community homelessness? the new roma ghetto and its conceptual framework
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given by Cătălin Berescu, FRONTAL, UAUIM, Romania at a FEANTSA Research Conference on "Understanding Homelessness and Housing Exclusion in the New European Context", Budapest, Hungary, 2010TRANSCRIPT
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN THE
NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXT
ENHR
The New Roma Ghettoand its conceptual framework
Cătălin Berescu, FRONTAL, UAUIM
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Romania & Eastern Europe
Romania has the largest number of Roma inhabitants in Europe. The economy of transition produced a decline in their housing condition, leading to an acute social exclusion. The racist attitude that forms the background of urban decisions can be seen today in the alarming development of the shantytowns surrounding the Romanian towns. The post revolution era reversed the process that defined the communist period – after the forced settlement of the nomads, the gypsies were the first to loose their jobs and to be evicted. This leaded to the formation of numerous micro-slums around every Romanian City and later on to the migration of these formation to Western Europe. The vast majority of the interventions aiming to improve their housing conditions leade in fact to the formation of new ghettos.
Mimiu – Ploiesti, FierarilorStreet
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc
str. Primăverii
garbage pitSumuleu
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc - Sumuleu
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc - Jigodin
Embryo settlement – rural migrants from SinMartin
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc – str. Primaverii
Social housing in the vicinity of the sewage plant – neighborghood resulted from a forced evicition
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc – garbage pit
25 years, 25 people, 7 shacks in the garbage pit
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Miercurea Ciuc – garbage pit
Illegal, unstable, structurally insecure, insalubrious, unhygenic, substandard housing
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
The New European Roma Ghetto
Castel Romano – Rome, Italy
Villagio della Solidarita – a settlement built by the socialist mayor of Rome, Walter Veltroni, 30 km away from the center, on the highway to the seaside, to host the evicted illegal campi inhabited by Bosniac Roma in the center of Rome. Next bus stop is 3 km away
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
The New European Roma Ghetto / Italy
1. Candoni; 2. Castel Romano;
2. 3. Monachina; 4. in the bush beyound the Grand Racordo Annulare
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
The New European Roma Ghetto / Greece
Sofades / Trikala / Volos – Greece
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Migration
...any policy limited to the city level is doomed to fail. (Moritz Lennert)
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
The Housing Exclusion Map
slum
New Poverty
Ghetto
Historical GhettoJewish Ghetto in Venice, Warsaw,
Budapest, etc.
Rich black ghetto
Ethno-CampNon conflictual Ethnic neighbourghood
(recent migrant areas, war refugee camps) subsidiarity, diminished ethnical dimension
Residential segregation,
Exposure to improper housing conditions,
Exposure to hazard conditions (Environmental racism),
Forced evictions, rent refusal, acces problems
Ethno Park“Purely” ethnic areas mahala, igănie, ț
atră, sat, new development șzones with a strong ethnic dimension
Discrimination
Poverty substandard housing
Cultural Difference
Ethnicity, Race,
sexual orientation etc
relative poverty
mahala / banlieu
poverty neighborghood
severe povertyextreme poverty
slum
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Communitary homelessness
ETHOS and the individual approach Slum, Ghetto, Banlieu, Mahala, Tziganie Campo nomadi, Travellers site Housing discrimination and collective rights Conclusions
European Research Conference, Budapest, 17th September 2010UNDERSTANDING HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION IN
THE NEW EUROPEAN CONTEXTENHR
Thank you!
Cătălin Berescu