communication device for youngsters

2 |PROJECT DOCUMENT Deepak Nair| D J Academy of Design

D J Academy of DesignCoimbatore – Pollachi Highway, Othakkalmandapam (P.O.),Coimbatore – 641 032 (T.N.) IndiaPhone: 0422 – 3094300, 3094444, Fax: 0422 – 3094310,Website: www.djad.in, e-mail: [email protected]

Duration: December 2010 - June 2011

Student: Deepak Sreedharan Nair(UG-0711, 4th year, Industrial design)E-mail: [email protected]

Guide: Prof. Balaram SinganapalliIndustrial Designer,(Dean-D J Academy of Design)E-mail: [email protected]

Project coordinator: Sukumaran SS(Global Director- Design, Olive Telecom pvt. ltd.)

E-mail: [email protected]

Olive Telecommunication Pvt. Ltd. 862 Udyog vihar, Phase 5, Gurgaon - 122016 India

Welcome

Deepak Nair| D J Academy of Design PROJECT DOCUMENT |3

Communication Device for YoungstersDiploma Project Document

D J Academy of Design

Approval

The following document is duly approved by the designated jury as credible work on the chosen subject, carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory for acceptance as diploma project of this Institute.

This approval however does not necessarily endorse any statements, comments or conclusions drawn in.

This is a partial fulfilment for the award of the Undergraduate / Postgraduate level Diploma in Industrial Design.

TITLE OF THE PROJECT: Communication Device for Youngsters

STUDENT : Deepak Sreedharan Nair

GUIDE: Balaram Singanapalli

................................................ Internal JuryName & Signature

Place : CoimbatoreDate : ..................................................

................................................External JuryName & Signature

................................................Dean | Jury ChairmanName & Signature

Coimbatore – Pollachi Highway, Othakkalmandapam (P.O.), Coimbatore 641 032. Phone : 0422-2610333, 2610428 Fax : 0422-2610348

Contents

Introduction................................................................01About the DocumentAbout the CollegeAbout the Company

Initiation Phase...........................................................09Project BriefProject Timeline

Analysis Phase............................................................13History of CommunicationsHistory of TelecommunicationsIntroduction on Mobile PhonesHow does the Mobile Phone system work?How does the Mobile Phone coverage work?

Research Phase...........................................................30Modern History of Human CommunicationsThe 7 forms of Mass MediaInternet UsersBy Age and GenderThe things you do with your phoneMarket Dynamics All ThumbsConsumer - Target AudienceMood Board

Concept Phase............................................................56Initial SketchesHow we think

Finalization Phase.......................................................62 Final conceptsFeedback

The Design..................................................................71

Acknowledgements.....................................................90

References...................................................................92

UNCERTAINTY | PATTERNS | INSIGHTS CLARITY | FOCUS

RESEARCH PROTOTYPECONCEPT DESIGN


As a part of the curriculum the students of 4th year are supposed to take up a 24 week diploma project wherein we are supposed to design a prod-uct or service starting from the scratch, following the design process end to end. This diploma project is marked as the culmination of the students learning.This document contains the entire process that I have followed through out the span of six months at Olive Telecommunications Pvt. ltd, start-ing from the research phase to the final product. The images used and the comparative studies mentioned in this document are solely for edu-cational purpose.

IntroductionAbout the Document


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The GroupDJ Academy of Design belongs to the illustrious GKD charity trust, set up in 1983 by the industrialist par excellence, (Late) Cavalier Dr. G K Devarajulu. His pioneering efforts saw the emergence of Coimbatore on the global industrial map and the LMW Group as a major force to reckon with. The Group comprises a staggering 20 companies with LMW being the flagship brand. D J Academy is carrying on the legacy of Dr. G K Devarajulu in the sphere of education the academy has two wings the D J Academy of Managerial Excellence and D J Academy of Design. It is a remarkable initiative of harnessing the potential of future managers and designers.The senior faculty members who are experienced in teaching at national school of design Ahmedabad (NID) handle most of the courses at D J Academy of Design. Apart from that, practising Design Professionals are also involved in teaching here as visiting faculty.

Djad

D J Academy of Design

About the college


Olive TelecomAbout the company

Olive Telecom is a world class designer and supplier of wireless devices; 2G/3G mobile handsets and smart phones, connected mobile comput-ing devices and advanced data modems. Olive invests in pioneering re-search and human industrial design, with innovation labs in India and China. Olive Telecom has a product portfolio complete across the areas - WCDMA, CDMA, GSM and EV-DO mobile handsets, Mobile Com-puting Devices, Advanced data modems and devices for wireless broad-band. With marketing reach in more than 24 countries, Olive Telecom develops customized products for mobile operators worldwide and sells directly to consumers under its own brand in selected geographies.After the successful launch of many Industry firsts including the Olive-FrvrOn (India’s 1stHybrid Mobile Phone), OliveZipbook (India’s 1st 3G embedded Netbook), OliveWiz (India’s 1st Triple SIM Qwerty Mobile Phone), OliveGenie (India’s 1st 3G Music USB Modem) & OliveNexus (India’s 1st Pocket Router) Olive has brought brings India to the fore-front of convergence technology with the OlivePad V-T100. ). Offering you connectivity, ‘Anytime, Anywhere’! Mobile phones that are created with customization and innovative software bundels also with the Con-vergence devices that bring together the gains of infotainment.The OlivePad offers Smartphone options, Live TV, Cameras, eBook reader, Browsing, Social Networking, Complete Multi-media, Android Marketplace for access to over 100k Apps and the Map My India appli-cation. On 8,October 2010 Olive Telecom was awarded the CXO Best Innovation of the year Award 2010 for India’s first tablet PC, the 3.5 G OlivePad.

