Community Environmental Monitoring ProgramDr. Antone L. Brooks

July, 2011Brian Head, Ut

My BackgroundEarly interest in radiation (Watching atomic weapons in Southern Utah)MS in radiation ecology (Chasing fallout),PhD in radiation biology and genetics Studied health effects induced by low doses from internally deposited radio-nuclides Invested my life in research on genetic effects and cancer from low doses and dose-rate radiation (DOE Low Dose Radiation Research Program)

RadiationBad DietDrinkerSmokerWhy Me??

RADIATIONI am Blamed for much Human Disease Cancer of all kindsMutationsBirth DefectsHeart attacksStroke

I have even been blamed for !!!Spider ManNinja TurtlesIncredible Hulk

I am natural, Radiation is everywhere

We live in a sea of radiationCosmicInhaled RadonRocksRadioactive ElementsPlantsBodies

About 300 mrem/yrMedical procedures 280 mremsConsumer products 10 mremsOne coast to coast airplane flight 2 mremsWatching color TV 1 mremSleeping with another person 1 mremWeapons test fallout less that 1 mremNuclear industry less than 1 mrem

Normal annual exposure from man-made radiation

U.S Dose Rates from Natural Background

Nevada Test FalloutSimon et al. 2006

World wide fallout in the United States

Cancer Rate is Highly VariableRaceWhite 136/100,000 Black 294/100,000

SexMales 60.6% Females 39.4%

Geographic Distribution No link between high Background Radiation and Cancer

Areas with top 10 percentile of cancer= 231-892 cancers/100,000 person-years (low background)

Areas with lowest 10 percentile of cancer= 93-168 cancers/100/000 person-years (high background)

What Causes Cancer? I am not a big hitter!!!

What Radiation Exposures Can we Modify?

Man-made vs natural radiation

Man-made radiation 18%

Natural background radiation 82%

Medical x-rays 58%

Nuclear medicine 21%

Consumer products 16%

Occupational 2%

Fallout 2%

Nuclear fuel cycle 1%

Beir VII

What Radiation Exposures can we Modify?

Man-made vs Natural Radiation

Man-made radiation 52%

Natural background radiation 48%

Nuclear medicine/x-rays 91%

Consumer products 6.5%

Occupational 1%

Fallout 1%

Nuclear fuel cycle 0.5%

Mettler 2007

Medical Radiation Exposures, YES, BUT I DO A LOT OF GOOD!!!200 million medical x-rays/yearX-ray 0.1 mGy100 million dental x-rays/yearDental 0.06 mGy16 million doses of radiopharmaceuticals/yr80 million CT scans/yearHead scan 4-6 mGy/scanBody scan 30-100 mGy/scanLarge doses from radiation therapy

Brenner and HallAAPM TG-204, 2011

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research* ISCORS Update Nov 2010

What about the A-Bomb!! You did a lot of damage there.CancerMutationsBirth DefectsHeart attacksStrokes

Effects of the Atomic Bomb

Killed outright by the bomb or acute radiation effects.

Survived for lifespan study

More than 200,000 people

86,572 people

Pierce and Preston 2000A-BOMB SURVIVOR STUDIES

A-BOMB SURVIVOR STUDIES3 Km1 Km2. Km64113116994144

228.227.718.910.44.74.00.193 Total479 Total572 Total Excess CancersSolid TumorsCONTROL AREALeukemiasExcessExcessPreston et al. 2004

Atomic Bomb Survivor Excess Cancer Total Cancer Mortality Excess 572Population of Survivors Studied 86,572Cancer Mortality observed after the bomb 10,127 Cancers Mortality observed without the bomb 9,555Excess Leukemia 94Excess Solid Tumor 479572+=40% of these people are still alive 60 years after the bomb

Where do we get these excess cancers??Aggregation of data on Solid CancersTotal Solid Cancers 9555Stomach 2867Life Style, Diet, stomach bacteriaLiver 1236Long LatencyInfluence of chronic InfectionsAlcoholLung 1264SmokingNon-linear Dose-responsePreston et al. 2003

Biology of Solid CancersCan we really group all Solid Cancers then apply the LNT to estimate responses at low doses?Stomach CancerLung CancerLiver CancerAll these cancers are known to be produced by environmental factorsBone CancerLung CancerThese cancers have very non-linear Dose-Response RelationshipsThyroid CancerProstrate, Pancreas, Uterus, Rectum???

Aggregation of Solid Cancer: Influence on PolicyPay for the types of cancers seen to be elevated in the A-bomb population.Solid CancersLeukemiaCurrent Pay-out Cancers for Down-Winders, Nuclear Veterans, Uranium MinersBone, renal, leukemia, lung, multiple myeloma, bile duct, brain, breast, colon, esophagus, stomach, bladder, gal bladder, liver, ovary, pharynx, salivary gland, small intestine, thyroid, lymphoma (five years after exposure)Current payoutRECA = 1.3 BillionEEOICA = 3.2 Billion

Interaction with Environmental factors (I get the blame!!!)Smoking and Uranium mining

Radiation and alcohol

Radon in homes

Radon in Homes (BEIR VI)Total Cancers Ever-Smokers Never Smokers 157,000 146,400 11,000 Radon induced CancerTotal Cancers Ever-Smokers Never Smokers(Exposure-age-Concentration model) (Radiation only) 22,300 20,600 1,700(Exposure-age-Duration model) 15,500 14,600 1,200

What about when you get deposited in the body??Inhalation and lung cancerLow dose rate and non-uniform distributionDeposition in target organsStrontium-90 Bone Iodine -131 Thyroid CancerCesium-137 Whole Body ExposureTritium Whole Body Exposure

Dose Dose-Rate Effectiveness (DDREF) Factor is it 1.0?Dose-Dose-Rate-Effectiveness-Factor (DDREF), regulatory bodies considering making it (1.0)Dose-rate has a marked effect at all levels of biological orgainztionAll you have to do to make DDREF 1.0 is accept a couple of low dose-rate epidemiological studies which cannot demonstrate a difference in risk for high and low dose ratesAll you have to do to make a DDREF of 1.0 is to ignore 70 years of radiation biology

Dose-Rate Effects at all Levels of Biological OrganizationMolecularCellularTissueWhole OrganCancerLife Shortening

Dose and Dose-Rate EffectsDDREF derived with curve fitting of the human data. DDREF 1.5 BEIR VIIDDREF 2.0 ICRP (2007)DDREF 1.0 Considered by GermansDREF derived from animal and experimental data.Experimental Molecular/Cellular4-???Chromosome Aberrations4-6Mouse dataLung Adenocarcinomas3-7Ovarian Tumors7-35Thymic lymphoma10-30Mammary tumors1-4Myeloid Leukemia2-6Dog Data (Acute Death Bone Marrow)3-4(Acute Death Lung)10-100Dog Data (Cancer)15-40

Summary DDREFA large dose-rate effectiveness factor is required due to the marked decrease in biological effects observed following low dose-rate radiation exposure.

At radiation doses less than 20 Gy (20,000 mGy) to the lung following inhalation of radioactive materials, there is little life shortening and a decrease in the frequency of lung cancer.

When the dose delivered at a low dose-rate gets very, very large (80-220 Gy in Bone and 100-700 Gy in lung), the cancer frequency approaches 100%.

At low dose-rates the total dose required to produce acute radiation lethality is similar to the dose required to produce a high cancer frequency.

Genetic background plays an important role in the response to large total radiation doses delivered at a low dose-rate.

Such data should be considered in decisions about evacuation (10-50 mSv projected dose) and relocation (20 mSv projected dose first year) of the public following radiation accidents or terrorist events.

Should we consider separating DDREF from DREF? Current research suggests that the mechanisms of action of these very large doses delivered at low dose-rates are different to those after acute low doses.

Benjamin et al 1998Cancer in Beagle Dogs following Acute Radiation Exposure

Dose Response for Life Shortening Following Inhalation of 90-Strontium Fused Clay ParticlesAcuteCancerLung CancerOtherHeart CancerTBLN Cancer

Chart1

602542003594540754702594597.119688092906.8728997068253.630819295

534640763306534553722794597.119688092792.7768524425255.6069179302

529640323245525748243104597.119688092754.7448366878255.6069179302

493239292443520343752864597.119688092678.6808051782256.5949672478

485034142313515829272014597.119688092640.6487894235257.5830165654

468033322305497423732264597.119688092640.6487894235258.571065883

460130292241480819312014597.119688092602.6167736687258.571065883

439427652156477957884774597.119688092602.6167736687262.5232631535

427425872094477452811594597.119688092602.6167736687263.5113124711

368020571968475944122324597.119688092526.5527421592264.4993617887

362019051703470341903404597.119688092488.5207264044266.4754604239

283018071593459159422384597.119688092450.4887106497267.4635097415

27531461440055402654597.119688092412.4566948949272.4037563295

2636429655122184597.119688092412.4566948949273.3918056471

2615423854542434597.119688092374.4246791402274.3798549647

2596423753693764597.119688092336.3926633854275.3679042823

2565419553673004597.119688092260.3286318759275.3679042823

2429418953061844597.119688092222.2966161211275.3679042823

2104386052332824597.119688092222.2966161211277.3440029175

1821385952202684597.119688092222.2966161211277.3440029175

1214376751702554597.119688092146.2325846116277.3440029175

1213353450572524597.119688092146.2325846116278.3320522351

1185347749583414597.119688092146.2325846116280.3081508704

1170336347432584597.119688092146.2325846116280.3081508704

1128315546522314597.119688092146.2325846116285.2483974584

1033266746172674597.119688092108.2005688568286.236446776

1025249645783424597.119688092032.1365373473291.176693364

882230145672204597.119688091956.0725058378292.1647426816

874203044073734597.119688091880.0084743283293.1527919992

843196342543294597.119688091689.8483955545295.1288906344

809168341841954597.119688091689.8483955545300.0691372224

78841513864597.119688091651.8163797997311.9257290337

74741234597.119688091499.6883167807

71837634597.119688091461.6563010259

71534124597.119688091423.6242852712

6934597.119688091347.5602537616

6444597.119688091347.5602537616

4597.119688091309.5282380069

4597.119688091271.4962222521

4597.119688091271.4962222521

4597.119688091271.4962222521

4597.119688091195.4321907426

4597.119688091157.4001749879

4597.119688091119.3681592331

4597.119688091119.3681592331

4597.11968809929.2080804593

4597.11968809853.1440489498

4597.11968809815.112033195

4597.11968809815.112033195

4597.11968809586.9199386665

4597.11968809

4597.11968809

4597.11968809

4597.11968809

4533.0908430141

4530.762521375

4524.9417172772

4507.4793049837

4494.6735359686

4486.5244102316

4486.5244102316

4480.7036061338

4434.1371733514

4410.8539569601

4410.8539569601

4341.0043077864

4294.437875004

4143.096968461

4084.8889274829

4038.3224947004

4026.6808865048

3886.9815881574

3852.0567635706

3758.9238980056

3747.28228981

3665.7910324407

3607.5829914626

3595.941383267

Lung Cancer

TBLN Cancer

Heart Cancer

Cancer

Other

Acute

20.11000001

A6-137CsInitial Dose# of dogsCancerCancerCancerCancerCancerDisease

Rate (Gy/day)TargetTargetTargetTargetOtherTarget

BoneLungLiverOther

012000030

0.16-0.211012506

0.21-0.313001408

0.31-0.411010407

0.41-0.53100101

0.51-0.69100207

0.61-0.73000003

0.71-0.83000003

CancerTables1

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

# Dogs

Cancer Target

Cancer

Disease Target

Cumulative Dose (Gy)

