communication communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual, process in which...
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Communication
Communication is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual, process in which people create shared meanings that does not have to be intentional.
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Includes such things as:
Eye contact
Posture
Appearance
Touching
Gestures
Voice tone
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Nonverbal Communication
All aspects of communication other than the
words themselves.
(Birdwhistell ’70)
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Like verbal communication, the way we use and
interpret nonverbal communication is culturally
specific.
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Like verbal communication nonverbal communication is:
Arbitrary and ambiguous
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In the United States
language code
nonverbal ¶language codes
31%
69%
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5 Ways in Which Nonverbal Behaviors Interact With Verbal
Communication1. Accent
2. Complement
3. Contradict
4. Regulate
5. Substitute
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
1. Body Movement (kinesics)
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect Displays
Regulators
Adaptors
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Name the Kinesics
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
2. Space (proxemics)
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
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Proxemics also deals with:
Territory
Protect
Mark
Degree
Places
Reactions
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
3. Touch (haptics)
Task Related
Social Related
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
4. Time (chronemics)
How we perceive and use time
Past oriented
Present oriented
Future oriented
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Past Oriented
Regard past events as important.
Emphasis is placed on tradition.
Show great respect for elders.
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Present Oriented
Spontaneity
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Future Oriented
Live for tomorrow
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How Cultures Arrange Their Time Differently
3 Different time systems
1. Technical
2. Formal
3. Informal
a) Monochronic
b) Polychronic
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
5. Voice (Paralanguage)
Paralanguage
How something is said
(silence, pitch, tone, volume)
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
Arabs: Loudly --- strength and sincerity
Israelis: Increased volume --- strong belief about topic
Asian: Gentle soft voice --- good manners and education
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Mā mother
má hemp
mă horse
Mà scold
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Categories of Nonverbal Communication
6. Environmental and Physical Appearance
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
Winston Churchill
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Environment and Physical Appearance
Red
Chinese – good luck
Koreans – bad luck
Ghana – sorrow
Russians - fertility