DiseaseIt is a term for an abnormal condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body.

Disease causes…

Discomfort, Dysfunction, Distress and Death.

Disabilities, Disorders, Syndromes, Infections and other unusual variations of structure and functions.

Types of Diseases:

COMMUNICABLE/CONTAGIOUS

These are infectious disease capable of passing from one

person to another.

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Are those diseases which are not

infectious which may result from

genetics or lifestyle.

MORBIDITY vs. MORTALITY

Morbidity- refers to the degree of severity of a disease.

Mortality- is the quality or condition of being mortal; the term is usually used to determine the measure of the number of deaths.

ECONOMYPoverty usually is a source of illness because of deprivation of medical attention for its high cost.

CULTURECultural or traditional beliefs hinders medical attention. Consulting from questionable medical practices by quack doctors, faith healers and other fake healers holds back proper medical procedures.

ENVIRONMENTPotential causes of death and illness depends on the interaction between the environment and individual.

Politics has great effect on illness and death of an individual or the whole community. Government officials have a big responsibility regarding programs like hospitals, health care and health centers.

Possibly, education or information has the biggest effect on death and illness.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Communicable/Infectious diseases

These are illnesses sourced from pathogens which spread from lining thing to another. Pathogens can enter the body through direct or indirect contact causing illnesses like influenza.

It is a biological agent that causes diseases or illness to its host.

These are organisms, frequently microorganisms, or components of these organisms which include various species of bacteria, viruses and protozoa.

Types of Pathogens:

BACTERIA

RICKETTSIAE PROTOZOA PARASITICWORMS

FUNGIVIRUS

Description Single-celled

microorganisms Most are beneficial

but close to a hundred types are known to cause disease

Some release poisonous substances

Diseases Tuberculosis,

strep throat, diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcemia, cholera, meningitis, syphilis

BACTERIA

Description Smallest known

pathogen infecting cells of biological organisms

Unable to reproduce on their own, it replicates through infecting host cells

Diseases

Common cold, measles, rabies, polio, mumps, influenza, SARS, hepatitis, chicken pox, HIV

VIRUS

Description Single celled or multi-

celled parasitic organisms which can live on skin, mucous membranes and lungs

Obtain food from organic materials such as plant, animals or human tissue.

Diseases

Athlete’s foot, ringworm and tinea flava or an-an

FUNGI

Description Grows inside

living cells and resembles bacteria

Carried as parasites such as ticks, fleas and lice

Diseases

Spotted fever

RICKETTSIAE

Description

Tiny, single-celled organisms producing toxins

Reproduce fast through sexual and asexual ways

Diseases

Malaria

PROTOZOA

Description Helminths Largest pathogen

that can enter the body

Diseases Tapeworm,

hookworm, pinworm, roundworm

Wormlike orgs. Living and feeding in living hosts while disrupting the nutrients absorption of their hosts, causing weakness and disease

PARASITICWORMS

Chain of infection:

Causative Agent

Reservoir

Portal of exit

Mode of transmission

Portal of entry

Susceptible host

Causative Agent (Infectious Agent)

It is a microbial organism with the ability to cause disease.

Example: Bacteria, Virus, Fungi and Parasites.

Reservoir

It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce.

Microorganisms can thrive in human beings, animals and inanimate objects such as water, table tops and door knobs.

Portal of Exit or Mode of Exit

It is a place of exit providing a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir.

Principal portals of exit are: Digestive system, urinary system, respiratory system, reproductive system and the blood.

Mode of Transmission

It is a method of transfer by which the microorganism moves or is carried from one place to another or from reservoir to a susceptible host.

Portal of Entry

It may be any opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.

It is within the same system of portals of exit.

Susceptible Host

It is an individual who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body, multiplying and resulting infection.

HOST- a person susceptible to disease, lacking physical resistance to overcome the invasion of the pathogenic organism.

COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

COLD- most common infectious disease

INFLUENZA- viral infection

PNEUMONIA- infection in the lungs by viruses, bacteria and other pathogens.( chest pain)

Chicken PoxSmall red spots that become blisters/ scabs

13- 17 daysEarly stage of rupture of blisters

MEASLESLong lasting cough in the

morningSlight fever in the afternoonSweating at nightChest and back painPale SkinHoarse voice

STREP THROAT

Sore throat, fever, nausea, vomiting high fever and muscle ache

MUMPSSpreads through salivaParotid salivary glandsFever, swelling and pain

BODY DEFENSES

First Line of Defense

SKINTINY HAIRMUCOUS MEMBRANE

Second Line of Defense

White Blood Cells

inflammation

Third Line of DefenseAntibodiesActive immunityPassive immunity

These are illnesses caused by pathogens that are easily passed on from one to another.

These are not caused by pathogens and cant be transferred from one person to another.

It is the resistance to disease through the activities of our immune system

Quiz #3

1. It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce.

2. A person susceptible to disease, lacking physical resistance to overcome the invasion of the pathogenic organism.

3. It is a method of transfer by which the microorganism moves from reservoir to a susceptible host.

4. It may be any opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host.

5. It is a microbial organism with the ability to cause disease.

6. It is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce.

7. It is the transmission of a pathogenic agent through the various links.

Write the process how the character got sick. By way of illustration, write the six elements of chain of infection.

Alice is a student in a prestigious school in the city. With air conditioned rooms conducive for learning, students were given comfort. One of her classmates who happen to be her seatmate is suffering

from colds and sneezes every now and then. Alice could not do away with it since they stay in one classroom. After few days, symptoms of common colds were also seen in her.