# of dogs

A24-239Pu-Cumulative Dose-Injected

90SrFapTest

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

# Dogs

Cancer Target

Cancer

Disease Target

Cumulative Dose (Gy)

# of Dogs

A24-239Pu-Cumulative Dose-Injected

Sheet1

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

# of Dogs

Cancer Target

Cancer Other

Disease Target

Dose Rate (Gy/day)

# of Dogs

A24-239Pu-Dose Rate-Injected

90Sr-InDRChart

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

# of dogs

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Other

Disease Target

Cumulative Dose (Gy)

# of Dogs

A6-137Cs-Injected

90SrFAP-DRtDBreak

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

# of dogs

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Target

Cancer Other

Disease Target

Dose Rate(Gy/day)

# of Dogs

A6-137Cs-Injected

90Sr-DRtoDeathChart

DOGSexDose RateDose RateCumulative doseDaysDiedCancerCancerCancerCancerDiseaseDiseaseDiseaseSUMMARY OUTPUTCronic InitialDRSUMMARY OUTPUTCronic DRtDeathSUMMARY OUTPUTCumulative Dose

(Gy/Day)at Deathat Deathto DeathEuphanizedLungTBLNHeartLungHeartOther

Intial(Gy/Day)(Gy)Regression StatisticsRegression StatisticsRegression Statistics

Multiple R0.8125643076Multiple R0.7014778214Multiple R0.8557055343

1476FFap-90Sr0006025DxxR Square0.660260754R Square0.4920711339R Square0.7322319615

2636FFap-90Y0005346ExAdjusted R Square0.6575644108Adjusted R Square0.4880399524Adjusted R Square0.7301068183

31579MFap-90Sr0.0760.006725296DxxStandard Error890.5936540629Standard Error1088.9506146681Standard Error790.6533321166

2833MFap-90Sr0004932DxObservations128Observations128Observations128

2596MFap-90Y0004850Ex

2660MFap-90Y0004680DxANOVAANOVAANOVA

2588FFap-90Y0004601ExdfSSMSFSignificance FdfSSMSFSignificance FdfSSMSFSignificance F

2788FFap-144Ce0004394ExRegression1194222483.228402194222483.228402244.87266626230Regression1144747778.777752144747778.777752122.06623213260Regression1215393553.22721215393553.22721344.55653355830

11584FFap-90Sr0.0650.005644274ExxResidual12699937789.1387851793157.056657025Residual126149412493.5894361185813.441186Residual12678766719.1399772625132.691587121

3833FFap-90Sr0003680DxTotal127294160272.367188Total127294160272.367188Total127294160272.367188

41585FFap-90Sr0.0420.004443620Ex

2704MFap-90Sr0.280.0232602830DxxCoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

4853MFap-90Sr0.480.0353602753ExxIntercept4233.414804972192.843766061845.597189607304049.67972377044417.14988617384049.67972377044417.1498861738Intercept3942.1063862777105.565591627937.342720535103733.19518660774151.01758594783733.19518660774151.0175859478Intercept4427.27990697487.07525786850.844292803404254.96053375544599.59928019274254.96053375544599.5992801927

3806MFap-90Sr0.20.021802636ExxX Variable 1-2888.0247152054184.5570970894-15.64840778680-3253.2577799379-2522.7916504728-3253.2577799379-2522.7916504728X Variable 1-7440.8404103548673.4792511991-11.04835879810-8773.6360320268-6108.0447886828-8773.6360320268-6108.0447886828X Variable 1-6.27195117840.3378877325-18.5622340670-6.9406210589-5.6032812978-6.9406210589-5.6032812978

4700MFap-90Sr0.40.033102615Dxx

3823FFap-90Sr0.450.0163202596Dxx

4789FFap-90Sr0.220.021702565ExDOGSexDose RateDays(Gy/Day)

1704FFap-90Sr0.480.0494402429Dxx(Gy/Day)to DeathRESIDUAL OUTPUTat Deathto DeathRESIDUAL OUTPUTDOGSexCumulative doseDaysRESIDUAL OUTPUT

11586MFap-90Sr0.30.0432302104ExIntialDOGSexDose RateDaysat Deathto Death

1964MFap-90Sr0.780.114801821ExxObservationPredicted YResidualsObservationPredicted YResiduals(Gy)ObservationPredicted YResiduals

1701MFap-90Sr0.810.184301214Ex1476FFap-90Sr0602514233.41480497211791.58519502791476FFap-90Sr0602513942.10638627772082.89361372231476FFap-90Sr0602514427.2799069741597.720093026

2826MFap-90Sr0.710.153401213Dx2636FFap-90Y0534624233.41480497211112.58519502792636FFap-90Y0534623942.10638627771403.89361372232636FFap-90Y0534624427.279906974918.720093026

2701FFap-90Sr0.780.184301185Dx2833MFap-90Sr0493234233.4148049721698.58519502792833MFap-90Sr0493233942.1063862777989.89361372232833MFap-90Sr0493234427.279906974504.720093026

3808FFap-90Sr10.275401170Ex2596MFap-90Y0485044233.4148049721616.58519502792596MFap-90Y0485043942.1063862777907.89361372232596MFap-90Y0485044427.279906974422.720093026

2827MFap-90Sr1.10.245301128Exx2660MFap-90Y0468054233.4148049721446.58519502792660MFap-90Y0468053942.1063862777737.89361372232660MFap-90Y0468054427.279906974252.720093026

1790MFap-90Sr0.960.295201033Ex2588FFap-90Y0460164233.4148049721367.58519502792588FFap-90Y0460163942.1063862777658.89361372232588FFap-90Y0460164427.279906974173.720093026

2808MFap-90Sr0.980.35601025Dx2788FFap-144Ce0439474233.4148049721160.58519502792788FFap-144Ce0439473942.1063862777451.89361372232788FFap-144Ce0439474427.279906974-33.279906974

31586FFap-90Sr1.10.37500882Ex3833FFap-90Sr0368084233.4148049721-553.41480497213833FFap-90Sr0368083942.1063862777-262.10638627773833FFap-90Sr0368084427.279906974-747.279906974

4827FFap-90Sr1.10.38540874Dx4950MFap-90Sr0407694233.4148049721-157.41480497214950MFap-90Sr0407693942.1063862777133.89361372234950MFap-90Sr0407694427.279906974-351.279906974

11580FFap-90Sr1.20.44580843Ex2745MFap-91Y03029104233.4148049721-1204.41480497212745MFap-91Y03029103942.1063862777-913.10638627772745MFap-91Y03029104427.279906974-1398.279906974

3854FFap-90Sr1.10.41490809Ex2950MFap-90Sr05407114233.41480497211173.58519502792950MFap-90Sr05407113942.10638627771464.89361372232950MFap-90Sr05407114427.279906974979.720093026

2964MFap-90Sr1.80.51660788Dx1851FFap-90Sr05345124233.41480497211111.58519502791851FFap-90Sr05345123942.10638627771402.89361372231851FFap-90Sr05345124427.279906974917.720093026

31581MFap-90Sr1.60.67720747Ex31576MFap-90Sr05257134233.41480497211023.585195027931576MFap-90Sr05257133942.10638627771314.893613722331576MFap-90Sr05257134427.279906974829.720093026

3790FFap-90Sr1.70.52630718Dx2755FFap-144Ce05203144233.4148049721969.58519502792755FFap-144Ce05203143942.10638627771260.89361372232755FFap-144Ce05203144427.279906974775.720093026

4701MFap-90Sr1.30.44520715Dx1940FFap-91Y05158154233.4148049721924.58519502791940FFap-91Y05158153942.10638627771215.89361372231940FFap-91Y05158154427.279906974730.720093026

1854MFap-90Sr1.30.58570693Ex2851MFap-90Sr04974164233.4148049721740.58519502792851MFap-90Sr04974163942.10638627771031.89361372232851MFap-90Sr04974164427.279906974546.720093026

2790MFap-90Sr1.70.7650644Ex2878FFap-91Y04779174233.4148049721545.58519502792878FFap-91Y04779173942.1063862777836.89361372232878FFap-91Y04779174427.279906974351.720093026

11583MFap-90Sr0.0850.007864200Ex2699MFap-144Ce04759184233.4148049721525.58519502792699MFap-144Ce04759183942.1063862777816.89361372232699MFap-144Ce04759184427.279906974331.720093026

4950MFap-90Sr0004076Dx1962FFap-90Sr04703194233.4148049721469.58519502791962FFap-90Sr04703193942.1063862777760.89361372231962FFap-90Sr04703194427.279906974275.720093026

31578MFap-90Sr0.0420.005484032Ex1636MFap-90Y04400204233.4148049721166.58519502791636MFap-90Y04400203942.1063862777457.89361372231636MFap-90Y04400204427.279906974-27.279906974

21584MFap-90Sr0.0810.009803929Ex1811MFap-144Ce04296214233.414804972162.58519502791811MFap-144Ce04296213942.1063862777353.89361372231811MFap-144Ce04296214427.279906974-131.279906974

11578MFap-90Sr0.00770.00077.73414Ex11576FFap-90Sr04237224233.41480497213.585195027911576FFap-90Sr04237223942.1063862777294.893613722311576FFap-90Sr04237224427.279906974-190.279906974

31583FFap-90Sr0.080.007613332Ex1833FFap-144Ce04195234233.4148049721-38.41480497211833FFap-144Ce04195233942.1063862777252.89361372231833FFap-144Ce04195234427.279906974-232.279906974

