communication derived from the latin word ‘communicare’- to...
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COMMUNICATION
Derived from the Latin word ‘communicare’- to share,exchange,transmit,talk,gesture,write,put in use,relate.
Communication in its simplest form is conveying of information from one person to another – Hudson
Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas,opinions or emotions by two or more persons.- George Terry
Imp characteristics of communication:
Always happens between or among two or more parties.
Involves an exchange Uses verbal ways or nonverbal ways Mutuality of understanding between sender and
receiver Is a two way process
Importance of communication:
At individual level
At organization level
Why communication has gained importance:
Global business environment Large scale operations Technological advancement Role of information Change in management style Need for better human relations and higher motivation
level Increasing social role
Types of communication:
Verbal communication
1. Oral
2. Written Non verbal communication
1. Body language
2. Gestures, posture, eye contact, etc.
Oral communication :
Advantages: Speed Able to get personal attention Instantaneous feedback Personal quality Confidentiality Supplemented by Non verbal cues
Oral communication :
Limitations:
1. No evidence
2. Not suitable in certain cases
3. Expensive and time consuming
4. Not appropriate in controversial matters
5. Prone to physical noise
Written :
Advantages:1. Is permanent2. Can be easier to understand3. Can be composed in advance4. Are less prone to errors5. Works best as evidence6. Can address more persons at same time7. Lasting impact8. Less physical noise
Written :
Limitations:
1. Time consuming
2. Different interpretations
3. No non verbal clues
4. Lack of confidentiality
5. Capability of greater damage
6. Certain messages cant be put in writing
Non verbal communication:
Body language (Kinesics)
1. Facial expressions
2. Eye contact
3. Posture
4. Gestures
5. Touch
6. Silence
Non verbal communication:
Sign language – Symbols
1. Visual symbols
2. Audio symbols
Non verbal communication:
Paralanguage:
1. Pitch variations
2. Volume
3. Speed and Pause
4. Stress on words
5. Non- Fluencies
Non verbal communication:
Circumstantial language:
1. Space language (Proxemics)
2. Surroundings
3. Time
Channels of communication:
Formal comm. network:
Advantages:
1. Satisfy information needs of org.
2. Integrates the org.
3. Coordination and control
4. Sorts the information for top level
5. Reliability and accuracy
Channels of communication:
Formal comm. network:
Limitations:
1. Time consuming and expensive
2. Information may get distorted
3. Creates gaps between top executives and lower subordinates
Channels of communication:
Informal comm. network:
Types :
1. Grapevine
2. Social gatherings
3. Management By walking around
4. Secretaries/administrative assistants
Channels of communication:
Informal comm. network:
Advantages:
1. Satisfies social needs
2. Better human relations
3. Speed
4. Works as a linking chain
5. Fills the gaps in formal communication
Channels of communication:
Informal comm. Network:
Limitations:
1. Not authentic
2. Responsibility cant be fixed
3. Not dependable
4. Incomplete information
5. Lead to leakage of confidential information