communicative competence

17
COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

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ESL EFL Communicative competence: categories. Difference with performance.

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Page 1: Communicative competence

COMMUNICATIVE

COMPETENCE

Page 2: Communicative competence

• Communicative Competence

is the ability to use the

language correctly and

appropriately in the context

where it is used to

accomplish communication

goals

• The desired outcome of the

language learning process is

the ability to communicate

competently, not the ability to

use the language exactly as

Page 3: Communicative competence

• The linguist Noam Chomsky introduced the notion of competence and performance as part of his foundations for his Generative Grammar (1965)

• Hymes referred to communicative competence as that aspect that enables us to convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within specific contexts (1967)

• Savignon noted that communicative competence is relative, and depends on the cooperation of all the participants involved .

Page 4: Communicative competence
Page 5: Communicative competence

In the 1970 s, research on communicative competence distinguished

between linguistic and communicative competence: it highlights the

difference between knowledge "about language forms” and the knowledge

that enables a person to communicative functionally and interactively .

In similar vein, James Cummins proposed a distinction between cognitive /

academic language proficiency and basic interpersonal skills.

Page 6: Communicative competence

competence involves “knowing”

the language and performance

involves “doing” something with

the language. In order to focus

learners more on the “doing” part

of learning, which allows a more

accurate measure of learners’

language proficiency, a more

communicative approach to

teaching can be used. This type

of approach concentrates on

getting learners to do things with

the language.

Page 7: Communicative competence

In Canale and Swain's, and later in Canale`s (1983)

definition , there are four different components , or

subcategories that make up the construct of

communicative competence

GRAMMATICAL

COMPETENCY

DISCOURSE

COMPETENCY

SOCIOLINGUISTIC

COMPETENCY

STRATEGIC

COMPETENCY

Page 8: Communicative competence

Furthermore, the division

is more detailed by Guy

Spiel Mann (2006). As

noted on the picture, the

three rings are connected

and deeply specified.

Page 9: Communicative competence

GRAMMATICAL COMPTENCE

It is that aspect ofcommunicative competence thatencompasses Knowledge oflexical ítems and of rules ofmorphology, syntax, sentence –grammar semantics, andphonology

Page 10: Communicative competence

It is knowing how to use the

grammar, syntax, and

vocabulary of a language.

Linguistic competence asks:

What words do I use? How

do I put them into phrases

and sentences?

Page 11: Communicative competence

DISCOURSE

It is the ability we have to connect sentences in

stretches of discourse and to form a

meanigfulwhole out of a series of utterance .

Discourse means everything from simple spoken

conversation to lenghty written texts.

Page 12: Communicative competence

It is knowing how to interpret the

larger context, and how to construct

longer stretches of language, so that

the parts make up a coherent whole.

In a discourse (oral form), two

aspects play an important role:

fluency and accuracy. The goal is to

communicate and build on both, so

that in the long run, the two are

developed and do not hinder the

process of communication aimed.

Page 13: Communicative competence

SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCY

It is the Knowledge of the sociocultural rules of language and of discourse.

This type of competence requires an

understanding of the sociql context in

which language is used: the roles of the

participants, the information they share

and the function of the interaction.

Page 14: Communicative competence

It is knowing how to use

and respond to language

appropriately, given the

setting, the topic, and the

relationships among the

people communicating.

Sociolinguistic competence

asks:

“Which words and phrases

fit this setting and this topic?

How can I express a specific

attitude (courtesy, authority,

friendliness, respect) when I

Page 15: Communicative competence

STRATEGIC COMPETENCY

It describes the nonverbal

communication strategies that may be

called into action to compensate for

breakdowns in communication due to

perfomance variables, or due to

insufficient competence.

Page 16: Communicative competence

Strategic competency is knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one’s knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context.

Strategic competence asks: How do I know when I’ve misunderstood or when someone has misunderstood me? What do I say then? How can I express my ideas if I don’t know the name of something or the right verb form to use?

Page 17: Communicative competence