Communicable Diseases

Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory Diseases

• Common Cold – virus – runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing…

• Influenza (flu) – headaches, chills, and fever

• Pneumonia (infection of lungs) - Shortness of breath, chest pain

• Strep Throat – bacterial infection of the throat – fever, severe sore throat - untreated can lead to Rheumatic Fever

• Tuberculosis – bacterial infection of the lungs – extreme tiredness, night sweats, loss of appetite, spitting up blood

Chronic Disease

Cardiovascular Disease

•Disease of the heart and blood vessels

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

• Angina Pectoris – narrowing of the coronary arteries (Nitroglycerin) – warning sign of a heart attack

• Arteriosclerosis – hardening and thickening of the arteries

• Congestive Heart Failure – hearts pumping is below capacity and fluid builds up in the lungs and other areas of the body.

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) – coronary arties are blocked or narrowed

• Heart Arrhythmia – irregular heart beat

• Heart Attack – death of cardiac muscle(signs: pressure/pain in the center of the chest;

pain that spreads to shoulders, neck, jaw, or back; lightheaded; fainting; sweaing; nausea; shortness of breath

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

• Stroke – blocked or broken blood vessel in the brain - Aneurysm – weaken blood vessel

• Reduce Risk• Healthy diet• HDL/LDL• No Tobacco• 120/80 • BMI• Exercise• Manage Stress

Diabetes

• Type I Diabetes – body produces little to no insulin

• Type II Diabetes – body produces insulin but it cannot be used by cells. 80% due to diet

• Gestational Diabetes – may occur during pregnancy

• Most common is Type II Diabetes

How to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes

• 3 of the 4 risk factors can not be control

• 1. being female

• 2. having family history

• 3. being over 40 years of age

• 4. being overweight and over fat

Cancer

• Cells divide in an uncontrolled manner.

• Cells form a Tumor (abnormal growth of tissue)

• Two types of Tumors:1. Benign Tumors- not cancerous/ do not spread2. Malignant Tumors – cancerous/can spread- Metastasis – spread of cancer to other areas of the

body

Cancer Treatment

• Surgery – most common treatment• Radiation Therapy • Chemotherapy – use anti cancer drugs• Immunotherapy – stimulate the immune

system. (2 ways)1. Inject harmless cancer cells to produce

antibodies2. Inject other substances to stimulate

immune system – PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Side Effects of Treatment

• Radiation – fatigue, nausea, and vomiting

• Chemotherapy – nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue

Reduce Risks of Cancer

1. Know Warning Signs

2. No tobacco

3. Protect from Sun

4. Healthy Diet

5. BMI

6. Avoid Alcohol

7. Avoid exposure to chemicals and airborne fibers

8. Avoid Air pollution

9. Avoid HIV

10. Know Family cancer history

Asthma

• Asthma – Bronchial tubes become inflamed and constrict

Asthma Triggers

• Cause airways to tighten, swell, and fill with mucus

• Examples: pollen, dust, mold, dog/cat dander, cigarette smoke, perfumes…

• Exercise can induce asthma attacks

Preventing Attacks –

avoid asthma triggers/know warning signs

Allergies

• Overreaction of the body to a substance (allergen)

• Examples: animal dander, grass, pollen, mold, insect bites

• House dust – contains mites and feces

• Allergy symptoms: dizzy, nausea, skin rash, watery eyes, stuffy nose, difficulty breathing

Chronic Health Conditions

• Arthritis – Inflammation of joints

• Cerebral Palsy – disorder of the nervous system interferes with muscle coordination– Causes: too much pressure on the head at birth, head

injury, lead poisoning

• Cystic Fibrosis – large amounts of thick mucous in the lungs and pancreas– Cause by abnormal gene

Chronic Health Conditions

• Down’s Syndrome – born with extra chromosome on the 21gene - 47 chromosomes instead of 46 (23 dad/23mom)

• Parkinson’s – brain disorder causes muscle tremors, stiffness, and weakness

• Sickle Cell Anemia – inherited blood disease – red blood carry less oxygen

Sickle Cell

Chronic Health Conditions

• Reyes – causes swelling of the brain and deterioration of the liver function due to a viral disease such as chicken pox.

Genetic Disorders – Genetic predisposition- inheritance of genes that

increase the likelihood of developing the condition

• Hypothyroidism• Colon Cancer• Breast/Ovarian Cancer• Alzheimer's• Down’s Syndrome• Sickle cell• Cystic Fibrosis

BE SMART

• Make sure you educate yourself.

•

• Many of these Chronic Disorder can be controlled if you know the signs and symptoms.