communication disorders speech impairment lily c. bordallo dr. cyrus
TRANSCRIPT
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Communication Disorders
SPEECH
IMPAIRMENTLily C. Bordallo
Dr. Cyrus
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How Do You Recognize Students with Communication Disorders?
?
How Do You Recognize Students with SPEECH?Communication entails
receiving, understanding, and expressing information, feelings, and ideas.
Communication and language include both the content and the medium used.
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How Do You Recognize Students with SPEECH?Speech and language disorders
(often associated with other disorders)
Speech disorder refers to difficulty in producing sounds (cleft palate).
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How Do You Recognize Students with SPEECH?
Language disorder:
refers to difficulty in receiving, understanding, and formulating ideas and information.
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How Do You Recognize Students with SPEECH?Cultural diversity
Difference does not always mean disorder.
Dialects are various forms of language.
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How Do You Recognize Students with SPEECH?
By the age of 8, children can produce nearly all the consonants and vowels that make up the native language.
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Speech disorders
Articulation: Production of individual or
sequenced soundsSubstitutions, omissions, additions, and distortions
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Speech disorders
If these problems interfere with peer motor speech disorder affecting the planning of speech
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Speech disorders
Difficulty with the voluntary, purposeful movement of speech (stroke, tumor, head injury, developmental)
Can produce individual sounds but cannot produce them in longer words or sentences
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Speech disorders
Voice disorders: pitch, duration, intensity and vocal qualityFluency disorders:
interruptions in the flow of speaking
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Speech disorders
Stuttering: frequent repetition and/or prolongation of words or sounds
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Speech disordersLanguage development is
complex
Depends on biological preparation, successful nurturance, sensorimotor experiences, and linguistic experiences
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Typical language development
Language development is complex
Depends on biological preparation, successful nurturance, sensorimotor experiences, and linguistic experiences
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Components of language
Syntax: the rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences
Semantics: word and sentence meanings for what is spoken
Pragmatics: social use of language
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Characteristics of language impairments
Language disorders may be receptive, expressive, or both.
Language disorders may be related to another disability or may be a specific
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Characteristics of language impairments
Organic: caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person (hereditary malformations, prenatal injuries,
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Two types of speech and language disorders
toxic disturbances, tumors, traumas, seizures, infectious diseases, muscular diseases)
Functional: those with no identifiable origin
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Characteristics of language impairments
Speech and language disorders can also be classified according to when the disorder began.Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occurs well after birth
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Characteristics of language impairmentsSpeech assessment: speech
pathologist uses a standardized articulation test to measure articulation, voice, and fluency problems.
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Characteristics of language impairmentsVoice evaluations: includes both
quantitative and qualitative measures (interviews and case history)
Fluency assessments: evaluated through a conversation with the student and interview with parents
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Characteristics of language impairments
Three areas to be assessed relative to language interactions in the classroom:The student’s ability to use language effectively by speaking and listening tasks
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How Do You Evaluate Students with Communication Disorders?
The teacher’s languageThe language requirements of the lessons and textbooks
Assessments for students who are bilingual or multilingual
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How Do You Evaluate Students with Communication Disorders?
Evaluation teams need to take a holistic view of the student’s communication skills using ecological assessments.
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How Do You Evaluate Students with Communication Disorders?
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How Do You Assure Progress in the General Curriculum?
Describe how students with communication disorders are supported in the general education curriculum.
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Parkinson’s Disease
Frequently associated with speech disturbance
Affects 50-70% of patientsAn even greater percentage in
advanced stages of disease
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Parkinsonian Speech Impairment
Monotonous pitchSlow rateDecrease in volume
(hypophonia)Symptoms generally worse
when patient is tired or anxious
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Results
80-90% improvement in speech
Impact of treatment is best the day after
Effect of treatment lasts 5-6 days
Speech impairment was one of first symptoms to reappear
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Results
Continues to experience “on-off” fluctuations
Dramatic improvement in cognitive functions
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Discussion:
Stuttering observed in young children
Acquired stuttering is rarely observed in adults
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Adapting to Instruction
Ask varied types of questions to encourage students’ self-expression
Expand student utterances by using modeling more elaborate language
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Adapting to Instruction
Augment or alter classroom language by providing statements that explain a student’s nonverbal behaviors
Allow students opportunity to practice public verbalizations
Keep in mind the need of some students
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
Augmenting InstructionRepetition of the curriculumVisual supports: graphic organizers, photographs, gestures, sign language
Direct instruction in social skills
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
ACC systems are an integrated group of components that supplement the communication abilities of individuals who cannot meet their communication needs through gestures, speaking, and/or writing.
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)An AAC device is a physical
object that transmits or receives messages.
Types of AAC: communication books, communication boards, communication charts, mechanical/electrical voice output, computers, etc.
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Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)Using the AAC devices:
Using eyes to look at the symbolTouching the symbols with
fingersUsing a laser beam attached to
the headScanningEncoding
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Developing a Comprehensive
Postsecondary Assistive
Technology Program
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What is AT?
“As defined in the Assistive Technology act of 1988, AT is any product, device or equipment use to maintain, increase, improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.”
“AT is any form of technology which enables an individual to do something they could not otherwise do.”
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References:
Speech Impairment Chapter14speech impairment
Chapter03_sec2Parkinsons & speechhttp://images.google.com/images
?gbv=2&hl=en&q=assistive+technology+devices&sa=N&start=360&ndsp=18
http://Speech and Language Programs.mht
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Credits:
Dr. Cyrus, Professor, ED443G,for class presentation