comm1pcomm1p professor gilbert cockton, frsa leader, human-computer systems group, school of...

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Professor Gilbert Cockton, FRSA

Leader, Human-Computer Systems Group,

School of Computing, Engineering and Technology

Project Director, Digital Media Network

Web Interaction DesignWeb Interaction Design

2

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• SCET MSc EC/ECA © Gilbert Cockton 2001

The Rule of HCI: ReminderThe Rule of HCI: Reminder09050905

• Good Design …

• … demonstrably fits …

• … its context of use

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3 Fundamentals: Reminder 3 Fundamentals: Reminder 09070907

Context

• Design

• Evaluation

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How They Fit TogetherHow They Fit Together09080908

Context

EvaluationDesign

Constrains

Informs

Tests

Fits

Implies

Implies

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Context: DefinitionSContext: DefinitionS 09120912

• The circumstances within which an entity or process exists

• The environment within which systems operate

• The definer and determinant of success and failure

• A source of requirements (beware!) and acceptance criteria

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Context ...Context ... of Useof Use09140914

“of use” is a specialisation, a restrictionto environments of usage, success and

failureand their potentially relevant aspectsrelevance is a function of proposed design

options

RECALL THREE MAIN ASPECTS OF CONTEXT

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Objectives and Assessment: Objectives and Assessment: Abilities 1: ReminderAbilities 1: Reminder

09170917

• Research context of use• Users and Stakeholders

• Tasks and Activities

• Environments: Physical, Organisational, Cultural

• Individual Assignment requires skilled activities

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Potentially Relevant Potentially Relevant ContextContext 09190919

• Not just end-users, but all stakeholders

• Not just immediate tasks, but embracing activities

• Not just physical setting for use, but organisational, cultural and technical

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Required Activities: Required Activities: ReminderReminder 09200920

Research and Design Grounding

• Explicit Design, Explicit Rationales

• Quality Testing

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Researching ContextResearching Context09220922

• Identify stakeholders and their attributes

• Identify activities and critical success factors

• Model the usage environments

• HOW WOULD YOU COLLECT THIS DATA?

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Data CollectionData Collection09270927

• Contemporary Archaeology - study material culture, but talk to people too!

• Ethnography - observing activities and environments

• Interview, focus groups and questionnaires - profiling and understanding stakeholders

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Example: The Great Indoors Example: The Great Indoors (IBM/Sears Roebuck) (IBM/Sears Roebuck)

09290929

• Stakeholders: focus on US females

• Activities: redecoration projects, finding ideas, learning tips

• Tasks: selecting products

• Environment: apparently not considered

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The Great Indoors: The Great Indoors: ResearchResearch 09310931

Prior to designing the store and subsequently the Web site, we spoke with thousands of women about their decorating and remodeling adventures and what their ideal experience would be. … They told us they wanted an extensive array of top quality merchandise options, the ability to see and evaluate the items clearly, design inspiration and solutions and an easy-to-navigate site

John Yung, Director, thegreatindoors.com

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Modelling and AnalysisModelling and Analysis09330933

• Grounded Theory - concept hierarchies (affinity diagrams, issues and topics)

• Work Models - contextual design (flow, sequence, culture, artefact, physical)

• (Personal) Construct Theories• Psychographics - demographics and

lifestyle preferences• Business Models - P/L, branding etc.

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Context RepresentationsContext Representations09350935

Beyer and Holtzblatt’s

Work Models

Contextual Design,

www.incent.co

m

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Generating DesignsGenerating Designs 09400940

• Envisionment Scenarios • Vision Document, Contextual Design• credible narrative of existing and

envisaged• who, what, where, when, why?

• Domain Analysis (OO Methods)• use cases become navigation routes• information structure becomes

information architecture

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Grounding DesignsGrounding Designs09420942

• Design first, ground later • Specify design, then link back to context

models• Identify unreferenced context and

ungrounded design features

• Most designs will involve both generating and grounding

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TutorialsTutorials 09440944

• Until groups are formed, Mondays• EC: 1100-1230• ECA: 1300-1430• For Monday, think about

• Desirable attributes of web-sites (-ities)• Design Archaeology

– why is this object the way it is?– Stakeholders, activities, usage

environments

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BreakBreak 09500950

• 10 minutes

• Please do be back on time

• Contexts of internet, intranets and extranets?• How do internets, intranets and

extranets differ on their stakeholders, activities and environments?

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Recommended BooksRecommended Books

• Nielsen, J.• Designing Web Usability

• Spool, J. et al.• Web Site Usability

• Donnelly, V.• Designing Easy to Use Websites

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InTERnet or InTRAnet? InTERnet or InTRAnet? 10001000

• employees vs. customers

• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet

• Stakeholders: primary

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• Customer-centred vs. employee-centred?


• Stakeholder needs for information/activities

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• needs vs. wants


• Mandatory vs. Discretionary

• Activity property

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• Hundreds of Pages vs. Thousands


• Domain: Information range

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• Browser, network speed, typefaces, display size, plug-ins, applications, known upgrade paths and timescales

• predictable vs. unpredictable


• Environment: technical

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• Information structure

• organisation vs. customer-centred?


• Domain: information structure

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• Jargon and acronyms vs. plain language


• Stakeholders: language needs

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• Business model

• third-party revenue vs. no revenue


• Stakeholders: management, goals and needs

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• Email

• create vs. reduce


• Activities: expected changes in context

• Stakeholders: impact

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InTERnet or InTRAnet?InTERnet or InTRAnet?10291029

• Internal testing vs. competitive testing• stakeholders: developers

• inTRAnet vs. inTERnet• and so on

• regular vs. irregular usage (stakeholders)• knowledgeable vs. anything

(stakeholders)• fixed home vs. anything (environment:

technical)

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ExtranetsExtranets 10311031

• More like inTERnet or inTRAnet?

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Content 1: ReminderContent 1: Reminder10331033

• Human-Computer Interaction for the WebContext Research,

• Usability Engineering

• Information Architecture

• Conceptual Functionality

• Navigation Structures, Display Design, Interaction Techniques

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SummarySummary 10351035

• Context reseach, modelling and analysis• loosely structured

• opportunistic

• precious

• limited

• essential

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Last Words from Jared SpoolLast Words from Jared Spool10371037

• p.153

• What’s “good enough”?

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