2745MFap-91Y0003029Dxx1830FFap-90Sr04189244233.4148049721-44.41480497211830FFap-90Sr04189243942.1063862777246.89361372231830FFap-90Sr04189244427.279906974-238.279906974

31584FFap-90Sr0.0140.00078.82765Ex21576MFap-90Sr03859254233.4148049721-374.414804972121576MFap-90Sr03859253942.1063862777-83.106386277721576MFap-90Sr03859254427.279906974-568.279906974

2963MFap-90Sr0.260.021802587Dxx31582MFap-90Sr03534264233.4148049721-699.414804972131582MFap-90Sr03534263942.1063862777-408.106386277731582MFap-90Sr03534264427.279906974-893.279906974

31577FFap-90Sr0.0330.0048262057Ex2862FFap-91Y03363274233.4148049721-870.41480497212862FFap-91Y03363273942.1063862777-579.10638627772862FFap-91Y03363274427.279906974-1064.279906974

41578MFap-90Sr0.0540.0077391905Ex2683FFap-90Y05470284233.41480497211236.58519502792683FFap-90Y05470283942.10638627771527.89361372232683FFap-90Y05470284427.2799069741042.720093026

1806FFap-90Sr0.40.0773101807Dx4833MFap-90Sr05372294233.41480497211138.58519502794833MFap-90Sr05372293942.10638627771429.89361372234833MFap-90Sr05372294427.279906974944.720093026

21577FFap-90Sr0.0790.01853594Ex1950MFap-90Sr04375304233.4148049721141.58519502791950MFap-90Sr04375303942.1063862777432.89361372231950MFap-90Sr04375304427.279906974-52.279906974

3789FFap-90Sr0.420.012803306Dx1660MFap-90Y05788314233.41480497211554.5851950279SUMMARY OUTPUT1660MFap-90Y05788313942.10638627771845.89361372231660MFap-90Y05788314427.2799069741360.720093026SUMMARY OUTPUTCumulaative Dose No controls

1789MFap-90Sr0.210.0131903245Ex2811MFap-144Ce05281324233.41480497211047.58519502792811MFap-144Ce05281323942.10638627771338.89361372232811MFap-144Ce05281324427.279906974853.720093026

4826FFap-90Sr0.350.0272502443Dx1878MFap-91Y05942334233.41480497211708.5851950279Regression Statistics1878MFap-91Y05942333942.10638627771999.89361372231878MFap-91Y05942334427.2799069741514.720093026Regression Statistics

2806MFap-90Sr0.50.0352902313Ex2830FFap-90Sr05540344233.41480497211306.5851950279Multiple R0.80213834482830FFap-90Sr05540343942.10638627771597.89361372232830FFap-90Sr05540344427.2799069741112.720093026Multiple R0.815181289

2853FFap-90Sr0.350.0432902305Ex1596FFap-90Y05512354233.41480497211278.5851950279R Square0.64342592421596FFap-90Y05512353942.10638627771569.89361372231596FFap-90Y05512354427.2799069741084.720093026R Square0.664520534

3853MFap-90Sr0.210.0381902241Ex1862MFap-144Ce05454364233.41480497211220.5851950279Adjusted R Square0.63847350651862MFap-144Ce05454363942.10638627771511.89361372231862MFap-144Ce05454364427.2799069741026.720093026Adjusted R Square0.659861097

4806FFap-90Sr0.220.0351902156Dx1699MFap-144Ce05369374233.41480497211135.5851950279Standard Error754.132158241699MFap-144Ce05369373942.10638627771426.89361372231699MFap-144Ce05369374427.279906974941.720093026Standard Error731.4852101462

1853FFap-90Sr0.260.0472402094Dx1812MFap-91Y05367384233.41480497211133.5851950279Observations741812MFap-91Y05367383942.10638627771424.89361372231812MFap-91Y05367384427.279906974939.720093026Observations74

1823FFap-90Sr0.920.0875801968Dx2911FFap-91Y05306394233.41480497211072.58519502792911FFap-91Y05306393942.10638627771363.89361372232911FFap-91Y05306394427.279906974878.720093026

1963MFap-90Sr0.360.0833101703Dx1725MFap-144Ce05233404233.4148049721999.5851950279ANOVA1725MFap-144Ce05233403942.10638627771290.89361372231725MFap-144Ce05233404427.279906974805.720093026ANOVA

21580FFap-90Sr0.390.0932901593Dx1911MFap-91Y05220414233.4148049721986.5851950279dfSSMSFSignificance F1911MFap-91Y05220413942.10638627771277.89361372231911MFap-91Y05220414427.279906974792.720093026dfSSMSFSignificance F

1826FFap-90Sr0.70.113801461Dx2940MFap-91Y05170424233.4148049721936.5851950279Regression173888390.678047273888390.6780472129.921577821202940MFap-91Y05170423942.10638627771227.89361372232940MFap-91Y05170424427.279906974742.720093026Regression176310809.036944176310809.0369441142.61820259050

2950MFap-90Sr0005407Dx1788MFap-144Ce05057434233.4148049721823.5851950279Residual7240947502.4706015568715.3120916881788MFap-144Ce05057433942.10638627771114.89361372231788MFap-144Ce05057434427.279906974629.720093026Residual7238525084.1117046535070.612662564

1851FFap-90Sr0005345Ex1683MFap-90Y04743444233.4148049721509.5851950279Total73114835893.1486491683MFap-90Y04743443942.1063862777800.89361372231683MFap-90Y04743444427.279906974315.720093026Total73114835893.148649

31576MFap-90Sr0005257Ex1816FFap-144Ce04652454233.4148049721418.58519502791816FFap-144Ce04652453942.1063862777709.89361372231816FFap-144Ce04652454427.279906974224.720093026

2755FFap-144Ce0005203Dx1755MFap-144Ce04617464233.4148049721383.5851950279CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%1755MFap-144Ce04617463942.1063862777674.89361372231755MFap-144Ce04617464427.279906974189.720093026CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

1940FFap-91Y0005158Ex2873FFap-144Ce04578474233.4148049721344.5851950279Intercept3492.5920992421122.313934414728.554327157903248.76373066932873FFap-144Ce04578473942.1063862777635.89361372232873FFap-144Ce04578474427.279906974150.720093026Intercept3805.3527329534137.143739885427.747185078503531.96168788354078.74377802323531.96168788354078.7437780232

2851MFap-90Sr0004974Ex1492MFap-90Y04567484233.4148049721333.5851950279X Variable 1-2107.1985374172184.8693069396-11.39831469210-2475.72876028981492MFap-90Y04567483942.1063862777624.89361372231492MFap-90Y04567484427.279906974139.720093026X Variable 1-4.83227896470.4046359997-11.94228632170-5.6389060767-4.0256518526-5.6389060767-4.0256518526

21585MFap-90Sr0.0110.0008144808Ex1745FFap-91Y04407494233.4148049721173.58519502791745FFap-91Y04407493942.1063862777464.89361372231745FFap-91Y04407494427.279906974-20.279906974

2878FFap-91Y0004779Ex3950FFap-90Sr04254504233.414804972120.58519502793950FFap-90Sr04254503942.1063862777311.89361372233950FFap-90Sr04254504427.279906974-173.279906974

11585MFap-90Sr0.0150.001164774Ex3755FFap-144Ce04184514233.4148049721-49.41480497213755FFap-144Ce04184513942.1063862777241.89361372233755FFap-144Ce04184514427.279906974-243.279906974

2699MFap-144Ce0004759Ex1873FFap-144Ce04151524233.4148049721-82.4148049721RESIDUAL OUTPUT1873FFap-144Ce04151523942.1063862777208.89361372231873FFap-144Ce04151524427.279906974-276.279906974RESIDUAL OUTPUT

1962FFap-90Sr0004703Ex1588FFap-90Y04123534233.4148049721-110.41480497211588FFap-90Y04123533942.1063862777180.89361372231588FFap-90Y04123534427.279906974-304.279906974

21583FFap-90Sr0.00780.00025.74591Ex2812FFap-91Y03763544233.4148049721-470.4148049721ObservationPredicted YResiduals2812FFap-91Y03763543942.1063862777-179.10638627772812FFap-91Y03763544427.279906974-664.279906974ObservationPredicted YResiduals

1636MFap-90Y0004400Ex41577FFap-90Sr0.00622667554215.5090517378-1548.509051737813479.5274683101-812.527468310121583FFap-90Sr0.00024591553940.6182181957650.381781804341577FFap-90Sr5.52667554392.784175493-1725.78417549313778.7751986478-1111.7751986478

1811MFap-144Ce0004296Ex21578MFap-90Sr0.00654958564214.6426443232743.357355676723478.89530874881479.104691251221578MFap-90Sr0.00024958563940.61821819571017.381781804321583FFap-90Sr5.74591564391.5297852574199.470214742623777.8087428549813.1912571451

41583FFap-90Sr0.0160.0008164238Ex11578MFap-90Sr0.00773414574211.177014665-797.17701466533476.366670504-62.36667050441579FFap-90Sr0.00034190573939.8741341546250.125865845421578MFap-90Sr6.24958574388.3938096682569.606190331833775.39260337251182.6073966275

11576FFap-90Sr0004237Ex21583FFap-90Sr0.00784591584210.8882121935380.111787806543476.15595065021114.844049349841577FFap-90Sr0.000452667583938.7580080931-1271.758008093111578MFap-90Sr7.73414584378.9858829006-964.985882900643768.1441849256-354.1441849256

1833FFap-144Ce0004195Dx11577MFap-90Sr0.00923860594206.8449775922-346.844977592253473.2058726978386.794127302231585FFap-90Sr0.00062927593937.6418820315-1010.641882031531584FFap-90Sr8.82765594372.0867366044-1607.086736604453762.8286780644-997.8286780644

1830FFap-90Sr0004189Ex21585MFap-90Sr0.0114808604201.6465331048606.353466895263469.41291533051338.587084669511578MFap-90Sr0.00073414603936.8977979905-522.897797990511577MFap-90Sr9.53860604367.6963707796-507.696370779663759.4460827892100.5539172108

11577MFap-90Sr0.00920.00089.53860Ex41579FFap-90Sr0.0134190614195.8704836744-5.870483674473465.1985182556724.801481744431584FFap-90Sr0.00072765613936.8977979905-1171.897797990541579FFap-90Sr9.54190614367.6963707796-177.696370779673759.4460827892430.5539172108

