Communities and EcosystemsJEOPARDY!!

Discovery of DNA DNA structure and replication

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

Mitosis Meiosis

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10 10 Discovery of DNA

Which scientist discovered the presence of a transforming factor

while working with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?

1010

Griffith

Discovery of DNA

2020 Discovery of DNA

Using the conclusions of Griffith’s experiment, which scientists

discovered DNA to be the hereditary material?

20 20 Discovery of DNA

Hershey and Chase

3030 Discovery of DNA

Using models and the research of various other scientists, what were Watson and Crick able to discover?

30 30 Discovery of DNA

The structure of DNA, and thus were able to hypothesize DNA

replication

30 30 Community 1Community 1

4040 Discovery of DNA

What two macromolecules were suggested to be the transforming

factor, and how were they distinguished from one another in Hershey and Chases experiment?

40 40 Discovery of DNA

*DNA- phosphorus*Protein-Sulfur

50 50 Discovery of DNA

What were the results of Griffith’s experiment?

5050

Heat-killed pathogenic (harmful) bacteria mixed with living non-pathogenic (harmless) bacteria caused the formation of living pathogenic (harmful) bacteria.

Discovery of DNA

1010

The monomers of the nucleic acids are called…

DNA structure and replication

Nucleotides

1010 DNA structure and replication

2020

Identify two differences between Identify two differences between DNA and RNA.DNA and RNA.

DNA structure and replication

*DNA –thymine, deoxribose, *DNA –thymine, deoxribose, double stranded, longerdouble stranded, longer

*RNA- uracil, ribose, single *RNA- uracil, ribose, single stranded, shorterstranded, shorter

2020 DNA structure and replication

3030

Two polynucleotide strands are held Two polynucleotide strands are held together by 1._______ bonds, and together by 1._______ bonds, and the backbone of each strand is held the backbone of each strand is held

together by a 2._______. together by a 2._______.

DNA structure and replication

1. hydogen1. hydogen2. covalent2. covalent

3030 DNA structure and replication

4040

DNA Polymerase cannot start a new DNA Polymerase cannot start a new polynucleotide chain, but can only polynucleotide chain, but can only

extend one. What is required to extend one. What is required to mark the start? *be specific*mark the start? *be specific*

DNA structure and replication

*an RNA primer laid down by *an RNA primer laid down by RNA primaseRNA primase.

4040 DNA structure and replication

5050

DNA polymerase can only make a DNA polymerase can only make a new strand in one section and why?new strand in one section and why?

DNA structure and replication

5050

5’3’; DNA polymerase can only attach to the 3’ –OH of the deoxyribose sugar at the end of the template.

DNA structure and replication

1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

Which enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?

Helicase

1010 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

2020

Why is DNA replication considered Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?semi-conservative?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

One of the original strands of DNA is retained (“conserved”) in

the newly constructed strands.

2020 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

3030

What is the order of the Cell Cycle?What is the order of the Cell Cycle?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

3030 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

G1SG2MCytokinesis

4040Johnny smokes cigarettes. The Johnny smokes cigarettes. The

DNA of Johnny’s body has DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains to nicotine. He no longer contains

the correct gene instructions to the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a his cells. What could happen as a

result?result?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

4040 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

The cells will not recognize one

another, will continue to divide although bumping into each other, and a tumor

can form.

5050

**What are the role of checkpoints in the cell

cycle?

DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

5050 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

*help to ensure phases of the cell cycle are complete and accurate

before moving on to the next phase.

1010 Mitosis

What are the phases of mitosis?

1010 Mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

2020

What kinds of cells are What kinds of cells are produced through mitosis? produced through mitosis?

BE SPECIFICBE SPECIFIC

Mitosis

2020 Mitosis

Diploid somatic cells Diploid somatic cells (non-sex cells) (non-sex cells)

3030 Mitosis

Identify the phase and briefly explain.

3030 Mitosis

Prophase; chromosomes appear, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers form

4040 Mitosis

What are the differences What are the differences between plant and animal between plant and animal mitosis?mitosis?

4040 Mitosis

*no centrioles are used in a plant cell during mitosis (spindle fibers form spontaneously)*plant forms a cell plate, *plant forms a cell plate, instead of a cleavage instead of a cleavage furrow, during telophase furrow, during telophase leading into cytokinesisleading into cytokinesis

5050 Mitosis

A fungus has a diploid number of 30. Fungal A fungus has a diploid number of 30. Fungal haploid cells have the ability to continue haploid cells have the ability to continue through the cell cycle and perform mitosis through the cell cycle and perform mitosis (undergo all stages of the cell cycle (undergo all stages of the cell cycle including including InterphaseInterphase). ).

If this haploid cell went through mitosis, hat If this haploid cell went through mitosis, hat would the number of chromosomes be would the number of chromosomes be during prophase? What would the during prophase? What would the chromosomes look like?chromosomes look like?

5050 Mitosis

15; X shaped chromosomes

1010

My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!

MeiosisMeiosis

10 Population Growth

From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>

Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?

A: The one in Alaska because it is

HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth

Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.

Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.

Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.

Intestine - Currently taking an exam

CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing

TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

1010 MeiosisMeiosis

What term is used to describe chromosomes that carry the same genes, just different versions of those genes?

1010 MeiosisMeiosis

Homologous chromosomes

1010 Population Growth

2020 MeiosisMeiosis

When do homologous chromosomes pair up? What happens as a results?

Prophase 1- synapsis occurs, a tetrad forms, enabling Prophase 1- synapsis occurs, a tetrad forms, enabling crossing over.crossing over.

2020 MeiosisMeiosis

3030 MeiosisMeiosis

What is required before meiosis can What is required before meiosis can occur?occur?

3030 MeiosisMeiosis

*DNA replication in a diploid cell.

3030 Population Growth

4040 MeiosisMeiosis

Identify the phase of meiosis and explain.

4040 MeiosisMeiosis

Anaphase 1; *homologous chromosomes separate into individual chromosomes (sister chromatids)*cell is now haploid

5050 MeiosisMeiosis

A cat has a diploid number of 38. A cat has a diploid number of 38.

1.1.What would the number of chromosomes be in a What would the number of chromosomes be in a cell in telophase 1 of meiosis in this cat? What cell in telophase 1 of meiosis in this cat? What would it look like?would it look like?2.2.What would the number of chromatids be in a cell What would the number of chromatids be in a cell in telophase 2 of meiosis in this cat? What would it in telophase 2 of meiosis in this cat? What would it look like?look like?

5050 MeiosisMeiosis

1. 19, X (two sister chromatids)

2. 19, | 2. 19, | (one half of a chromosomes, (one half of a chromosomes,

individual chromatid)individual chromatid)