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ED 185 849
TITLEINSTITUTIONREPORT NOPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
LANGUAGE
LOPS PRICEDESCR IPTOR S <
COMER RESUME
FL 011 340
Persian Basic Course: Volume III, LesstnsDefense Language Inst., Monterey, Calif.PF001.0SJun 66206p.: For related documents, see FL 011 338-350.Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language.Center,Nonresident Division, Presidio of Monterey, CA 93940(S3.50, accompanying cs.ssettes $8.00)English: Persian .
MF01/PC09 Plus Postage.*Audiolingual Methods; Communicative Couipetence(Languages); *Cialogs (Language): *Grammar;Instructional Materials; *Intensive Language Ccurses;Language Usage: Listening Comprehensicn; PatternDrills (Language) :-*Persian; Reading Comprehension;*Second Language Instruction; Standard Spoken Usage;vocabulary Deyelcpment: Writing Skills
ABSTRACTThe third of 10 volumes of a basic course in Persian
is presented thatis designe.d for use in the Defense LanguageInstitute's intensive programs for native English speakers. Thdcentral feature of the daily lesscn is the structured dialogue, whichSystematically incorporates a number of grammatical features. Grammaris not explained through' cenventicnal e xplanat1.ons 'or discussions.?fter students perceiie the morphclogical changes though intensiveoral usage and class drill, they gain additional practice byafter-class reading. The following sequence of text material isfollowed: (1) grammar percepticn drills using the familiar and 'knownvocabul:ry to introduce the new morphclogical patterns; (2) dailydialogue involving new morphological patterns and new vocabulary; (3)
dialogue4 translation into EngliSh: (4) grammar analysis, whichexemplifies the struztural patterns in a very simple language; (5)
grammar drills; (6) a Persian narrative and questions; (7) aural-lraland written homework; and (8) vocabulary lists. Tapes acccmpany thetext. (SW)
A1*************100011***********************1011***********************1011**** Reproductions supplied by !DRS are the best tbat can be made *
sk. from the original document., *
a%
U cityITmeoir OF Ham TH.CO EDUCATION Allogmei
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFEDUCATION
0:0 tt. ..ofvfF f ,1AS 6F EN IFFPF40.f),, I) F IA it Y liErtIvED F ROM
'IF PI Wylly ()Wf,ANolAtION ONIGiNA'oN. 1 p.))14 ON OPNIONS
C:11 OA 1 t) NC( Y.,AWIL Y WEPRE -I / NA t (-)NAL NS t tuTk Of
LANs, t t,N I F IN
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCEGINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
PERSIAN .
Basic Course
Volume III
Lessons 29 - 38
June 1966
DER IATCUAGE INSTITUTE
I PRINTED JUNE 1966
I REPRINTED JULY 1969
I REPRINTED MAY 1976
I REPRINTED OCTOBER 1978.
PF 0010 S
Z'
A
THIS PUBLICATION IS TO BE USED PRIMARILY IN SUPPORT OFTRAINtNG MILIMARY PERSONNEL AS PARTOF THE DEFENSE.LANGUAGE PROGRAM (RESIDENT-AND NONRESIDENT). INQUIRIES' -
CONCERNING THE USE'OF THE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTSFOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO:
DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE'FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTERNONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISIONPRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, tA 93940
TOPICS IN THE AREAS. OF POLITICS,_ INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,MORES, ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL. FROM,SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES'INCLUDED IN LANGUAGE .
TRAINING FOR DLIFLC STUDENTS, SINCE MILITARY PERSONNELMhY FIND THEMSEtVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDINGOF CONVERSATIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIAL OF THIS.NATURE WILL BEESSENTIAL TO THEIR MISSION. THE PRESENCE.OF CONTROI/ERSIAL.STAT.EMENTS-WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT-IN.DLIFLC 'MATERIALSSHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE 9PINIONS,0E-THE WRITERSp OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE, OR OF THE
,
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,
3
PREFACE
C.
The Persian.Course, consisting of 124 lessons in, 10 volumes, is one of the Defense Language Institute'sBasic Course Series. The material was developed at theDefense Language Institute and approved for publicationby the Institute's Curriculum Development ,Bodtd.
The course is designed to train native cEnglishlanguage speakers to LeVel 3 proficiency in comprehensionand speaking and Level 2 proficiency in reading andwkiting Persian. The texts are intended for classroomuse in the Defense Language Institute's intensive programs.Tapes accompany the texts.
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
LESSON 29
Page1
,.... 3
Perception Drill 40'
Cartoon guide 12
Dialogue fl""13
Translation of tdalogue 14
Grammar Analysis 35
'Grammar Dr41 .. 201
heading & Questions 23
Homework 24
Vocabulary 25
LESSON 30 27
Perception Drill 26
" Cartoon guide 34
Dialogue 35
Translation of Dialogue 36
Grammar Analysis 37
Grammar Drill 41
Reading & Questions 44
Homework 45
Vocabulary 46
LESSON 31 ."