21576MFap-90Sr0003859Ex31584FFap-90Sr0.0142765624192.9824589592-1427.982458959283463.0913197182-698.091319718221585MFap-90Sr0.00084808623936.1537139494871.846286050631585FFap-90Sr102927624364.5603951904-1437.560395190483757.0299433068-830.0299433069

2823FFap-90Sr0.30.00632103767Ex31585FFap-90Sr0.0142927634192.9824589592-1265.982458959293463.0913197182-536.091319718241583FFap-90Sr0.00084238633936.1537139494301.846286050621585MFap-90Sr144808634339.472590477468.52740952393737.70082744821070.2991725518

31582MFap-90Sr0003534Ex11585MFap-90Sr0.0154774644190.094434244583.905565756103460.98412118081313.015878819211577MFap-90Sr0.00083860643936.1537139494-76.153713949411585MFap-90Sr164774644326.9286881202447.0713118798103728.03626951891045.9637304811

11581MFap-90Sr0.280.0222203477Dxx41583FFap-90Sr0.0164238654187.206409528850.7935904712113458.8769226434779.123077356611585MFap-90Sr0.0014774653934.6655458674839.334454132641583FFap-90Sr164238654326.9286881202-88.9286881202113728.0362695189509.9637304811

2862FFap-91Y0003363Dx11579MFap-90Sr0.0174412664184.3183848136227.6816151864123456.769724106955.23027589411579MFap-90Sr0.00124412663933.1773777853478.822622214711579MFap-90Sr224412664289.2969810501122.7030189499123699.042595731712.957404269

41584FFap-90Sr0.0470.004493155Ex31577FFap-90Sr0.0332057674138.1099893703-2081.1099893703133423.0545475073-1366.054547507341585FFap-90Sr0.0043620673912.3430246363-292.343024636331577FFap-90Sr262057674264.2091763366-2207.2091763366133679.7134798724-1622.7134798724

41577FFap-90Sr0.00620.000455.52667Ex41585FFap-90Sr0.0423620684112.1177669335-492.1177669335143404.0897606705215.910239329541584FFap-90Sr0.0043155683912.3430246363-757.343024636341578MFap-90Sr391905684182.6738110179-2277.6738110179143616.8938533319-1711.8938533319

3826MFap-90Sr0.450.0293102496Ex31578MFap-90Sr0.0424032694112.1177669335-80.1177669335153404.0897606705627.910239329521579MFap-90Sr0.0044824693912.3430246363911.656975363741585FFap-90Sr443620694151.3140551261-531.3140551261153592.732458508627.2675414914

21586FFap-90Sr0.140.0191102301Ex41584FFap-90Sr0.0473155704097.6776433574-942.6776433574163393.5537679835-238.55376798352700FFap-90Sr0.0043412703912.3430246363-500.343024636331578MFap-90Sr484032704126.2262504127-94.2262504127163573.40334265458.59665735

41586FFap-90Sr0.180.0291502030Ex21579MFap-90Sr0.0514824714086.1255444966737.8744555034173385.12497383381438.875026166231577FFap-90Sr0.00482057713906.390352308-1849.39035230841584FFap-90Sr493155714119.9542992343-964.9542992343173568.5710636854-413.5710636854

31580MFap-90Sr0.270.0592401963Ex41578MFap-90Sr0.0541905724077.461470351-2172.461470351183378.8033782215-1473.803378221511584FFap-90Sr0.0054274723904.902184226369.09781577431583FFap-90Sr613332724044.690885094-712.690885094183510.5837161095-178.5837161095

2789MFap-90Sr0.420.0833101683Ex11584FFap-90Sr0.0654274734045.6931984837228.3068015163193355.62419431918.375805690131578MFap-90Sr0.0054032733904.902184226127.09781577411584FFap-90Sr644274734025.8750315589248.1249684411193496.0868792156777.9131207844

2683FFap-90Y0005470Dx31579MFap-90Sr0.0765296744013.92492661651282.0750733835203332.44501039841963.554989601631579MFap-90Sr0.0065296743897.46134381561398.538656184431579MFap-90Sr725296743975.6994221321320.300577868203457.42864749841838.5713525016

4833MFap-90Sr0005372Dx21577FFap-90Sr0.0793594754005.2608524709-411.2608524709213326.1234147861267.87658521392823FFap-90Sr0.00633767753895.2290916925-128.229091692521579MFap-90Sr734824753969.4274709536854.5725290464213452.59636853371371.4036314663

21579MFap-90Sr0.0510.004734824Ex31583FFap-90Sr0.083332764002.3728277557-670.3728277557223324.01621624877.983783751311583MFap-90Sr0.0074200763890.0205034052309.979496594821584MFap-90Sr803929763925.52381270513.4761872949223418.7704157811510.2295842189

1950MFap-90Sr0004375Dx21584MFap-90Sr0.0813929773999.4848030404-70.4848030405233321.9090177113607.090982288731583FFap-90Sr0.0073332773890.0205034052-558.020503405221577FFap-90Sr853594773894.1640568133-300.1640568133233394.6090209579199.3909790421

31585FFap-90Sr0.0140.0006102927Dx11583MFap-90Sr0.0854200783987.9327041796212.0672958204243313.4802235616886.519776438441578MFap-90Sr0.00771905783884.811915118-1979.81191511811583MFap-90Sr864200783887.892105635312.107894365243389.7767419932810.2232580068

4790FFap-90Sr0.760.0645402373Dx21586FFap-90Sr0.142301793829.0913448433-1528.0913448433253197.5843040037-896.584304003721584MFap-90Sr0.0093929793875.138822584553.861177415521586FFap-90Sr1102301793737.3652773543-1436.3652773543253273.8020468415-972.8020468415

21581MFap-90Sr0.860.156601931Dx41586FFap-90Sr0.182030803713.5703562351-1683.5703562351263113.296362507-1083.29636250721577FFap-90Sr0.013594803867.6979821742-273.69798217422700FFap-90Sr1403412803549.2067420034-137.2067420034263128.8336779019283.1663220981

1660MFap-90Y0005788Dx3806MFap-90Sr0.22636813655.809861931-1019.809861931273071.1523917586-435.15239175863789FFap-90Sr0.013306813867.6979821742-561.697982174241586FFap-90Sr1502030813486.4872302198-1456.4872302198273080.5108882554-1050.5108882554

2811MFap-144Ce0005281Ex1789MFap-90Sr0.213245823626.929614779-381.929614779283050.0804063844194.91959361551789MFap-90Sr0.0133245823845.3754609431-600.37546094314789FFap-90Sr1702565823361.0482066526-796.0482066526282983.8653089623-418.8653089623

11579MFap-90Sr0.0170.0012224412Dx3853MFap-90Sr0.212241833626.929614779-1385.929614779293050.0804063844-809.08040638453823FFap-90Sr0.0162596833823.052939712-1227.0529397123806MFap-90Sr1802636833298.328694869-662.328694869292935.5425193158-299.5425193158

41579FFap-90Sr0.0130.00039.54190Dx4789FFap-90Sr0.222565843598.0493676269-1033.0493676269303029.0084210103-464.008421010321586FFap-90Sr0.0192301843800.730418481-1499.7304184812963MFap-90Sr1802587843298.328694869-711.328694869302935.5425193158-348.5425193158

1878MFap-91Y0005942Ex4806FFap-90Sr0.222156853598.0493676269-1442.0493676269313029.0084210103-873.00842101033806MFap-90Sr0.022636853793.2895780706-1157.28957807061789MFap-90Sr1903245853235.60918308549.3908169146312887.2197296693357.7802703307

2830FFap-90Sr0005540Ex2700FFap-90Sr0.233412863569.1691204749-157.1691204749323007.9364356361404.06356436394789FFap-90Sr0.022565863793.2895780706-1228.28957807063853MFap-90Sr1902241863235.6091830854-994.6091830854322887.2197296693-646.2197296693

1596FFap-90Y0005512Ex2963MFap-90Sr0.262587873482.5283790187-895.5283790187332944.7204795136-357.72047951362963MFap-90Sr0.022587873793.2895780706-1206.28957807064806FFap-90Sr1902156873235.6091830854-1079.6091830854332887.2197296693-731.2197296693

1862MFap-144Ce0005454Dx1853FFap-90Sr0.262094883482.5283790187-1388.5283790187342944.7204795136-850.720479513611581MFap-90Sr0.0223477883778.4078972499-301.40789724992823FFap-90Sr2103767883110.1701595182656.8298404818342790.5741503762976.4258496238

1699MFap-144Ce0005369Ex31580MFap-90Sr0.271963893453.6481318666-1490.6481318666352923.6484941394-960.64849413942704MFap-90Sr0.0232830893770.9670568396-940.967056839611581MFap-90Sr2203477893047.4506477346429.5493522655352742.2513607297734.7486392703

1812MFap-91Y0005367Dx2704MFap-90Sr0.282830903424.7678847146-594.7678847146362902.5765087652-72.57650876534826FFap-90Sr0.0272443903741.2036951982-1298.203695198211586MFap-90Sr2302104902984.7311359509-880.7311359509362693.9285710831-589.9285710831

2911FFap-91Y0005306Ex11581MFap-90Sr0.283477913424.767884714652.2321152854372902.5765087652574.42349123473826MFap-90Sr0.0292496913726.3220143774-1230.32201437741853FFap-90Sr2402094912922.0116241673-828.0116241673372645.6057814366-551.6057814366

1725MFap-144Ce0005233Dx11586MFap-90Sr0.32104923367.0073904105-1263.0073904105382860.4325380169-756.432538016941586FFap-90Sr0.0292030923726.3220143774-1696.322014377431580MFap-90Sr2401963922922.0116241673-959.0116241673382645.6057814366-682.6057814366

1911MFap-91Y0005220Ex2823FFap-90Sr0.33767933367.0073904105399.9926095895392860.4325380169906.56746198314700MFap-90Sr0.032615933718.8811739671-1103.88117396714826FFap-90Sr2502443932859.2921123837-416.2921123837392597.2829917901-154.2829917901

2940MFap-91Y0005170Ex4826FFap-90Sr0.352443943222.6061546502-779.6061546502402755.072611146-312.0726111464853MFap-90Sr0.0352753943681.6769719153-928.67697191532704MFap-90Sr2602830942796.572600600133.4273993999402548.9602021435281.0397978565

1788MFap-144Ce0005057Ex2853FFap-90Sr0.352305953222.6061546502-917.6061546502412755.072611146-450.0726111462806MFap-90Sr0.0352313953681.6769719153-1368.67697191533789FFap-90Sr2803306952671.1335770329634.8664229671412452.3146228505853.6853771495