Headquartered in India, with established presence in the World’s fastest growing tele-com market as well as in 2 other countries


Olive TelecomCompany Background

The genesis of Olive Telecom lies in the group’s core belief of providing high quality convergence devices that not only offer affordability to cus-tomers worldwide but also provide them with technology that is future ready.Olive Telecom today is probably one of the few Indian companies’ that have an intense relationship with over 28 leading mobile service opera-tors; working with cutting edge devices to improve their bottom-lines.Olive Telecom currently has its own two Design Houses in India focus-ing on Industrial Design and ICT/Convergence products. The company also has two Design Houses and R&D facilities in Nanjing and Shanghai in China for the mobile computing and telephony products.Olive Telecom has a product portfolio complete across the areas - WCD-MA, CDMA, GSM and EV-DO handsets and smart-phones, Mobile Computing Devices, Advanced data modems for wireless broadband. A strategic partnership with technology leader Qualcomm, has also brought about recognition for the company’s thrust in search of new in-novative design and technology for the connecting world.In 2006, the holding company entered into a joint venture with the $20 billion Haier Group, to form Haier Telecom India, with a mandate of cre-ating leadership for the Haier brand in the CDMA handset segment.Haier Mobile today is the preferred brand of many Indian and inter-national mobile service operators and occupies the prestigious second place in the in India.Haier Telecom (India) Private Limited, a Joint Venture owned by Olive and Haier China, was awarded the “Fastest Growing Brand” award from Qualcomm at their Partner Meet at Oberoi Hotel, Delhi.

Olive Telecom is Headquar-tered in Gurgaon, India and is a privately held leading Convergence Solutions Device Developer with presence in mobile phones, laptops, netbooks, Tablets, mobile computing, wireless broadband and convergence devices.


Initiation phaseProject Brief

Design a communication device for youngsters. The Design should grab attention among the target group. This includes aesthetic and ergo-nomic modifications bearing in mind the functional requirements and manufacturing. The phone operating system is based on Android.


Project TimelineTime-line in weeks

TIMELINE in weeks Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Initiation Phase 1 17/01/2011 22/01/2011 presentation of the design briefing - The scope of the product discussion presentation BUFFER

Analysis Phase - phase Iresearch and optimization of the project within

2 24/01/2011 29/01/2011 Maketing 3 31/01/2011 2/2/2011 Technology and manufacturing process presentation BUFFER

Planning constraints Analysis of the competitive environment

Phase II3 3/2/2011 5/2/2011 Trend Research4 7/2/2011 12/2/2011 User behaviour and mindset 5 14/02/2011 19/02/2011 Consumer insights REVIEW AT COLLEGE6 21/02/2011 26/02/2011 Benchmarking activities 7 28/02/2011 5/3/2011 Analysis presentation 8 7/3/2011 12/3/2011

Concept Phase 9 14/03/2011 19/03/2011 Brainstroming BUFFER BUFFER

10 21/03/2011 26/03/2011 Initial Sketches 11 28/03/2011 2/4/2011

12 4/4/2011 9/4/2011

13 11/4/2011 16/04/2011 HOLIDAY finalisation BUFFER BUFFER

14 18/04/2011 23/04/2011 CAD Modelling HOLIDAY

15 25/04/2011 30/04/2011 Foam modelling to reveal propotions16 2/5/2011 7/5/2011 Prototype17 9/5/2011 14/05/2011 Internal Review

Finalisation Phase 18 16/05/2011 21/05/2011 Detail Drawing 19 21/05/2011 28/05/201120 30/05/2011 4/6/2011 Mass manufacturing 21 6/6/2011 11/6/2011 Documentation REVIEW AT COLLEGE

22 13/06/2011 18/06/2011

23 20/06/2011 Evaluation Phase


TIMELINE in weeks Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Initiation Phase 1 17/01/2011 22/01/2011 presentation of the design briefing - The scope of the product discussion presentation BUFFER

Analysis Phase - phase Iresearch and optimization of the project within

2 24/01/2011 29/01/2011 Maketing 3 31/01/2011 2/2/2011 Technology and manufacturing process presentation BUFFER

Planning constraints Analysis of the competitive environment

Phase II3 3/2/2011 5/2/2011 Trend Research4 7/2/2011 12/2/2011 User behaviour and mindset 5 14/02/2011 19/02/2011 Consumer insights REVIEW AT COLLEGE6 21/02/2011 26/02/2011 Benchmarking activities 7 28/02/2011 5/3/2011 Analysis presentation 8 7/3/2011 12/3/2011

Concept Phase 9 14/03/2011 19/03/2011 Brainstroming BUFFER BUFFER

10 21/03/2011 26/03/2011 Initial Sketches 11 28/03/2011 2/4/2011

12 4/4/2011 9/4/2011

13 11/4/2011 16/04/2011 HOLIDAY finalisation BUFFER BUFFER

14 18/04/2011 23/04/2011 CAD Modelling HOLIDAY

15 25/04/2011 30/04/2011 Foam modelling to reveal propotions16 2/5/2011 7/5/2011 Prototype17 9/5/2011 14/05/2011 Internal Review

