS)

Gain knowledge about the target audie nce a nd the surrou ndingenvironme ntC onsider the people's co nscious ness a nd co ntextBegin from the clie nt's k nowledge base.

Start where the people are

Ensure existe nce of two-way commu n icatio nC on tinuous i n teractio n .Ensure maximum participation of the people being served.

Atte n tio n to the needs a nd culture of the targetShould not alie nate the commu n ity or ma n ipulate their culture

Be sensitive

Recorded group discussio nsUse of area folk media

Encourage creativity among participants

Issue-based programmi ngC ollective actio n for cha ngeEffective lear n ing tech n iques for participa nts

Base programmes on issues


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Scope of community radio

The co n te n t to be made available o n the Rural Radio:

Engageme n t of people with skills , imagi natio n, experie nce a nd ideasTale n t:

Research a nd inn ovatio n in media a nd mediatech nology researchInn ovatio n :

Access to domestic a nd in ter natio nal marketsMarket access:

Educatio n and use of emergi ng informatio n andcommu n icatio n tech nologiesTech nology:

C ross-sectoral , cross-i ndustry a nd multi- natio nallinkages

Conn ectivity:


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Business model for C RS


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The Orga n izatio nal Structure a nd License

Commu n ity Radio Statio n can be set up i n small tow ns or major villages

Fully co ntrolled by the local self gover ned commu n ities with help from

experts

The CRS shall be directly a nswerable to this registered local body

Continuity of services re ndered by the commu n ity radio a nd certai n amou nt of credibility a nd discipli ne

Career prospects for youth from the neighbouri ng villages a nd also gettheir livelihood


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General policy guide li nes for C ommu n ity RadioStatio n

Basic Principles:Explicitly established as a No n -ProfitOwnership should reflect the commu n ity it i n te nds to serve

Programmes releva n t to educatio nal, developme n tal , social a nd cultural needs of the commu n ityM in imum 50% co n te n t locally producedBroadcasti ng of programmes relati ng to news , curre n t affairs , con te n tpolitical/religious i n nature not allowed

Process:Eligible orga n isatio ns get cleara nce withi n 3 mo n ths from the date of applicatio nWithin three mo n ths orga n isatio n set up the C RSLicense issued valid for a period of five years


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General policy guide li nes for C ommu n ity RadioStatio n

Transmitter Power a nd Range:Allowed to cover a ra nge of 5-10 km with a tra nsmitter havi ngmaximum Effective Radiated Power (ERP) of 100 W

In case of prove n needs to serve a larger area or depe nding o n theterrai n higher tra nsmitter wattage with maximum ERP up to 250An te nn a height up to 30 mtr a nd mi n imum of at least 15 mtr topreve n t possibility of biological hazards of RF radiatio n

Other Terms & C onditio ns:C learly specify the geographical commu n ity or the targetcommu n ity it wa n ts to coverProvide the services o n free-to-air basis


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Tech nology a nd Infrastructure:

FM broadcast radio tech nology scores over A M tech nology

Music a nd voice with higher fidelity tha n other available A M radio tech nology

FM signals are not subject to a ny in terfere nces face by A M signals

Can be located i n the ce n trally located place preferably withi n the orga n isatio n premises

Requires mi n100 sq ft room for studio a nd ope n space outside to erect the a n te nn a

Infrastructure optimally desig ned ,in itial capital costs a nd the operatio nal costs/expe nsescould be mi n imised


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C ommu n ity Role a nd e n trepre neurship:

Shari ng best agricultural practises , individual experie nces , solutio ns and culturaleve n ts

Local youth a nd tale n t: a nchori ng programmes a nd produci ng programme co n te n ts

Encourageme n t of local shops for selli ng and electro n ic repairi ng of the eco nomicalradios a nd tra nsistors

The broad brush theme reflecti ng special i n terests a nd needs of the local commu n itywhich have social local releva nce


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Reve nue scope:

Limited advertisi ng and a nn ou nceme n ts relati ng to local eve nts , localbusi ness a nd services a nd employme n ts opportu n ities

Duratio n of ads :max of 5 mi nutes per hour of broadcast

Reve nue utilized o n ly for mai n te nance of its operatio ns, operatio nal expe nsesand capital expe nditure of CRS