21578MFap-90Sr0.00650.00026.24958Ex1963MFap-90Sr0.361703963193.7259074982-1490.7259074982422734.0006257719-1031.00062577194806FFap-90Sr0.0352156963681.6769719153-1525.67697191532806MFap-90Sr2902313962608.4140652493-295.4140652493422403.9918332039-90.9918332039

1683MFap-90Y0004743Dx21580FFap-90Sr0.391593973107.085166042-1514.085166042432670.7846696494-1077.78466964943853MFap-90Sr0.0382241973659.3544506842-1418.35445068422853FFap-90Sr2902305972608.4140652493-303.4140652493432403.9918332039-98.9918332039

1816FFap-144Ce0004652Ex4700MFap-90Sr0.42615983078.20491889-463.2049188899442649.7126842752-34.712684275211586MFap-90Sr0.0432104983622.1502486325-1518.150248632521580FFap-90Sr2901593982608.4140652493-1015.4140652493442403.9918332039-810.9918332039

1755MFap-144Ce0004617Dx1806FFap-90Sr0.41807993078.20491889-1271.20491889452649.7126842752-842.71268427522853FFap-90Sr0.0432305993622.1502486325-1317.15024863254700MFap-90Sr3102615992482.975041682132.024958318452307.3462539109307.6537460891

2873FFap-144Ce0004578Dx3789FFap-90Sr0.4233061003020.4444245858285.5555754142462607.5687135268698.43128647321853FFap-90Sr0.04720941003592.386886991-1498.3868869911806FFap-90Sr31018071002482.975041682-675.975041682462307.3462539109-500.3462539109

1492MFap-90Y0004567Ex2789MFap-90Sr0.4216831013020.4444245858-1337.4444245858472607.5687135268-924.56871352681704FFap-90Sr0.04924291013577.5052061703-1148.50520617031963MFap-90Sr31017031012482.975041682-779.975041682472307.3462539109-604.3462539109

1745FFap-91Y0004407Dx3823FFap-90Sr0.4525961022933.8036831297-337.8036831297482544.352757404351.647242595731580MFap-90Sr0.05919631023503.0968020668-1540.09680206683826MFap-90Sr31024961022482.97504168213.024958318482307.3462539109188.6537460891

3950FFap-90Sr0004254Dx3826MFap-90Sr0.4524961032933.8036831297-437.8036831297492544.3527574043-48.35275740434790FFap-90Sr0.06423731033465.892600015-1092.8926000152789MFap-90Sr31016831032482.975041682-799.975041682492307.3462539109-624.3462539109

3755FFap-144Ce0004184Dx4853MFap-90Sr0.4827531042847.1629416735-94.1629416735502481.1368012818271.86319871821806FFap-90Sr0.07718071043369.1616746804-1562.16167468043823FFap-90Sr32025961042420.2555298984175.7444701016502259.0234642643336.9765357357

1873FFap-144Ce0004151Dx1704FFap-90Sr0.4824291052847.1629416735-418.1629416735512481.1368012818-52.13680128181963MFap-90Sr0.08317031053324.5166322183-1621.51663221832826MFap-90Sr34012131052294.8165063312-1081.8165063312512162.3778849713-949.3778849713

1588FFap-90Y0004123Ex2806MFap-90Sr0.523131062789.4024473694-476.4024473694522438.9928305335-125.99283053352789MFap-90Sr0.08316831063324.5166322183-1641.51663221834853MFap-90Sr36027531062169.377482764583.622517236522065.7323056782687.2676943218

2812FFap-91Y0003763Dx1826FFap-90Sr0.714611072211.7975043283-750.7975043283532017.55312305-556.553123051823FFap-90Sr0.08719681073294.7532705769-1326.75327057691826FFap-90Sr38014611072043.9384591968-582.9384591968531969.0867263851-508.0867263851

2700FFap-90Sr0.230.0041403412Dx2826MFap-90Sr0.7112131082182.9172571763-969.9172571763541996.4811376759-783.481137675921580FFap-90Sr0.09315931083250.1082281147-1657.10822811471701MFap-90Sr43012141081730.3409002787-516.3409002787541727.4727781525-513.4727781525

4790FFap-90Sr0.7623731092038.516021416334.483978584551891.121210805481.8787891951964MFap-90Sr0.1118211093123.6139411387-1302.61394113872701FFap-90Sr43011851091730.3409002787-545.3409002787551727.4727781525-542.4727781525

2702FFap-90Sr1.60.8490477Dx1964MFap-90Sr0.7818211101980.7555271119-159.7555271119561848.9772400566-27.97724005671826FFap-90Sr0.1114611103123.6139411387-1662.61394113871704FFap-90Sr44024291101667.6213884951761.3786115049561679.149988506749.8500114941

4854FFap-90Sr21.3420279Dx2701FFap-90Sr0.7811851111980.7555271119-795.7555271119571848.9772400566-663.97724005672826MFap-90Sr0.1512131112825.9803247245-1612.98032472451964MFap-90Sr48018211111416.7433413606404.2566586394571485.8588299198335.1411700802

3824FFap-90Sr21.2400259Dx1701MFap-90Sr0.8112141121894.1147856558-680.1147856558581785.7612839341-571.761283934121581MFap-90Sr0.1519311122825.9803247245-894.98032472453854FFap-90Sr4908091121354.023829577-545.023829577581437.5360402733-628.5360402733

4808FFap-90Sr2.11.3430286Dx21581MFap-90Sr0.8619311131749.7135498955181.2864501045591680.4013570633250.59864293671701MFap-90Sr0.1812141132602.7551124139-1388.755112413931586FFap-90Sr5008821131291.3043177934-409.3043177934591389.2132506268-507.2132506268

1808MFap-90Sr2.21.3530340Dx1823FFap-90Sr0.9219681141576.4320669832391.5679330168601553.9694448182414.03055518182701FFap-90Sr0.1811851142602.7551124139-1417.75511241391790MFap-90Sr52010331141165.8652942262-132.8652942262601292.5676713337-259.5676713337

2855FFap-90Sr2.51.7450226Dx1790MFap-90Sr0.9610331151460.911078375-427.911078375611469.6815033216-436.68150332162827MFap-90Sr0.2411281152156.3046877926-1028.30468779264701MFap-90Sr5207151151165.8652942262-450.8652942262611292.5676713337-577.5676713337

1827MFap-90Sr2.62450201Dx2808MFap-90Sr0.9810251161403.1505840708-378.1505840708621427.5375325732-402.53753257323808FFap-90Sr0.2711701161933.0794754819-763.07947548192827MFap-90Sr53011281161103.145782442624.8542175574621244.2448816872-116.2448816872

3855MFap-90Sr2.71.2620376Ex3808FFap-90Sr111701171345.3900897667-175.3900897667631385.3935618249-215.39356182491790MFap-90Sr0.2910331171784.2626672748-751.26266727483808FFap-90Sr54011701171040.426270659129.573729341631195.9220920406-25.9220920406

3964MFap-90Sr2.70.67420310Dx2827MFap-90Sr1.111281181056.587618246271.4123817538641174.6737080832-46.67370808322808MFap-90Sr0.310251181709.8542631713-684.85426317134827FFap-90Sr5408741181040.426270659-166.426270659641195.9220920406-321.9220920406

3827FFap-90Sr2.71.7440201Dx31586FFap-90Sr1.18821191056.5876182462-174.5876182462651174.6737080832-292.673708083231586FFap-90Sr0.378821191188.9954344464-306.99543444644790FFap-90Sr54023731191040.4262706591332.573729341651195.92209204061177.0779079594

1702MFap-90Sr2.81.6670341Dx4827FFap-90Sr1.18741201056.5876182462-182.5876182462661174.6737080832-300.67370808324827FFap-90Sr0.388741201114.5870303429-240.58703034292808MFap-90Sr5601025120914.9872470917110.0127529083661099.2765127476-74.2765127476

2809MFap-90Sr2.81.7620300Dx3854FFap-90Sr1.18091211056.5876182462-247.5876182462671174.6737080832-365.67370808323854FFap-90Sr0.41809121891.3618180323-82.36181803231854MFap-90Sr570693121852.2677353081-159.2677353081671050.953723101-357.953723101

3701FFap-90Sr2.81.9590265Dx11580FFap-90Sr1.2843122767.785146725775.214853274368963.9538543414-120.953854341411580FFap-90Sr0.44843122668.1366057216174.863394278411580FFap-90Sr580843122789.548223524553.4517764755681002.6309334545-159.6309334545

2824FFap-90Sr2.92540238Dx4701MFap-90Sr1.3715123478.9826752051236.017324794969753.2340005997-38.23400059974701MFap-90Sr0.44715123668.136605721646.86339427841823FFap-90Sr5801968123789.54822352451178.4517764755691002.6309334545965.3690665455

2703MFap-90Sr31.8800373Dx1854MFap-90Sr1.3693124478.9826752051214.017324794970753.2340005997-60.23400059972964MFap-90Sr0.51788124147.2777769968640.72222300323790FFap-90Sr630718124475.9506646065242.049335393570761.0169852218-43.0169852218

3792MFap-90Sr32.1640282Dx31581MFap-90Sr1.6747125-387.42473935651134.424739356571121.0744393746625.92556062543790FFap-90Sr0.5271812572.8693728932645.13062710682790MFap-90Sr650644125350.5116410392293.488358960871664.3714059288-20.3714059288

1703FFap-90Sr3.31.9780342Dx3790FFap-90Sr1.7718126-676.2272108771394.22721087772-89.6454143672807.64541436721854MFap-90Sr0.58693126-373.58105172811066.58105172812964MFap-90Sr660788126287.7921292556500.207870744472616.0486162822171.9513837178

1824FFap-90Sr3.32.1610243Dx2790MFap-90Sr1.7644127-676.2272108771320.22721087773-89.6454143672733.645414367231581MFap-90Sr0.67747127-1043.256688661790.2566886621581MFap-90Sr6601931127287.79212925561643.207870744473616.04861628221314.9513837178

1855FFap-90Sr3.41.9640268Dx2964MFap-90Sr1.8788128-965.02968239751753.029682397574-300.36526810891088.36526810892790MFap-90Sr0.7644128-1266.48190097061910.481900970631581MFap-90Sr720747128-88.5249414461835.524941446174326.111878403420.888121597