Finalisation Phase 18 16/05/2011 21/05/2011 Detail Drawing 19 21/05/2011 28/05/201120 30/05/2011 4/6/2011 Mass manufacturing 21 6/6/2011 11/6/2011 Documentation REVIEW AT COLLEGE

22 13/06/2011 18/06/2011

23 20/06/2011 Evaluation Phase


History of CommunicationIntroduction

The history of communication dates back to prehistory. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech perhaps 2,00,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing about 7,000. On a much shorter scale, there have been major developments in the field of telecommunication in the past few centuries.


Petroglyphs from Häljesta, Sweden. Nordic Bronze Age.The next step in the history of communications is petroglyphs, carvings into an rock surface. It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to move from the first cave paintings to the first petroglyphs, which are dated to around 10,000BC.It is possible that the humans of that time used some other forms of communication, often for mnemonic purposes - spe-cially arranged stones, symbols carved in wood or earth, quipu-like ropes, tattoos, but little other than the most durable carved stones has survived to modern times and we can only speculate about their existence based on our observation of still existing ‘hunter-gatherer’ cultures such as those of Africa or Oceania.

The imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, im-proving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the information. All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a concept.

The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of com-munication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art, dating to the Upper Paleolithic. Just as the small child first learns to draw before it masters more complex forms of communication, so homo sapiens' first attempts at passing information through time took the form of paintings. The old-est known cave painting is that of the Chauvet Cave, dating to around 30,000 BC. Though not well standardized, those paint-ings contained increasing amounts of information: Cro-Mag-non people may have created the first calendar as far back as 15,000 years ago.

SYMBOLS

CAVE PAINTINGS

PETROGLYPHS

History of CommunicationBased on the information available from wikipedia.


PICTOGRAM

IDEOGRAMS

WRITING

Pictograph from 1510 telling a story of coming of missionaries to Hispaniola. A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. Pictographs were the next step in the evolution of com-munication: the most important difference between petroglyph and pictogram is that petroglyph are simply showing an event, but pictogram are telling a story about the event, thus they can for ex-ample be ordered in chronological order. Pictogram were used by various ancient cultures all over the world since around 9000 BC, when tokens marked with simple pictures began to be used to la-bel basic farm produce, and become increasingly popular around 6000-5000 BC. They were the basis of cuneiform and hieroglyphs, and began to develop into logo-graphic writing systems around 5000 BC

The beginning of the Lord’s Prayer in Míkmaq hieroglyphic writ-ing. The text reads Nujjinen wásóq – “Our father / in heaven” Pic-tograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form: therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like ‘heat’, ‘light’, ‘day’ or ‘Great God of the Sun’. Ideograms, on the other hand, could con-vey more abstract concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only ‘legs’ but also a verb ‘to walk’.

The oldest-known forms of writing were primarily logographic in nature, based on pictographic and ideographic elements. Most writing systems can be broadly divided into three categories: logo-graphic, syllabic and alphabetic (or segmental); however, all three may be found in any given writing system in varying proportions, often making it difficult to categorise a system uniquely.The invention of the first writing systems is roughly contemporary with the beginning of the Bronze Age in the late Neolithic of the late 4th millennium BC. The first writing system is generally believed to have been invented in pre-historic Sumer and developed by the late 3rd millennium into cuneiform. Egyptian hieroglyphs, and the un-deciphered Proto-Elamite writing system and Indus Valley script also date to this era, though a few scholars have questioned the In-dus Valley script’s status as a writing system.


A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclo-paedia. The first pure alphabets (properly, “abjads”, mapping single symbols to single phonemes, but not necessarily each phoneme to a symbol) emerged around 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt, but by then alphabetic principles had already been incorporated into Egyptian hieroglyphs for a millennium.By 2700 BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 22 hieroglyphs to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel (or no vowel) to be supplied by the native speaker. These glyphs were used as pronunciation guides for logograms, to write grammatical inflections, and, later, to transcribe loan words and foreign names.However, although seemingly alphabetic in nature, the original Egyptian uniliterals were not a system and were never used by themselves to encode Egyptian speech. In the Middle Bronze Age an appar-ently “alphabetic” system is thought by some to have been developed in central Egypt around 1700 BC for or by Semitic workers, but we cannot read these early writings and their exact nature remain open to interpretation. Over the next five centuries this Semitic “alphabet” (really a syllabary like Phoeni-cian writing) seems to have spread north. All subsequent alphabets around the world with the sole exception of Korean Hangul have either descended from it, or been inspired by one of its descendants


History of TelecommunicationIntroduction

The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia. In the 1790th, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe; however it was not until the 1830th that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear. This article details the history of telecommunication and the individuals who helped make telecommunication systems what they are today. The history of telecommunication is an important part of the larger history of communication.


