communicable/infectious diseases what are they and how are they spread?

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Communicable/ Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

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Page 1: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Page 2: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Communicable Disease

An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges.

Page 3: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Deadly Diseases in Historyhttp://www.cnn.com/interactive/2

014/10/health/epidemics-through-history/

Page 4: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Diseases are caused by…?Germs

◦Bacteria◦Viruses◦Fungi◦Parasites

Page 5: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

BacteriaBacteria- one-

celled organisms ◦ Not all harmful

digestion

Common Bacterial Infections◦ Strep throat◦ Tuberculosis

Page 6: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

VirusesViruses are much

smaller than cells. ◦ Capsules that contain

genetic materialViruses invade the

cells in the body, hijacking the machinery that makes cells work.

Host cells are eventually destroyed

Common ColdInfluenzaMeaslesChickenpoxHIV/AIDSEbola

Page 7: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

FungiThere are many

varieties of FungiSome cause

illness

Ring wormAthletes foot

Page 8: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

ParasitesProtozoa

◦Malaria◦Toxoplasmosis

Helminths (worms)◦Tapeworms◦Roundworms

Page 9: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Ways Diseases SpreadThrough the Air- Direct Contact

◦Person to person◦Animal to person

Indirect Contact◦Door knobs, shopping carts, tables, etc..

Insect BitesEnvironmentalFood/Water Contamination

Page 10: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Airborne ChickenpoxCommon ColdFluMeningitis (bacterial)Strep throatMeasles, Mumps, RubellaTuberculosis

Page 11: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Direct Contact Animal to

Person Person to

Person

Saliva◦ Hepatitis B

Skin/mucous membrane contact◦ Chickenpox◦ Lice◦ Staph.◦ Ringworm

Contaminated objects◦ Hepatitis A◦ Meningitis (viral)◦ Rotavirus◦ Salmonella infection◦ Worms

Bodily fluids◦ Hepatitis B and C◦ HIV

Page 12: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Direct Contact Insect to Person

◦Malaria◦Dengue fever◦West Nile Virus

Environment to Person◦Meningitis (amoebic)◦Tetanus

Animal to Person◦Rabies◦Toxoplasmosis

Page 13: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Ways Diseases Spread Cont.Foodborne

◦ Spread from dirty hands to mouth

◦ Bad Food◦ Undercooked Food◦ Unsanitary

Cooking environment

Waterborne

BotulismCholeraListeria infectionSalmonella

infectionTyphoid

Page 14: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Infection vs. DiseaseInfection is the first step, and

occurs when the bacteria, viruses, or other microbes cause disease to enter your body and begin to multiply.

Disease occurs when cells in your body are damaged as a result of the infection and signs and symptoms of an illness appear

Page 15: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Our DefensesImmune System- In response to

infections, white blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the infection. ◦Ex. Common Cold- Fever, coughing,

sneezingVaccines and Immunizations

◦ShotsHand WashingDon’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth

Page 16: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Proper Hand Washing Wet hands with clean, running

water and apply soap.Lather hands by rubbing together

◦ front & back of hands, in between fingers and under finger nails

Scrub for at least 20 secondsRinse under clean, running waterDry hands with a clean towel or

air dry them

Page 17: Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

Preventing IllnessWash your hands regularlyKeep your hands away from eyes,

nose, and mouthCover your coughs and sneezesDisinfect common areas often

◦Keyboards, doorknobs, light switches, etc.Stay home when you are sickMake healthy choices to keep

immune system strong◦Exercise and diet