2854MFap-90Sr3.42.3650252Ex

2792FFap-90Sr3.52820329Dx

1809FFap-90Sr3.52.2670258Dx

4809FFap-90Sr3.61.8510232Dx

3828FFap-90Sr3.72.4730267Ex

4964MFap-90Sr3.72.1640255Dx

3809MFap-90Sr3.92.1990386Dx

4792FFap-90Sr3.92.3600218Dx

2828MFap-90Sr3.93620184Dx

1792MFap-90Sr3.92.5500159Dx

1856MFap-90Sr4.12.7720231Ex

1828FFap-90Sr4.83.1790220Dx

4828MFap-90Sr54.2870195Dx

SUMMARY OUTPUTAcute Initial DRSUMMARY OUTPUTAcute DRtDeathSUMMARY OUTPUTAcute Cumulative Dose

Regression StatisticsRegression StatisticsRegression Statistics

Multiple R0.4640912823Multiple R0.5909222975Multiple R0.2109847833

R Square0.2153807183R Square0.3491891617R Square0.0445145788

Adjusted R Square0.1892267423Adjusted R Square0.3274954671Adjusted R Square0.0126650648

Standard Error61.9163622637Standard Error56.3901607649Standard Error68.326311535

Observations32Observations32Observations32

ANOVAANOVAANOVA

dfSSMSFSignificance FdfSSMSFSignificance FdfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression131570.391271011131570.39127101118.235104210.0074593063Regression151183.961817117151183.961817117116.09634356880.0003694287Regression16524.92331075636524.92331075631.39765331220.2464028266

Residual30115009.0774789893833.6359159663Residual3095395.50693288293179.8502310961Residual30140054.5454392444668.4848479748

Total31146579.46875Total31146579.46875Total31146579.46875

CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

Intercept402.575148005445.85772452278.77878595580.0000000009308.9211806221496.2291153886308.9211806221496.2291153886Intercept390.835279295530.596004452712.77406270150328.349902341453.3206562499328.349902341453.3206562499Intercept214.108846590852.72277534384.0610314080.0003227956106.4345750519321.7831181297106.4345750519321.7831181297

X Variable 1-40.369247148814.0674733358-2.86968712750.0074593063-69.0988603747-11.6396339228-69.0988603747-11.6396339228X Variable 1-59.069968784114.7232309563-4.01202487140.0003694287-89.1388177317-29.0011198364-89.1388177317-29.0011198364X Variable 10.09880493180.08357548271.18222388410.2464028266-0.0718789740.2694888375-0.0718789740.2694888375

RESIDUAL OUTPUTRESIDUAL OUTPUTRESIDUAL OUTPUT

ObservationPredicted YResidualsObservationPredicted YResidualsObservationPredicted YResiduals

1337.9843525673139.01564743271343.5793042682133.42069573181262.5232631535214.4767368465

2321.8366537078-42.83665370782314.0443198762-35.04431987622255.606917930223.3930820698

3321.8366537078-62.83665370783319.9513167546-60.95131675463253.6308192955.369180705

4317.7997289929-31.79972899294314.0443198762-28.04431987624256.594967247829.4050327522

5313.76280427826.2371957225314.044319876225.95568012385266.475460423973.5245395761

6301.6520301334-75.65203013346290.4163323625-64.41633236256258.571065883-32.571065883

7297.6151054185-96.61510541857272.6953417273-71.69534172737258.571065883-57.571065883

8293.578180703782.42181929638319.951316754656.04868324548275.3679042823100.6320957177

9293.578180703716.42181929639351.2584002101-41.25840021019255.606917930254.3930820698

10293.5781807037-92.578180703710290.4163323625-89.416332362510257.5830165654-56.5830165654

11289.541255988851.458744011211296.323329240944.676670759111280.308150870460.6918491296

12289.541255988810.458744011212290.41633236259.583667637512275.367904282324.6320957177

13289.5412559888-24.541255988813278.6023386057-13.602338605713272.4037563295-7.4037563295

14285.5043312739-47.504331273914272.6953417273-34.695341727314267.4635097415-29.4635097415

15281.46740655991.53259344115284.509335484188.490664515915293.152791999279.8472080008

16281.4674065590.53259344116266.788344848915.211655151116277.34400291754.6559970825

17269.356632414472.643367585617278.602338605763.397661394317291.17669336450.823306636

18269.3566324144-26.356632414418266.7883448489-23.788344848918274.3798549647-31.3798549647

19265.31970769952.680292300519278.6023386057-10.602338605719277.3440029175-9.3440029175

20265.3197076995-13.319707699520254.9743510921-2.974351092120278.3320522351-26.3320522351

21261.282782984667.717217015421272.695341727356.304658272721295.128890634433.8711093656

22261.2827829846-3.282782984622260.8813479705-2.881347970522280.3081508704-22.3081508704

23257.2458582697-25.245858269723284.5093354841-52.509335484123264.4993617887-32.4993617887

24253.208933554913.791066445124249.067354213717.932645786324286.236446776-19.236446776

25253.20893355491.791066445125266.7883448489-11.788344848925277.3440029175-22.3440029175

26245.1350841251140.864915874926266.7883448489119.211655151126311.925729033774.0742709663

27245.1350841251-27.135084125127254.9743510921-36.974351092127273.3918056471-55.3918056471

28245.1350841251-61.135084125128213.6253729432-29.625372943228275.3679042823-91.3679042823

29245.1350841251-86.135084125129243.1603573353-84.160357335329263.5113124711-104.5113124711

30237.0612346954-6.061234695430231.3463635785-0.346363578530285.2483974584-54.2483974584

31208.802761691211.197238308831207.718376064812.281623935231292.1647426816-72.1647426816

32200.7289122615-5.728912261532142.741410402352.258589597732300.0691372224-105.0691372224

90Sr-DRtoDeathChart

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Y

Predicted Y

X Variable 1

Y

X Variable 1 Line Fit Plot

90Sr-cumDoseChart

DOGSexDose RateDose RateCumulative doseDaysDiedCancerCancerCancerCancerOtherDOGSexDose RateDose RateCumulative doseDays

(Gy/Day)at Deathat Deathto DeathEuphanizedLungTBLNHeart(Gy/Day)at Deathat Deathto Death

Intial(Gy/Day)(Gy)Intial(Gy/Day)(Gy)

SUMMARY OUTPUT

1476FFap-90Sr0006025Dxx1476FFap-90Sr0006025

2636FFap-90Y0005346Ex2636FFap-90Y0005346Regression Statistics

31579MFap-90Sr0.0760.006725296Dxx2833MFap-90Sr0004932Multiple R0.3108169459

2833MFap-90Sr0004932Dx2596MFap-90Y0004850R Square0.0966071739

2596MFap-90Y0004850Ex2660MFap-90Y0004680Adjusted R Square0.0847204262

2660MFap-90Y0004680Dx2588FFap-90Y0004601Standard Error821.4329601451

2588FFap-90Y0004601Ex2788FFap-144Ce0004394Observations78

2788FFap-144Ce0004394Ex3833FFap-90Sr0003680

11584FFap-90Sr0.0650.005644274Exx4950MFap-90Sr0004076ANOVA

3833FFap-90Sr0003680Dx2745MFap-91Y0003029dfSSMSFSignificance F

41585FFap-90Sr0.0420.004443620Ex2950MFap-90Sr0005407Regression15483913.329488285483913.329488288.12730077370.0056108139

2704MFap-90Sr0.280.0232602830Dxx1851FFap-90Sr0005345Residual7651281160.2089733674752.108012806

4853MFap-90Sr0.480.0353602753Exx31576MFap-90Sr0005257Total7756765073.5384615

3806MFap-90Sr0.20.021802636Exx2755FFap-144Ce0005203

4700MFap-90Sr0.40.033102615Dxx1940FFap-91Y0005158CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

3823FFap-90Sr0.450.0163202596Dxx2851MFap-90Sr0004974Intercept4597.11968809103.2857046144.508770167604391.40838246194802.8309937184391.40838246194802.830993718

4789FFap-90Sr0.220.021702565Ex2878FFap-91Y0004779X Variable 1-11.64160819564.0835681948-2.85084211660.0056108139-19.7747389918-3.5084773994-19.7747389918-3.5084773994

1704FFap-90Sr0.480.0494402429Dxx2699MFap-144Ce0004759

11586MFap-90Sr0.30.0432302104Ex1962FFap-90Sr0004703

1964MFap-90Sr0.780.114801821Exx1636MFap-90Y0004400

1701MFap-90Sr0.810.184301214Ex1811MFap-144Ce0004296RESIDUAL OUTPUT

2826MFap-90Sr0.710.153401213Dx11576FFap-90Sr0004237

2701FFap-90Sr0.780.184301185Dx1833FFap-144Ce0004195ObservationPredicted YResiduals

3808FFap-90Sr10.275401170Ex1830FFap-90Sr000418914597.119688091427.88031191

2827MFap-90Sr1.10.245301128Exx21576MFap-90Sr000385924597.11968809748.88031191

1790MFap-90Sr0.960.295201033Ex31582MFap-90Sr000353434597.11968809334.88031191

2808MFap-90Sr0.980.35601025Dx2862FFap-91Y000336344597.11968809252.88031191

31586FFap-90Sr1.10.37500882Ex2683FFap-90Y000547054597.1196880982.88031191

4827FFap-90Sr1.10.38540874Dx4833MFap-90Sr000537264597.119688093.88031191

11580FFap-90Sr1.20.44580843Ex1950MFap-90Sr000437574597.11968809-203.11968809

3854FFap-90Sr1.10.41490809Ex1660MFap-90Y000578884597.11968809-917.11968809

2964MFap-90Sr1.80.51660788Dx2811MFap-144Ce000528194597.11968809-521.11968809

31581MFap-90Sr1.60.67720747Ex1878MFap-91Y0005942104597.11968809-1568.11968809

3790FFap-90Sr1.70.52630718Dx2830FFap-90Sr0005540114597.11968809809.88031191

4701MFap-90Sr1.30.44520715Dx1596FFap-90Y0005512124597.11968809747.88031191

1854MFap-90Sr1.30.58570693Ex1862MFap-144Ce0005454134597.11968809659.88031191

2790MFap-90Sr1.70.7650644Ex1699MFap-144Ce0005369144597.11968809605.88031191

11583MFap-90Sr0.0850.007864200Ex1812MFap-91Y0005367154597.11968809560.88031191

4950MFap-90Sr0004076Dx2911FFap-91Y0005306164597.11968809376.88031191

31578MFap-90Sr0.0420.005484032Ex1725MFap-144Ce0005233174597.11968809181.88031191

21584MFap-90Sr0.0810.009803929Ex1911MFap-91Y0005220184597.11968809161.88031191

11578MFap-90Sr0.00770.00077.73414Ex2940MFap-91Y0005170194597.11968809105.88031191