Early telecommunicationsEarly telecommunications included smoke signals and drums. Drums were used by natives in Africa, New Guinea and South America, and smoke signals in North America and China. Contrary to what one might think, these systems were often used to do more than merely announce the presence of a camp.In 1792, a French engineer, Claude Chappe built the first visual telegraphy (or sem-aphore) system between Lille and Paris. This was followed by a line from Stras-bourg to Paris. In 1794, a Swedish engineer, Abraham Edelcrantz built a quite dif-ferent system from Stockholm to Drottningholm. As opposed to Chappe’s system which involved pulleys rotating beams of wood, Edelcrantz’s system relied only upon shutters and was therefore faster. However semaphore as a communication system suffered from the need for skilled operators and expensive towers often at intervals of only ten to thirty kilometres (six to nineteen miles). As a result, the last commercial line was abandoned in 1880.

Telegraph and telephoneA very early experiment in electrical telegraphy was an ‘electrochemical’ telegraph created by the German physician, anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von Sömmering in 1809, based on an earlier, less robust design of 1804 by Catalan polymath and scientist Francisco Salvá i Campillo. Both their designs employed multiple wires (up to 35) in order to visually represent almost all Latin letters and numerals. Thus, messages could be conveyed electrically up to a few kilometers (in von Sömmering’s design), with each of the telegraph receiver’s wires immersed in a separate glass tube of acid. An electrical current was sequentially applied by the sender through the various wires representing each digit of a message; at the recipient’s end the currents electrolysed the acid in the tubes in sequence, releas-ing streams of hydrogen bubbles next to each associated letter or numeral. The telegraph receiver’s operator would visually observe the bubbles and could then record the transmitted message, albeit at a very low baud rate. The principal dis-advantage to the system was its prohibitive cost, due to having to manufacture and string-up the multiple wire circuits it employed, as opposed to the single wire (with ground return) used by later telegraphs.The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in England by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke. It used the deflection of needles to represent messages and started operating over twenty-one kilometres (thirteen miles) of the Great Western Railway on 9 April 1839. Both Wheatstone and Cooke viewed their device as “an improvement to the [existing] electromag-netic telegraph” not as a new device.On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Samuel Morse independently developed a version of the electrical telegraph that he unsuccessfully demonstrated on 2 Sep-tember 1837. Soon after he was joined by Alfred Vail who developed the register — a telegraph terminal that integrated a logging device for recording messages to paper tape. This was demonstrated successfully over three miles (five kilometres) on 6 January 1838 and eventually over forty miles (sixty-four kilometres) between


Washington, DC and Baltimore on 24 May 1844. The patented invention proved lucrative and by 1851 telegraph lines in the United States spanned over 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometres).The first successful transatlantic telegraph cable was completed on 27 July 1866, allowing transatlantic telecommunication for the first time. Earlier transatlan-tic cables installed in 1857 and 1858 only operated for a few days or weeks before they failed. The international use of the telegraph has sometimes been dubbed the “Victorian Internet”.The conventional telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, based on his earlier work with harmonic (multi-signal) telegraphs. The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven and London. Bell held the master patent for the telephone that was needed for such services in both countries. The technology grew quickly from this point, with inter-city lines being built and telephone exchanges in every major city of the United States by the mid-1880s. Despite this, transatlantic voice communication remained impossible for customers until January 7, 1927 when a connection was established using radio. However no cable connection existed un-til TAT-1 was inaugurated on September 25, 1956 providing 36 telephone circuits.In 1880, Bell and co-inventor Charles Sumner Tainter conducted the world’s first wireless telephone call via modulated lightbeams projected by photophones. The scientific principles of their invention would not be utilized for several decades, when they were first deployed in military and fiber-optic communications.

Radio and televisionIn 1832, James Lindsay gave a classroom demonstration of wireless telegraphy to his students. By 1854, he was able to demonstrate a transmission across the Firth of Tay from Dundee to Woodhaven, a distance of two miles (3 km), using water as the transmission medium. Addressing the Franklin Institute in 1893, Nikola Tesla described and demonstrated in detail the principles of wireless telegraphy. The apparatus that he used contained all the elements that were incorporated into radio systems before the development of the vacuum tube. However it was not until 1900 that Reginald Fessenden was able to wirelessly transmit a human voice. In December 1901, Guglielmo Marconi established wireless communication be-tween Britain and Newfoundland, earning him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1909 (which he shared with Karl Braun).On March 25, 1925, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird publicly demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette pictures at the London department store Selfridges. In October 1925, Baird was successful in obtaining moving pictures with halftone shades, which were by most accounts the first true television pic-tures. This led to a public demonstration of the improved device on 26 January 1926 again at Selfridges. Baird’s first devices relied upon the Nipkow disk and thus became known as the mechanical television. It formed the basis of semi-experi-mental broadcasts done by the British Broadcasting Corporation beginning Sep-tember 30, 1929.


