commercial revolution as the world turns or day in the lives of europeans of the 1600’s
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Commercial Revolution
As the World Turns
or
Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s
![Page 2: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Time of Confusion and FluxWhy????
Put on a time line: Tension mount as secular issues seem to take over
• Reformation: 95 thesis, Burning of Papal Bull, Peasant Rebellion, Henry’s act of supremacy, Calvin in Geneva, Peace of Augsburg
• Catholic Response: Council of Trent, Jesuits
• Philip’s Crusade: War against Netherlands, War against Moslems, War against England
• War of 3 Henry’s, St Bartholomew’s Day Mass., Henry Guise and Henry III Valois are murdered, Henry IV Bourbon takes over, Paris, Edict of Nantes, Henry IV killed,
• Thirty years War: Start 1618 , 4 phrases, Treaty of Westphalia
![Page 3: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Themes to help you make connections
• Religious wars ended with Treaty of Westphalia• Increasingly secular issues drive national rivalries: dynastic
rivalries, economics• Domestic scene: struggle between new monarchy, old landed
aristocracy, new nobility and new dynamic middle class– Strangely the new monarchy wants to consolidate his power, centralize it
and uses absolutism as a method against the landed aristocracy who wants to keep their old powers from the medieval period
![Page 4: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Commercial Revolution
• Transformation of the economy of Europe from agrarian and rural to commercial, industrial and urban based
Occurred over a long period of time—17th century or 1600’s at the same time as the last of the religious wars and the rise of absolutism
![Page 5: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Commercial Revolution• Starts with the explorations• Leads to increase in world trade and new
goods: shift of economic power from the Mediterranean sea to the Atlantic
• Influx of gold leads to inflation but increase in population causes demand to increase pushing up prices.
• Hurts the Aristocracy: income from land, fixed, hard to find new sources, enclosed their lands, forces tenets off land, population shifts
• Growing significance of Middle class: new entrepreneurs, independent of the guilds, capitalists, expansion of commercial interests
![Page 6: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Middle class befriended the monarchy• Other social effects; slavery, migration
overseas, spread of European culture• Need for colonies: outlet for population,
raw materials, revenue for the king, leads to trade wars, conflicts on the continent spread to the colonies (world wars)
• Charters: monarchy issued monopolies to charter companies that were owned by stock holders who wanted a profit.
• Domestic system or putting out system or cottage system
![Page 7: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Mercantilism or Bullionism• Price revolution: slow gradual rise in
prices, debasing of currency, flow of gold new world, rise of capitalism, new trade in commodities and luxuries
• Labor force separate from ownership unlike the earlier guilds,
• Tariff walls, and subsidized exports
![Page 8: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rural Peasants
• Small yeoman or independent farmer
• Peasants: sharecroppers etc.
![Page 9: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Aristocracy
• Noblese de sword: or old aristocrcy
• Noblese de robe: or new nobility
• Used enclosure to cope with loss of income due to inflation and set rents
![Page 10: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bourgeoise or Middle class
• Haute bourgeoise vs. petite bourgeoise
• Urban
• Professionals allies of the new monarchy
• Increased dynamically in 1600 due to commerce—money economy
![Page 11: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lower classes in urban areas
• Unskilled uneducated urban poor
• Wage earners: day workers
![Page 12: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Impact of the Commercal Revolution
• Price revolution: inflation • Changing trade practices and institutions:
capitalism, Joint stock companies, entrpreneurship, charters, Mercantialism, banking, insurance industry, new commodities etc.
• Leads to new social patterns and interaction• Affects on education• Affects on agriculture: enclosure, rural poor,
new crops, life expectancy
![Page 13: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Economic changes impact the social scene
look at Hogarth, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Chardin, Rembrandt,
Hals, Leyster, Vermeer• Food• Dress• Homes• Furniture• Leisure time activities• Manners• Education and language• Health
![Page 14: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Social Changes with the reformation
• Luther stressed:– Importance of education for both men
and women– Changing role for women: wife mother
and partner in business– New divorce laws– Later marriages: men late 20’s , women early 20’s– Nuclear family not extended family
![Page 15: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Calvin– Elect– Importance of education– Intolerance– Theocracy– Morality legislated by the church
![Page 16: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Other gender issues
• Frequent remarriages for men
• Increase in premarital sex
• Increase in #illegitimate children
• Wet nurses for elite ranks
• Children 8 to 13 apprenticeships, school, domestic servants
![Page 17: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
William Hogarth
• English• Commentary on
–social–Economic –political life in late 17th
century
![Page 18: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
arrested
![Page 19: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Apprehended
![Page 20: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Artists
![Page 21: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bedlam
![Page 22: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Beer Alley
![Page 25: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gin Alley
![Page 26: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Convassing the voters
![Page 27: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
House of Commons
![Page 28: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Enraged
![Page 29: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Party
![Page 30: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Foundlings
![Page 31: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Funeral
![Page 32: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Gaming
![Page 33: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Heir from Rakes Progress
![Page 34: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Heir Marries
![Page 35: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Operas
![Page 36: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Prison
![Page 37: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Spinners
![Page 38: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Looms Pre industrial England
![Page 39: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Tavern
![Page 40: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Toilet
![Page 41: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Enraged
![Page 42: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ancien RegimeOld Regime
1600’s and 1700’s
Prior to French Revolution
![Page 43: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
CharacteristicsAristocratic elite: old legal
privileges, tax exempt, political privileges, socially
eliteUrban centers : guilds
declining, new middle class trying to show economic
status , wants to be accepted with elite
Rural Peasants high taxes and feudal dues
![Page 44: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Importance of
Tradition
Hierarchy and Privilege very
visible
![Page 45: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Boucher
![Page 46: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Chardin
![Page 47: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Gainsborough
![Page 52: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Commercial Revolution As the World Turns or Day in the lives of Europeans of the 1600’s](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649f425503460f94c61711/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)