31583FFap-90Sr0.080.007613332Ex1788MFap-144Ce0005057204597.11968809-197.11968809

2745MFap-91Y0003029Dxx1683MFap-90Y0004743214597.11968809-301.1196880960252667Anova: Single Factor

31584FFap-90Sr0.0140.00078.82765Ex1816FFap-144Ce0004652224597.11968809-360.1196880953464591

2963MFap-90Sr0.260.021802587Dxx1755MFap-144Ce0004617234597.11968809-402.1196880949324958SUMMARY

31577FFap-90Sr0.0330.0048262057Ex2873FFap-144Ce0004578244597.11968809-408.1196880948503414GroupsCountSumAverageVariance

41578MFap-90Sr0.0540.0077391905Ex1492MFap-90Y0004567254597.11968809-738.1196880946802765Column 1542567664754.9259259259442281.994409503

1806FFap-90Sr0.40.0773101807Dx1745FFap-91Y0004407264597.11968809-1063.1196880946013860Column 224918223825.9166666667825394.949275361

21577FFap-90Sr0.0790.01853594Ex3950FFap-90Sr0004254274597.11968809-1234.1196880943944190

3789FFap-90Sr0.420.012803306Dx3755FFap-144Ce0004184284597.11968809872.8803119136802927

1789MFap-90Sr0.210.0131903245Ex1873FFap-144Ce0004151294597.11968809774.8803119140764808ANOVA

4826FFap-90Sr0.350.0272502443Dx1588FFap-90Y0004123304597.11968809-222.1196880930294774Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit

2806MFap-90Sr0.50.0352902313Ex2812FFap-91Y0003763314597.119688091190.8803119154074238Between Groups14340044.0014245114340044.001424525.68868792790.00000274323.9667596602

2853FFap-90Sr0.350.0432902305Ex41577FFap-90Sr0.00620.000455.52667324597.11968809683.8803119153454412Within Groups42425029.53703776558224.07285575

3853MFap-90Sr0.210.0381902241Ex21583FFap-90Sr0.00780.00025.74591334597.119688091344.8803119152572057

4806FFap-90Sr0.220.0351902156Dx21578MFap-90Sr0.00650.00026.24958344597.11968809942.8803119152031905Total56765073.538461577

1853FFap-90Sr0.260.0472402094Dx11578MFap-90Sr0.00770.00077.73414354597.11968809914.8803119151583620

1823FFap-90Sr0.920.0875801968Dx31584FFap-90Sr0.0140.00078.82765364597.11968809856.8803119149744032

1963MFap-90Sr0.360.0833101703Dx11577MFap-90Sr0.00920.00089.53860374597.11968809771.8803119147793155

21580FFap-90Sr0.390.0932901593Dx41579FFap-90Sr0.0130.00039.54190384597.11968809769.8803119147593332

1826FFap-90Sr0.70.113801461Dx31585FFap-90Sr0.0140.0006102927394597.11968809708.8803119147034274

2950MFap-90Sr0005407Dx21585MFap-90Sr0.0110.0008144808404597.11968809635.8803119144005296

1851FFap-90Sr0005345Ex11585MFap-90Sr0.0150.001164774414597.11968809622.8803119142964824

31576MFap-90Sr0005257Ex41583FFap-90Sr0.0160.0008164238424597.11968809572.8803119142373929

2755FFap-144Ce0005203Dx11579MFap-90Sr0.0170.0012224412434597.11968809459.8803119141953594

1940FFap-91Y0005158Ex31577FFap-90Sr0.0330.0048262057444597.11968809145.8803119141894200

2851MFap-90Sr0004974Ex41578MFap-90Sr0.0540.0077391905454597.1196880954.880311913859

21585MFap-90Sr0.0110.0008144808Ex41585FFap-90Sr0.0420.004443620464597.1196880919.880311913534

2878FFap-91Y0004779Ex31578MFap-90Sr0.0420.005484032474597.11968809-19.119688093363

11585MFap-90Sr0.0150.001164774Ex41584FFap-90Sr0.0470.004493155484597.11968809-30.119688095470

2699MFap-144Ce0004759Ex31583FFap-90Sr0.080.007613332494597.11968809-190.119688095372

1962FFap-90Sr0004703Ex11584FFap-90Sr0.0650.005644274504597.11968809-343.119688094375

21583FFap-90Sr0.00780.00025.74591Ex31579MFap-90Sr0.0760.006725296514597.11968809-413.119688095788

1636MFap-90Y0004400Ex21579MFap-90Sr0.0510.004734824524597.11968809-446.119688095281

1811MFap-144Ce0004296Ex21584MFap-90Sr0.0810.009803929534597.11968809-474.119688095942

41583FFap-90Sr0.0160.0008164238Ex21577FFap-90Sr0.0790.01853594544597.11968809-834.119688095540

11576FFap-90Sr0004237Ex11583MFap-90Sr0.0850.007864200554533.0908430141-1866.09084301415512

1833FFap-144Ce0004195Dx21586FFap-90Sr0.140.0191102301564530.76252137560.2374786255454

1830FFap-90Sr0004189Ex2700FFap-90Sr0.230.0041403412574524.9417172772433.05828272285369

11577MFap-90Sr0.00920.00089.53860Ex41586FFap-90Sr0.180.0291502030584507.4793049837-1093.47930498375367

21576MFap-90Sr0003859Ex4789FFap-90Sr0.220.021702565594494.6735359686-1729.67353596865306

2823FFap-90Sr0.30.00632103767Ex3806MFap-90Sr0.20.021802636604486.5244102316-626.52441023165233

31582MFap-90Sr0003534Ex2963MFap-90Sr0.260.021802587614486.5244102316-296.52441023165220

11581MFap-90Sr0.280.0222203477Dxx1789MFap-90Sr0.210.0131903245624480.7036061338-1553.70360613385170

2862FFap-91Y0003363Dx3853MFap-90Sr0.210.0381902241634434.1371733514373.86282664865057

41584FFap-90Sr0.0470.004493155Ex4806FFap-90Sr0.220.0351902156644410.8539569601363.14604303994743

41577FFap-90Sr0.00620.000455.52667Ex2823FFap-90Sr0.30.00632103767654410.8539569601-172.85395696014652

3826MFap-90Sr0.450.0293102496Ex11581MFap-90Sr0.280.0222203477664341.004307786470.99569221364617

21586FFap-90Sr0.140.0191102301Ex11586MFap-90Sr0.30.0432302104674294.437875004-2237.4378750044578

41586FFap-90Sr0.180.0291502030Ex1853FFap-90Sr0.260.0472402094684143.096968461-2238.0969684614567

31580MFap-90Sr0.270.0592401963Ex31580MFap-90Sr0.270.0592401963694084.8889274829-464.88892748294407

2789MFap-90Sr0.420.0833101683Ex4826FFap-90Sr0.350.0272502443704038.3224947004-6.32249470044254

2683FFap-90Y0005470Dx2704MFap-90Sr0.280.0232602830714026.6808865048-871.68088650484184

4833MFap-90Sr0005372Dx3789FFap-90Sr0.420.012803306723886.9815881574-554.98158815744151

21579MFap-90Sr0.0510.004734824Ex2806MFap-90Sr0.50.0352902313733852.0567635706421.94323642944123

1950MFap-90Sr0004375Dx2853FFap-90Sr0.350.0432902305743758.92389800561537.07610199443763

31585FFap-90Sr0.0140.0006102927Dx21580FFap-90Sr0.390.0932901593753747.282289811076.71771019

4790FFap-90Sr0.760.0645402373Dx4700MFap-90Sr0.40.033102615763665.7910324407263.2089675593

21581MFap-90Sr0.860.156601931Dx1806FFap-90Sr0.40.0773101807773607.5829914626-13.5829914626

1660MFap-90Y0005788Dx1963MFap-90Sr0.360.0833101703783595.941383267604.058616733

2811MFap-144Ce0005281Ex3826MFap-90Sr0.450.0293102496

11579MFap-90Sr0.0170.0012224412Dx2789MFap-90Sr0.420.0833101683SUMMARY OUTPUT

41579FFap-90Sr0.0130.00039.54190Dx3823FFap-90Sr0.450.0163202596

1878MFap-91Y0005942Ex2826MFap-90Sr0.710.153401213Regression Statistics

2830FFap-90Sr0005540Ex4853MFap-90Sr0.480.0353602753Multiple R0.7483109005

1596FFap-90Y0005512Ex1826FFap-90Sr0.70.113801461R Square0.5599692038

1862MFap-144Ce0005454Dx1701MFap-90Sr0.810.184301214Adjusted R Square0.5508018956

1699MFap-144Ce0005369Ex2701FFap-90Sr0.780.184301185Standard Error568.9378438632

1812MFap-91Y0005367Dx1704FFap-90Sr0.480.0494402429Observations50

2911FFap-91Y0005306Ex1964MFap-90Sr0.780.114801821

1725MFap-144Ce0005233Dx3854FFap-90Sr1.10.41490809ANOVA

1911MFap-91Y0005220Ex31586FFap-90Sr1.10.37500882dfSSMSFSignificance F

2940MFap-91Y0005170Ex1790MFap-90Sr0.960.295201033Regression119772061.531374919772061.531374961.08327420650.0000000004

1788MFap-144Ce0005057Ex4701MFap-90Sr1.30.44520715Residual4815537132.9686251323690.270179689

21578MFap-90Sr0.00650.00026.24958Ex2827MFap-90Sr1.10.245301128Total4935309194.5

1683MFap-90Y0004743Dx3808FFap-90Sr10.275401170

1816FFap-144Ce0004652Ex4827FFap-90Sr1.10.38540874CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

1755MFap-144Ce0004617Dx4790FFap-90Sr0.760.0645402373Intercept3325.2250730092200.056238955816.621451499702922.98505262663727.46509339182922.98505262663727.4650933918

2873FFap-144Ce0004578Dx2808MFap-90Sr0.980.35601025X Variable 1-3.80320157550.4866180232-7.81557894250.0000000004-4.7816126693-2.8247904816-4.7816126693-2.8247904816