Computer networks and the InternetOn September 11, 1940, George Stibitz was able to transmit problems using tele-type to his Complex Number Calculator in New York and receive the computed re-sults back at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. This configuration of a cen-tralized computer or mainframe with remote dumb terminals remained popular throughout the 1950s. However it was not until the 1960s that researchers started to investigate packet switching — a technology that would allow chunks of data to be sent to different computers without first passing through a centralized main-frame. A four-node network emerged on December 5, 1969 between the Univer-sity of California, Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of Utah and the University of California, Santa Barbara. This network would become ARPANET, which by 1981 would consist of 213 nodes. In June 1973, the first non-US node was added to the network belonging to Norway’s NORSAR project. This was shortly followed by a node in London.ARPANET’s development centred around the Request for Comment process and on April 7, 1969, RFC 1 was published. This process is important because AR-PANET would eventually merge with other networks to form the Internet and many of the protocols the Internet relies upon today were specified through this process. In September 1981, RFC 791 introduced the Internet Protocol v4 (IPv4) and RFC 793 introduced the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) — thus creating the TCP/IP protocol that much of the Internet relies upon today. A more relaxed transport protocol that, unlike TCP, did not guarantee the orderly delivery of pack-ets called the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) was submitted on 28 August 1980 as RFC 768. An e-mail protocol, SMTP, was introduced in August 1982 by RFC 821 and http://1.0 a protocol that would make the hyperlinked Internet possible was introduced on May 1996 by RFC 1945.However not all important developments were made through the Request for Comment process. Two popular link protocols for local area networks (LANs) also appeared in the 1970s. A patent for the Token Ring protocol was filed by Olof Söderblom on October 29, 1974.And a paper on the Ethernet protocol was pub-lished by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs in the July 1976 issue of Communica-tions of the ACM. Internet access became widespread late in the century, using the old telephone and television networks

However for most of the twentieth century televisions depended upon the cath-ode ray tube invented by Karl Braun. The first version of such a television to show promise was produced by Philo Farnsworth and crude silhouette images were demonstrated to his family on September 7, 1927. Farnsworth’s device would compete with the concurrent work of Kalman Tihanyi and Vladimir Zworykin. Zworykin’s camera, based on Tihanyi’s Radioskop, which later would be known as the Iconoscope, had the backing of the influential Radio Corporation of America (RCA). In the United States, court action between Farnsworth and RCA would re-solve in Farnsworth’s favour. John Logie Baird switched from mechanical televi-sion and became a pioneer of colour television using cathode-ray tubes.

A mobile phone can make and receive telephone calls from the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line phones across the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network pro-vided by a mobile network operator.In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, e-mail, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kg. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. In the twenty years from 1990 to 2010, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 4.6 billion, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.

Mobile Phones

A mobile phone or cell phone is an electronic device used to make mobile telephone calls across a wide geographic area, served by many public cells, allowing the user to be mobile.

Introduction


Cell phones are radio devices - they communicate by transmitting and receiving voice over an area.

First a cell phone radios the nearest tower or site. When you make a call or turn your phone on, your phone sends a message via radio that’s picked up by the tower’s antennas.

The call (along with many others) gets routed to a back-haul. Usually down to an underground wired T1 or T3 line, but sometimes back up the mast to a power-ful line-of-sight wireless microwave antenna (typically only used either when there isn’t a ground connection, or when the ground connection is poor).

Next,a wire or fiber-optic line carries the call down to the wireless access point, connected to a multi-port switch.

The incoming call or data comes back from the back haul and up through the switch to the antenna, where it then hits your phone (presuming your phone is still communi-cating with the same site). If you are moving then there’s a handoff - a new but more or less identical cell site trans-mits the data to your phone, once your phone checks in.

1

3

2

4

Microwave (Wireless Backhaul)

T1 or T3(Wired Backhaul)

Wireless Acess Point

Wireless Acess Point


Mobile PhonesHow Does The Mobile Phone System Work?

Mobile phones are sophisticated two-way radios that use radio frequen-cy (RF) signals to transmit and receive voice and data. When you make or receive a call, your mobile phone communicates with a network of low powered radio transceivers called base stations. Each base station covers a small geographic area, referred to as a “cell”, and cells are interlinked to create the cellular network. A typical base station is made up of anten-nas and transmission dishes that are connected to an equipment cabin by electrical cable. The base station is responsible for collecting phone signals and passing them on again.A mobile phone may communicate with several different base stations during a single call which makes it possible for you to continue your call while on the move. When a call is established, both the mobile phone and the base station adjust to the minimum power level required to maintain a quality call. This “adaptive power control” makes the mobile phone system one of the most efficient communications systems avail-able today.The base station network is linked to the public telephone network so that mobile phone calls can be made to other networks, cities and coun-tries around the world. Often, transmission dishes can be observed on base station facilities. These dishes are used to link one cell to the next. Transmission dishes send a narrow microwave beam overhead, directly linking with a neigh-bouring dish at a nearby telecommunications facility. This beam does not disperse onto the ground below and simply replaces the cables used in ground telephone systems. Mobile phone base station antennas are designed to cater for a limited capacity of simultaneous calls. A typical base station can accommodate approximately 40-60 simultaneous voice and data signals.When the call demand exceeds base station capacity, the mobile phone signal is transferred to the nearest available base station. If the distance to the next base station is too far, or this station is also fully loaded, a temporary connection error would occur. If you’ve ever had problems connecting to the network, it is possible the base stations in your area were fully loaded at the time. With increased demand for mobile com-munications, additional base stations are required.