Surplus ploughed back i nto the primary activity of the orga n isatio n foreducatio n and other social i n itiatives for the betterme n t of the local society


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C ost- be nefit & Sustai nability

Compo nen t Task Approximate cost (INR)

M ixer Audio mixi ng 5 ,000

M ic Recodi ng and live speech 2 ,000

1 computers Playout a nd editi ng 20 ,000

Gram Vaa n i s GRINS box Scheduli ng, archivi ng, telepho ny 50 ,000

USB recorders Field reporti ng 30 ,000

ransmitter a nd a nte nn a FM broadcast 1 ,00 ,000

Studio setup Sou ndproofi ng, AC , Generator 50 ,000

Initial expe nditure: Rs. 2 ,50 ,000 to Rs. 3 ,00 ,000Daily operatio ns (staff salaries , electricity , generator fuel , travel , etc;)

Rs. 20 ,000 per mo n th

Sample Cost structure: Gram Vaa n i


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C ase Study: ORS C ommu n ity radio , Tanzan ia

Backgrou ndOrko nerei Radio Service (ORS) found in Siman jiro district i n Manyara regio n of norther n Tanzan iaSiman jiro : semi arid a nd most challe nging districts i n Tanzan iaIlliteracy levels 58% agai nst natio nal average of 32%Higher illiteracy caused by poor access to primary educatio n54% of the people u ndersta nd Kiswahili , the li ngua fra nca in Tanzan ia.

The setup of ORS

CRS established for the purpose of: H aving an envisioned, well informed,and knowledgeable pastoral community in development in order to improvelifestyle through information, communication, and education ondevelopment issues and to empower the community to make informed decisions


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Analysis of the

programs aired o n theORS commu n ity radio-

Good perce n tage of airtime is used forprograms aimed atin formatio n flow,

educatio n andconscie nce raisi ng

Music a nd ge neralentertai nme n ts - 39%of airtime

lot of commu n ity

messages are easilycha nn elled throughmusic


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Impacts of ORS commu n ity radio o n developme n t:

Social accou ntability

Lack of accou ntability o n local leaders critical challe nge faci ng rural districts i n Tanzan iaLocal leaders i n collaboratio n with few rich perso ns have created what Chinsinga (2007) calls

local capture

Existence of CR disturbed status quo a nd created parallel power structureHas become the voice of the voiceless

Helped i n the preservatio n and promotio n of positive Maasai culture a nd traditio ns, throughstorytelli ng, song, etc.

Aware ness of people s huma n rights , especially the rights of wome n

Improved efficie ncy in ma naging livestock

Aware ness about e nvironme n t a nd co nservatio n and improved health status especially amo ngwome n


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C ase Study 2: C RS in India - Drishti

Backgrou nd

Gover nme n t of India i n collaboratio n with U n ited Natio ns, led by UNES CO,

orga n ised co nsultatio n meeti ng atte nded by over 150 represe n tatives form GO I, bilateral age ncies , umbrella NGO s, grassroots commu n ity workers , bothmai nstream media a nd commu n ity radio e n thusiasts

Drishti fights for commu n ity s right where

People ca n share co ncer nsFind solutio nsStre ngthe n traditio ns o n their ow n terms

Uses media a nd arts to build empowered commu n ities , Based o n pri nciples like of thepeople , for the people , and by the people


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Drishti

Prese n tly set up two commu n ity radio statio ns in :Kutch with collaboratio n with Kutch Mahila Vikas Sa ngatha nDangs district of Gujarat i n collaboratio n with C en tre for Social Justice

Part nered with other NGO s to lau nch 3 new statio ns:Ak shara Non -Profit , works for rights of wome n based out of MumbaiChild In Need Institute helps mothers a nd childre n to break free from thecycle of povertyHimalaya n Institute Hospital Trust s program The Rural development

Institute (RDI)- desig ned to provide people of u nderdeveloped areas withquality health care a nd e nsure a better quality of life overall.DHAN Foundatio n in Madurai was i n Feb 2009 to serve particularly thewome n, farmers , fisherme n and empower them with i nformatio n andcommu n icatio n critical for disaster prepared ness a nd ma nageme n tIIT-Kanpu r a nn ou nced i n Feb 2010 to provide CRS at 90.4 MHz to broadcasteducatio nal a nd knowledge based programmes


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Thank you

community radio for rural development

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