1492MFap-90Y0004567Ex1854MFap-90Sr1.30.58570693

1745FFap-91Y0004407Dx11580FFap-90Sr1.20.44580843

3950FFap-90Sr0004254Dx1823FFap-90Sr0.920.0875801968

3755FFap-144Ce0004184Dx3790FFap-90Sr1.70.52630718RESIDUAL OUTPUT

1873FFap-144Ce0004151Dx2790MFap-90Sr1.70.7650644

1588FFap-90Y0004123Ex2964MFap-90Sr1.80.51660788ObservationPredicted YResiduals

2812FFap-91Y0003763Dx21581MFap-90Sr0.860.15660193112906.8728997068-605.8728997068

2700FFap-90Sr0.230.0041403412Dx31581MFap-90Sr1.60.6772074722792.7768524425619.2231475575

32754.7448366878-724.7448366878

3824FFap-90Sr21.2400259Dx42678.6808051782-113.6808051782

4854FFap-90Sr21.3420279Dx52640.6487894235-4.6487894235

3964MFap-90Sr2.70.67420310Dx62640.6487894235-53.6487894235

4808FFap-90Sr2.11.3430286Dx72602.6167736687642.3832263313

3827FFap-90Sr2.71.7440201Dx82602.6167736687-361.6167736687

2855FFap-90Sr2.51.7450226Dx92602.6167736687-446.6167736687

1827MFap-90Sr2.62450201Dx102526.55274215921240.4472578408

2702FFap-90Sr1.60.8490477Dx112488.5207264044988.4792735956

1792MFap-90Sr3.92.5500159Dx122450.4887106497-346.4887106497

4809FFap-90Sr3.61.8510232Dx132412.4566948949-318.4566948949

1808MFap-90Sr2.21.3530340Dx142412.4566948949-449.4566948949

2824FFap-90Sr2.92540238Dx152374.424679140268.5753208598

3701FFap-90Sr2.81.9590265Dx162336.3926633854493.6073366146

4792FFap-90Sr3.92.3600218Dx172260.32863187591045.6713681241

1824FFap-90Sr3.32.1610243Dx182222.296616121190.7033838789

3855MFap-90Sr2.71.2620376Ex192222.296616121182.7033838789

2809MFap-90Sr2.81.7620300Dx202222.2966161211-629.2966161211

2828MFap-90Sr3.93620184Dx212146.2325846116468.7674153884

3792MFap-90Sr32.1640282Dx222146.2325846116-339.2325846116

1855FFap-90Sr3.41.9640268Dx232146.2325846116-443.2325846116

4964MFap-90Sr3.72.1640255Dx242146.2325846116349.7674153884

2854MFap-90Sr3.42.3650252Ex252146.2325846116-463.2325846116

1702MFap-90Sr2.81.6670341Dx262108.2005688568487.7994311432

1809FFap-90Sr3.52.2670258Dx272032.1365373473-819.1365373473

1856MFap-90Sr4.12.7720231Ex281956.0725058378796.9274941622

3828FFap-90Sr3.72.4730267Ex291880.0084743283-419.0084743283

1703FFap-90Sr3.31.9780342Dx301689.8483955545-475.8483955545

1828FFap-90Sr4.83.1790220Dx311689.8483955545-504.8483955545

2703MFap-90Sr31.8800373Dx321651.8163797997777.1836202003

2792FFap-90Sr3.52820329Dx331499.6883167807321.3116832193

4828MFap-90Sr54.2870195Dx341461.6563010259-652.6563010259

3809MFap-90Sr3.92.1990386Dx351423.6242852712-541.6242852712

361347.5602537616-314.5602537617

SUMMARY OUTPUT371347.5602537616-632.5602537617

381309.5282380069-181.5282380069

Regression Statistics391271.4962222521-101.4962222521

Multiple R0.2109847833401271.4962222521-397.4962222521

R Square0.0445145788411271.49622225211101.5037777479

Adjusted R Square0.0126650648421195.4321907426-170.4321907426

Standard Error68.326311535431157.4001749879-464.4001749879

Observations32441119.3681592331-276.3681592331

451119.3681592331848.6318407669

ANOVA46929.2080804593-211.2080804593

dfSSMSFSignificance F47853.1440489498-209.1440489498

Regression16524.92331075636524.92331075631.39765331220.246402826648815.112033195-27.112033195

Residual30140054.5454392444668.484847974849815.1120331951115.887966805

Total31146579.4687550586.9199386665160.0800613335

CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

Intercept214.108846590852.72277534384.0610314080.0003227956106.4345750519321.7831181297106.4345750519321.7831181297

X Variable 10.09880493180.08357548271.18222388410.2464028266-0.0718789740.2694888375-0.0718789740.2694888375

RESIDUAL OUTPUT

ObservationPredicted YResiduals

1253.6308192955.369180705

2255.606917930223.3930820698

3255.606917930254.3930820698

4256.594967247829.4050327522

5257.5830165654-56.5830165654

6258.571065883-32.571065883

7258.571065883-57.571065883

8262.5232631535214.4767368465

9263.5113124711-104.5113124711

10264.4993617887-32.4993617887

11266.475460423973.5245395761

12267.4635097415-29.4635097415

13272.4037563295-7.4037563295

14273.3918056471-55.3918056471

15274.3798549647-31.3798549647

16275.3679042823100.6320957177

17275.367904282324.6320957177

18275.3679042823-91.3679042823

19277.34400291754.6559970825

20277.3440029175-9.3440029175

21277.3440029175-22.3440029175

22278.3320522351-26.3320522351

23280.308150870460.6918491296

24280.3081508704-22.3081508704

25285.2483974584-54.2483974584

26286.236446776-19.236446776

27291.17669336450.823306636

28292.1647426816-72.1647426816

29293.152791999279.8472080008

30295.128890634433.8711093656

31300.0691372224-105.0691372224

32311.925729033774.0742709663

90Sr-cumDoseChart

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Y

Predicted Y

X Variable 1

Y

X Variable 1 Line Fit Plot

LowDR

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Y

Predicted Y

X Variable 1

Y

X Variable 1 Line Fit Plot

LowCum

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

00000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

0000000

000000

0000

0000

0000

000

000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Lung Cancer

TBLN Cancer

Heart Cancer

Cancer

Other

Acute

Total Cancer and Lung Cancer Total dose to lung (Gy) 0 5 10 15 20 25 7570656055504540353025201510 5 0Percent of Dogs with CancerLung cancerControl dogsAll cancersControl dogs

% Total Cancer (Controls) by Location

% Lung Cancer (Control) by Location

ITRI ExposedLNT FIT

Selection of Proper Controls??Dog DataAdd more control dogs for greater accuracyAdding dogs greater genetic variationAdding dogs different environmental and life stylesHuman DataMatch controls for life-style, stress and environment, Age, Sex etc.the distal group has about 5% higher cancer rates than estimated for zero dose from the proximal group. (Pierce and Preston 2000)Adding more people increases variation in genetic variation, record keeping, environment, life-style.

How much is a Bq?Scientific definitionSocial definitionRiskWill I be OK?

Comparing Environmental and Health Effects (Bq?)The levels in the environment are very non-uniformThe amount of radiation required to produce health effects is much higher than that in the environment (large safety factor)There is a decrease in effectiveness with partial body exposuresThere is a decrease in effectiveness with decreasing dose-rate.

The risk for radiation induced cancer in human populations is low and undetectable at low doses and dose-rates thus mechanistic studies are required.DOE Low Dose Radiation Research Program http://www.lowdose.energy.govCells can detect and respond to very low doses of ionizing radiationRadiation responses at all levels of biological organization are different at high doses than at low doses.High dose-rate produces more biological damage than low dose-rate exposuresBystander effects, adaptive responses, ROS status of the cells, and genomic instability are interrelated and can be related to protective mechanisms. This resulted in major paradigm shifts in Radiation biology.Thus, mechanisms of radiation action change as a function of dose and dose-rate. Data suggest that radiation exposures are detrimental at high doses and protective at low doses.

Mechanistic Studies of Low Dose Effects

Cells can detect and respond to very low doses of ionizing radiation

Radiation responses at all levels of biological organization are different at high doses than at low doses

Thus, mechanisms of radiation action change as a function of dose. Data suggest that they are detrimental at high doses and protective at low doses.

Low Dose research require paradigm shifts in radiation biology to support the data.

Bystander effects, adaptive responses, ROS status of the cells, and genomic instability are interrelated and can be related to protective mechanisms.

The risk for radiation induced cancer in human populations is low and undetectable at low doses and dose-rates.

Linear low dose (LNT) extrapolation is not supported by low dose radiation research Mechanistic studies of Low Dose Effects

Helpful Reviews of Health Effects from Low dose and dose-rate radiationHealth Physics 97: November 2009, Special Issue: 44th Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements: Low Dose and Low Dose-Rate Radiation Effects and Models.

Dauer, LT, Brooks, AL, Hoel, D, Morgan W, Stram D, Tran P. (2010) Evaluation of updated research on the health effects associated with low-dose ionizing radiation, Radiation Protection Dosimetry 140 (2) 103-136.

Health Physics 100:, March 2011, Special Issue: Proceedings of the Conference on Biological Consequences and Health Risks of Low-Level Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: In honor of Victor P. Bond.

Radiation Risk: What Is the Public Perception? Radiation is very badThere is good and bad radiation, (Medical and Environmental)Each and every ionization increases their risk for cancer (LNT)Many conclude that if you are exposed to radiation you are going to get cancerIf you were exposed to radiation and you get cancer the radiation caused the cancer

It is not all my Fault!!At low doses I do way more good than harm!!!

*

This slide demonstrates that we all receive a total of about 370 mrem (0.37 mSv) of radiation exposure each year from background sources. The range of exposures from background is very high in different environments. Background radiation increases as a function of elevation, as a function of radon in homes and from natural radioactive materials in the environments. There are some areas where the natural background radiation dose is increased by more than a factor of ten. Many of the man made exposure are being regulated at levels much below background. For example there are some very vigorous discussions on whether the level for exposure from man-made sources should be 15 or 25 mrem per year. Since both of these levels are far below the background level, and the range of background level is so high, it is difficult to justify the needed expense required to comply with the lower standard.*The high and variable background rate of cancer is illustrated in every county in the United States. This slide shows cancer rate broken down into percentiles with the highest rates shown as red and the lowest rates illustrated as blue. This interesting map illustrates that some geographical regions have very high cancer rates while other regions are low. One of the features of this map is that it illustrates that in the high elevation, high cosmic radiation western states that the cancer rate is low. The highest cancer rates seem to be along the Mississippi river where the background radiation is very low. There are so many confounding factors in the environment that the cancer rate cannot be linked to any one of them. The map helps illustrate that radiation is not one of the big hitters in the production of cancer. *