Dead SpotsBecause cell phones rely on radio waves, geographic factors can affect signal strength, including:

Where reception breaks downIdeally, hexagonal cell sites in the grid would cover 100% of the city, but cell sites are in circular range and small can occur between towers

Where reception breaks downIdeally, hexagonal cell sites in the grid would cover 100% of the city, but cell sites are in circular range and small can occur between towers

Small gaps

Overlapping of signals


To maintain the efficiency, cell ideally provide reception up to the edge of the next cell site. This causes signal strength to noticeably fade the farther a user strays from the tower. More users requires more towers to be placed and less signal strength is used to cover a smaller area. The weaker signals will not be able to penetrate buildings as deep. Cell phone manufacturers will also often sacrifice transmission power for battery life, compounding reception problems.

Coverage SystemHow Does The Mobile Phone coverage works?

Low-density area with fewer towers (emitting stronger signals.)

High-density area with more towers (emitting weaker signals.)


Research Phase:The following pages of the Document contains images ob-tained from the sources mentioned below those images. These info graphics were been found relevant to the project.


A modern history of human communications


Cell Phones: The 7th Mass MediaMobile is the newest and least understood form of the mass media, with as much influential power as print, television, or the Internet.


Source: www.epa.gov|www.esu-services.ch|www.usgs.gov - based on the data published on www.gsmarena.com| Year 2010


By Age and Gender98 respondents across 4 cities

Under 18One of every 8 users under the age of 18 rarely talks on their phone.Teenagers make optimum use of their camera The most frequent used feature of the mobile is the music play-er among youngsters.The least used feature is e-mail

18-24

Half of those who are aged 18-24 use an IM service daily.Podcasts are mostly ignored by this age group. Exploring new places is something people aged 18-24 do quite often.

41-50If you are in this group, you probably know the songs since you hardly use song recognition. The organiser however is one if the most popular feature in this age group.

25-32

Over 60% of users above 25 years use IM daily.the applications of map and navigation is the most commonly used features in this age group. another feature used on day to bases is the alarm clock

33-41

Nearly 90% of the people in this group make calls on a daily basis.They also send or receive the e-mail constantly.


Women

Four out of five women text daily. While another 17.3% do it too, only less regularly.Women use the special camera shooting modes (panorama, HDR etc.) Way more than men.

MaleWatching videos is more popular active amongst men Men take way more photos and videos than women. Men use digital maps and SatNav on their phones much more frequently than women.

50+

Only one in four users engages in social networking through their handset daily. Majority of this age group use their camera once a week Audio books and mobile movie watching are not very popular amongst this age group


The Infographics displaced here are from www.gsmarena.com.


Market Dynamics -Sony EricssonAnalysis of the competitive environment

Brand ValuesOur vision is to become the communication entertainment brand. We want to inspire you to do more than just communicate. We want to en-able you to create and participate in entertainment experiences. Expe-riences that blur the lines between communication and entertainment.


Market Dynamics -Nokia

Nokia Brand Values“We are at our most innovative when we tap into people’s desire to live their dreams, releasing the courage to make the leap into the future through new and improved ways and through better understanding the world around us.”

Analysis of the competitive environment


Market Dynamics -Blackberry

“We are the Blackberry Boys” goes the latest Vodafone-Blackberry ad-vertisement. It starts with the image of a few suit-clad men claiming to be cool because they use BlackBerry. But soon a bunch of youngsters join the gang and start singing about chatting and surfing.The new campaign called ‘Not just the office guys’ talks about how the mobile device is now a favourite with youngsters who use it for Black-Berry messenger (which is at the centre of the controversy) and social networking.The campaign also seeks to break Blackberry’s only-for-the-corporate image and targets the youth who is known for heavy data usage.

Analysis of the competitive environment


Other Mobile Companies In India

CAPLIGHT

Airfone

Acer Phones

Airnet

Ajanta Mobile

Airphone

[AROMA Mobiles]

Apple Inc.

Blackberry

Bleu

Beetel

BPL Group (BPL)

Byond tech

Color mobile

celkon

Daya

Dell

Digibee Mobiles

eTouch

Fujezone

Fly

Fortune

S.p.Singh mobile

GEEPEE Mobiles

gfone

G-Five

Haier

Hansum Mobiles

Hi-Tech

htc

ICube

Intex

Ion

iNQ

Karbonn Mobiles

Lava Mobiles

Lemon

Lexus

LG

Logitec

Magicon

Maxwood Mobiles

Maxx

Melbon

Micromax Mobile

Motorola

Movil

Munoth Mobiles

Nokia

Nelson

Olive

Onida

Orion Mobiles

Orpat

pagaria

Philips

Philiray

Quantum

Rage

Ray

Sagem

Samsung

San Mobile

Sansui

Siemens

Simoco

Sony Ericsson

Spice Telecom

Technotouch

T-Series

Ultra Mobile

UNITEL

Usha-Lexus

Vodafone

Videocon

Voice

VOX

Winncom

Xcite

Zen Mobiles

Rk mobile

ViP Mobile

Rahul

CAPLIGHT

Wyncomm

Alcatel

Spice


All ThumbsThe ergonomic implications of text messaging

People are on the move, and they want their information to move with them. They’re sending short text messages from one handheld device to another to keep them—and their businesses or social relationships—moving.Making information move fast is the premise behind Short Message Ser-vice (SMS), the transmission of text messages to and from a personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, fax machine, or Internet protocol address. The speed of text messaging is one reason why it’s becoming so popular with business people because it lets them respond to colleagues and customers at lightning speed across multiple time zones.Ergonomists warn, however, that thumb typing lots of text messages on a tiny keyboard can put people at risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Overuse of the thumbs among children text messaging and playing video games has already prompted the American Society of Hand Therapists to issue a national alert. WebMD recently noted that some people can get up to 40 words-perminute out of their thumbs when sending text messages on wireless devices but they’re increasingly re-porting pain and discomfort as a result. Text messaging, as with any tool, will require a balance between using it to further business goals and us-ing it wisely to avoid potential health risks.

