commercial market for cargo operations€¦ · gross volume of freight has increased dramatically!...
TRANSCRIPT
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Commercial Market for Cargo OperationsAviation Systems Architecture
Allen C.Haggerty
Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMarch 2, 2004
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TOTAL CARGO MARKETGIANT MARKET CONSISTING OF:• TRUCKING• RAIL• SEABORNE• AIR CARGOAS THE “WORLD GETS SMALLER”, THE
GROSS VOLUME OF FREIGHT HAS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY!
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COMMERCIAL CARGOOPERATIONS
. SEA
. LAND
. AIR
. RIVER, LAKES, OCEAN
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TYPES OF FREIGHT
• SMALL PACKAGE DELIVERY• “LESS-THAN TRUCKLOAD” FREIGHT• AIRLINE “BELLY FREIGHT” , e.g. AA,
DL, JAL• PALLETIZED FREIGHT• CONTAINTERIZED FREIGHT• BULK CARGO
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INTERMODALTRANSPORTATION
ALTHOUGH THERE ARE NUMEROUS TYPES OF EQUIPMENT FOR FREIGHT, SOME STANDARDIZATION HAS BEEN ACHIEVED IN:
CONTAINERSPALLETSAIR FREIGHT CONTAINERS
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8’ X 8’X 20’ CONTAINERS
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8’X 8’ X 40’ CONTAINERS
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CONTAINERSHIPSCAPACITY:UP TO 9000CONTAINERSSIZE: 950’ LENGTHUP TO 100,000TONS G.W.
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EVERGREENCONTAINERSHIP-TAIWAN
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MODERN CONTAINER SHIPS
• BEAM GREATER THAN 110 ft.• CAN’T TRANSIT PANAMA CANAL (TOO
WIDE !!)• CREW OF ONLY 13 ( U.S. Destroyer is 360’,
3200 tons, crew of 360 !!!)• DIESEL POWERED , 22-23 KNOTS• AUTOMATED SYSTEMS –low labor costs• OPTIMIZED FOR EFFICIENCY (reduced ton-mile
costs!!)
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PORT FACILITIES
• HUGE LOGISTICAL INVESTMENT !!AUTOMATION IS KEY; SPEED IN UNLOADING / MINIM-
IZATON OF LABOR TO REDUCE COSTS
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ONE-MAN CONTAINERHANDLING
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HONG KONG-PEARL RIVERDELTA- CONTAINERPORT
MILLIONS OF 20 ft. CONTAINERSPASSING THROUGH IN 2002*
• HONG KONG 25.2*• LONG BEACH 10.6• NEW YORK 3.3• OAKLAND 1.6
(PRC’S EXPORTS GREW 22% IN 2002 !!)
SOURCE: NY TIMES 1/26/03
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EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN CONTAINERTHROUGHPUT LONG BEACH, CA
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NUMBER & SIZE OF THE U.S. FLAG MERCHANT FLEET
WORLD FLEET 28,318 SHIPSU.S. FLEET 454 (2%)
CONTAINERSHIPS 90ROLL-ON / ROLL-
OFF SHIPS 60GENERAL CARGOSHIPS 136
SOURCE:1960-1997 U.S. DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, “MERCHANT FLEETS OF THE WORLD”, 2001
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MAERSK SHIPPING LINEINTERMODAL CONTAINER
Gross Weight :67,200 lbs. Tare : 8220 lbs. Payload : 58,980 lbs.
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INTERMODAL CONTAINERS ON TRANS-CONTINENTAL
RAIL SYSTEM
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CARGO COMPETITION ISINTENSE!
K -LINE EVERGREEN
TPL LINE MAERSK SHIPPING
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DOUBLE-STACKEDCONTAINERS ON RAIL(TRAINS MOVE DAY AND NIGHT !!)
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8’X8’X20’ CONTAINERS ATFURNITURE FACTORY
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DEMURRAGE
• AFTER A CONTAINER HAS BEEN DELIVERED TO ITS DESTINATION, THE RECEIPIENT HAS 24 HOURS TO UNLOAD
• “DEMURRAGE” CHARGES START TO ACCUMULATE AFTER 1 DAY
• CONTAINER SHIPPING COMPANIES TRACK THOUSANDS OF CONTAINERS ALL OVER THE WORLD!
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BARGES-OCEAN, LAKES & RIVER
BULK CARGO: COAL, SAND,GRAVEL, ORE, OIL,ETC.
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AIR FREIGHT
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TYPES OF CARGO AIRCRAFT
• FREIGHTERS ( e.g. 747 F, MD-11F, new A-380)• COMBI AIRCRAFT (e.g. ALITALIA
MD-11 COMBI CARRIES 200+ PAXAND MAIN DECK CARGO AFT)
.CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTERS (e.g.MD-11CF)
FREIGHTERS ARE MANUFACTURED NEW (747-400 ERF) OR ARE MODS OF OLDER PAX AIRCRAFT ( MD-10)
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WORLD ECONOMIC GROWTH ANDINTERNATIONAL AIR FREIGHT
GROWTH
GENERALLY GOOD CORRELATION BETWEEN AIR CARGO AND GDP
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757 CARGO HANDLINGSYSTEM
(SIDE-LOADING PALLETS)
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EVA 747 FREIGHTER
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747 FREIGHTER-NOSELOADING
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747-400 FREIGHTERNEW 747-400ER FREIGHTER: 910,000 lbs.
MTOGW ; APPROX. 8000 n.m. RANGE
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CHINA AIR 747 LOADINGCONTAINERS
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757 & 767 FREIGHTERSUPS : 767FDHL: 757F
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A-300 CARGO HANDLINGSYSTEM
. TIE-DOWN ATTACHMENTS
. POWER-DRIVE UNITS
. REINFORCED STRUCTURE
. LARGE SIDE ACCESS DOOR (LOADING / UNLOADING)
. CARGO RESTRAINT SYSTEM
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EVA MD-11 CARGO FREIGHTER
630,000 lbs.MTOGW, 192,000 lbs.CARGO, 7200nm.Range
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MD-11 CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTER & COMBI
CONVERTIBLE FREIGHTER24hrs. PAX to Freighter48 hrs. Freighter to PaxMartinAir-HOLLANDCOMBIAlitalia CombiMain Deck Cargo + 219 Passengers
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MD-11 COCKPIT6 ACROSS MULTIFUNCTION FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS
THIS COCKPIT WAS INSTALLED IN THE DC-10 MOD TOMD-10 FREIGHTER FOR FEDEX
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DC-8F CARGOLINERPAX AIRCRAFT CONVERTED TO CARGO ;RE-
ENGINED WITH TURBO-FANS(UPS FLEET)
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THE BUSINESS OF AIR CARGO!
• ECONOMICS JUSTIFY HIGH PRIORITYTIME CRITICAL PAYLOADS(ELECTRONICS, FLOWERS, BERRIES)
• URGENT PACKAGES, DATA, PARTS• AIR CARGO MARKET AIDED BY
PRESSURE TO REDUCE INVENTORIES& CYCLE TIME
• SHORTER TIME TO MARKET
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AIR CARGO CARRIERS• POLAR AIR CARGO• ATLAS AIR• EVERGREEN INTERNATIONAL• MARTINAIR• GEMINI AIR CARGO• AMERIJET INTERNATIONAL• EMORY AIR FREIGHT• DHL• AIRBORNE EXPRESS• LUFTHANSA CARG0• UPS• FEDEX
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NUMEROUS FREIGHTFORWARDERS!