Communication under the thumbsThe more portable the devices people use to communicate—cellphones, PDAs, handheld computers—the more mobile these people can be. In a development not unlike Moore’s Law, in which the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits doubles every 18 months, the size of these devices goes from small to smaller every few years in response to the continuing pressure for portability. SMS, which relies on a handheld device to send and receive text messages, gets an A+ for portability. However, inputting text messages requires holding the device like a video-game control and using the thumbs to tap out words on a keyboard that’s usually a cross between a cell-phone keypad and a QWERTY keyboard. Messages can’t be longer than 160 alphanumeric characters and can’t contain images or graphics. (The close cousin of SMS, instant messaging is essentially a private chat room that lets indi-viduals send text messages in real time over the Internet. It is less port-able but easier on the thumbs since IM texters usually type on a laptop’s fullsize keyboard.)However, people’s thumbs haven’t been shrinking, although many early adopters of SMS messaging have had the advantage of smaller finger-tips. According to a study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, the most likely cell-phone texters belong to Generation Y (ages 18 to 27). Initially intended to be a paging system, texting caught on first with stu-dents in Sweden (who found it was a highly efficient way to pass notes in class) and later with teenagers in Europe and Asia (who used texting as


a cheap, fast, discreet way to stay in touch with their friends).Speed is one reason why text messaging has taken off so dramatically since the first message was sent in 1992. By 2004, the number of text messages sent worldwide reached 960 billion.Experts predict that number will reach 1.36 trillion in 2005. Many of them will be business people. Several factors, including the merging of cell-phone technology with traditional PDA capabilities, have fueled the shift in the demographic profile of the typical texter to one who’s older and who com-municates as much for work as for fun. SMS for business purposes began in Europe and worked its way into Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and the United States, where it is gaining momentum. Ac-cording to the research and analysis company Gartner Group, 80 percent of mobile workers (defined as telecommuters, multi-site and non-office workers, and frequent business travelers) will use wire-less e-mail to send text messages by 2008. This remote access is rapidly becoming essential to busi-nesses.


Consumer|Target Audience


Mood Board


Concept StageInitial Sketches


Playful

Beautiful

Energetic

Optimistic

Enviroment

Playful

Beautiful

Energetic

Optimistic

Enviroment

How we think The Company Product Language


BeautifulBeauty is one of the most influential fac-tors in our design. Optimistic

We view every project with total opti-mism.Our approach everything with a communicable spirit.

EnergeticWe believe in the present. We approach everything with energy, enthusiasm and-bring out the spirit of challenges

PlayfulAt the end of the day we are an entertain-ment comany. We belive in being playful witty enjoy our projects and ensure the users feel the same .

EnvironmentBeing concern about our environment.we belive in creating sustainable prod-ucts with a longer life cycle.


Final Concepts Initial Renders

The following concept were short-listed on the basis of the company product language.


Concept -01


Concept -02


Concept -03


Concept -04


Concept -05


Feedback

Internally referred as C-03 and C-05, the concept 03 and 05 were pre-ferred for further development. C-03 was found to be not feasible with the current stacking dimensions available with the company, moreover its form is more feminine and hence it can be considered for female audi-ence in the future. C-05 has been taken forward for engineering and analysis phase and would be taken forward for production after analysing the feasibility.


Final DesignThe dimension and the materials specified of the product cannot be revealed until the product launch according to the company rules.


Stacking


The stacking dimensions and/ or the part number cannot be revealed according to the company policy. The colour as shown are not part of the standard equipment.


1 2

4

5

6

3


Phone Front Panel

1 Notification LEDThis LED shows a:Solid green light when the phone is connected to the power adapter or a computer and the battery is fully charged.Flashing green light when you have a pending notification.Solid red light when the battery is being charged.Flashing red light when the battery level reaches very low.

2 EarpieceListen to a phone call from here.

3 Front Facing CameraPeople have been dreaming about video calling for decades. The phone makes it a reality. With the tap of a button, you can wave hello to your friends, share a smile from across the globe, or watch your best friend laugh at your stories

4 ScreenExperience Liquid Graphics technology touch screen. Enjoy instant response times, fluid animations and a stunning display.

5 KeypadThe SEMI QWERTY keypad makes typing faster and convenient.

6 Microphone


3

2

1

4

5 6

7


Phone Top, Bottom and Back Panel

1 PowerWhen the phone is off, press to turn on the phone.When the phone is on and the screen is unlocked, press to turn off or on the phone display.With the screen unlocked, press and hold to open the phone options menu that lets you turn offThe phone, switch your phone to silent mode, vibration mode, or air plane mode, and turn on/off the data connection.

2 Speaker

3 Camera -5 megapixel

4 Bottom Cover

5 USB connectorConnect the power adapter to charge the battery.Connect the supplied USB cable to transfer files to your phone from your computer or sync your phone with OLIVE sync on your computer.

6 3.5mm audio jackConnect a 3.5 mm stereo headset for hands-free conversation or for lis-tening to music.

7 Volume UP and DOWNVOLUME UPWhile on a call, press to increase earpiece volume.While not on a call, press to increase the ringer volume.While watching videos or listening to the FM radio, press to increase the volume.

VOLUME DOWNWhile on a call, press to decrease earpiece volume.While not on a call, press to decrease the ringer volume.While watching videos or listening to the FM radio, press to decrease the volume.


You will find the following inside the box:

PhoneUSB cableAC adapter3.5mm stereo headsetBatterymicroSD cardQuick start guide


CPU speed 600 MHzPlatform Android™ 2.2 with OLIVE Sense™Memory ROM: 512 MBRAM: 384 MBDimensions (LxWxT) 114 X 60 X 14 mm Weight 126 grams with battery

2.2-inch Liquid Graphics technology enabled touch-sensitive screen with 320 X 480 HVGA resolution

Network HSPA/WCDMA: Europe/Asia: 900/2100 MHz Upload speed of up to 2 Mbps and download speed of up to 7.2 Mbps Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE: 850/900/1800/1900 MHz

(Band frequency, HSPA availability, and data speed are operator depend-ent.)

Sensors: Digital compassProximity sensorAmbient light sensor

Connectivity Bluetooth® 2.1 with FTP/OPP for file transfer, A2DP for wireless stereoheadsets, and PBAP for phonebook access from the car kitWi-Fi®: IEEE 802.11 b/g3.5 mm stereo audio jackStandard micro-USB (5-pin micro-USB 2.0)

Camera 5 megapixel color camera with auto focusAudio supported formats Playback: .aac, .amr, .ogg, .m4a, .mid, .mp3, .wav, .wmv Recording: .amrVideo supported formats Playback: .3gp, .3g2, .mp4, .wmv Recording: .3gpBattery Rechargeable Lithium-ion polymer or Lithium-ion battery Capacity: 1300 mAhTalk time Up to 440 minutes for WCDMA

Up to 490 minutes for GSMStandby time: Up to 560 hours for WCDMAUp to 440 hours for GSM(The above are subject to network and phone usage.)

Expansion slot microSD™ memory card (SD 2.0 compatible)AC adapter Voltage range/frequency: 100 ~ 240V AC, 50/60 Hz

DC output: 5V and 1ASpecial features Friend Stream

Specifications

Display

Specifications are subject to change without prior notice.


Olive Telecommunications

DJAD

Supidto Junior CAD Engineer

Adhish Senior Animator

SwethaJunior ProductDesigner

NachiketaSenior ProductDesigner

JaikishanDesign Intern

Myself RanadeepSenior CAD Engineer

Balaram SinganapalliIndustrial DesignerDean at D J Academy of Design

SukumaranDesign Director


Acknowledgements

At Olive TelecommunicationsI would like to thank Mr. Adhish Duggal, Mr. Nachiketa Charkhwal for their guidance on the project and also for the impact they created in my design life.Mr. Ranadeep Chowdary for his expertise in Pro-E and the entire staff from the Olive Telecom team for their help and support throughout the project. Mr. Sukumaran S.S, Global Design Director for giving me the opportu-nity, for keeping faith and closely following progress and for all the free-dom.

At D J Academy of DesignA special thanks to Professor S.Balaram for his guidance and help from time to time that helped me in shaping up the project.

Friends and entire DJAD family.


References

Less And More: The Design Ethos Of Dieter Rams-by Keiko Ueki-polet (Editor), Klaus Klemp (Editor)Publisher: Die Gestalten Verlag; Bilingual edition (February 15, 2010)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 3899552776ISBN-13: 978-3899552775

Device Upgrades And The Mobile Consumer-by Philip SugaiISBN-10: 3838314999ISBN-13: 978-3-8383-1499-0

Do Good Design-by David B. BermanPublication Date: December 18, 2008 | Edition: 1ISBN-10: 032157320X ISBN-13: 978-0321573209

Indian Antropometric Dimensions-by Debkumar ChakrabarthiPublication Date: 1998ISBN 81-861-15-0

Excerpted from Strategic Mobile Design:Creating Engaging Experiences-by Joseph Cartman and Richard Ting.

Report on Mobile VAS in India 2010

Children’s Use of Mobile Phones and Personal Relationships-An International Comparison 2010 Do Good Design

How Teens Use the Media-Neilsen Report 2009

Indian Antropometric Dimensions-by Debkumar Chakrabarthi

Mobile phone usage patterns amongst university students- A comparative study between India and USA by Sayan Chakraborty.


Atlas of Plastics Additives-by Dietrich O. Hummel

Handbook of Plastics Technologies-by Charles Harper

Mobile Phone Use by Young Adults in India- A Case Study by Priyanka Matanhelia

Mobile Youth around the World-Nielsen Report 2010

Websites:www.concept-phones.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

www.gsmarena.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

www.flickr.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

www.ides.com(Search Engine for Plastics) -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011 www.sonyericsson.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

www.wikipedia.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

www.historychannel.com -Accessed from January 2011 to May 2011

communication device for youngsters

Documents

deand j academy of designe

research phase

companyinitiation phase

thinkfinalization phase

deepak sreedharan nair

mobile phone system

mobile phone coverage

communication device