Page
4100 48
Perception Drill 49
Cartoon guide 54
Dialogue 53
Trinslation of Dialogue 56
Grammar Analycim 57
Grammar Drill 59
Heading & Questions 6-2
Houswork. 63
Vacabulary 64
LESSON 32 66
Perception Drill 67
C%rtoon guide 72
Dialogue .. 73
Translation of Dialogue 74
Grammar Analysis 75
Grammar Drill 79
Heading & Questions s_ 82
'Homework 83
6 ,
Vacabulary 84
LESSON 33 86
Perception Drill §7
iv6
PageCa:rtoon guide 92.
Dialogue 93
Translation of Dialogue 94
Grammar Analysis. 95
Grammar Dril) 97
Reading & Questions 100
Homework 101.
Vocabulary 102,
LESSON 34 104
Perception Drill 105
Cartoon guide 109
Dialogue 110
'Translation of Dialogue 111
-tGrammar Analysis 112'
Grammarbrill 117
Reading & Questions 120
Homework 121
'Vocabulary 4 122
LESSON 35 .. 125
Perception 15rill 126
Cartoon guide 130
Dialogue 131%.*
A
Translation of Dialogue
Grammar Ana 173 is
Grammar Drill
Reading & Questions
Homework
VocabulirY
0
Page
132
133
136
139
140
141
LESSON 36 144.1
Perception Drill 145
Cartoon guide . 149
Dialogue o . 150
Translation of Dialogue 151
Grammar Analysis . 152
Grammar Drill 154
Reading & Questions 157
Homework 158
Vocabulary., 159
LESSON 37 161
PercePtion prill .162
Cartoon guide 165
Dialogue 166
Translation of Dialogue
'Grammar Analysie 168
v I
Grammar Drill
Rdkding & Questions
Homework
Vocabulary
Pagel
170'
173
174
175'
LEpSON'38 177
Perception Drill 178
Cartoon guide 184
Dialogue 185
Translaticn of Dialogue 186
Grammar Analysis 187
,Gy.mmar Drill . . 191
Reading 1 Questions 194 '
Homework , 195
Vocabulary 196
4
LICRODUCTION
As in Persian Basic Course Volume IZ, the instructionalmateriala in this volume have also begn designed.to graduallyintroduoe the structural patterns of the Persian Language. Aselected number of collo4uial vocabulary° and sketches have bow..chosen to enable the student to,freely manipulate the morpho.logy of the language within the setting of every day situations.
In thie-volume alio, the central Natl.& of the dailylessons remains to be the structural dtilogue in which a numberof grammatical features are systdmatical4 incorporated in a,
Airily situation, and the understanding of which is based uponpreviously introduced patterns. Grammar is. nOt.explainei'through conventional explanations or discussions. The studentmust first perceive the structural changes through intensiveoral usage in Grammar analysis section.
To further practice the new structure and vocabularY. as -before, these elements are recombined with-priviously meteredmaterial in preparing additional drill units. These drill units
, Along with the Gralmar Perception Drills, Dialogue, and'GrammarAnalysis, comOiee the daily lesson. They appear in the !ongo-ing sequence in this vOlume. '
Grammar Perception brill; a series of drillausing the familiar and known vocabulary tointroduce the new morphological patterns.
2. Daily Dialogue; which embraces the newly preseru..
ted morphological pattern's', along uith a grviupof new every day vocabulary.
Dialogue translation into English.
4. Grammar Analysis; which exemplifiea*the strub-tural patternis in a very_simple language: 0
11
the-pow morphological patterns'as well as veilto as tho new vocabulary and the imeriously assi.
milated ones.
Grammar Drill; a series'of drills utilizing
6. Reaaing and ;Zestions; A narrative in Persian,along with-a series of thoight stimulating questicins.
7.. Homework; both aural, oral, and written asSigmenta ,
, for the student to accomplish at home.
I.
8. Vocabulary; a list ot the new words introduced in.sthe.dialogue with their meaning in Englisirand
'Atranscription in Bnglish. .1
.1
1 I,
4
2
pm.
's
r .
4
,1
A
4.
3 '1.2
PERCEPTION DRILL TWEmTt-NINEw AstO Sit
Drill verb 0;1-.1-4; by using the following forme and guidelines:
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Present
Past
Subjunctive
rft;-"1',;. tr.
r44,Lf,
: -kr:SAA)Le 3,s
I irtrt; is* dj °:' J.)-; 9I
.1;743 L.IS )1
if L4 14.4
ts zit 4; out
4
PBRCZPTION DRILL TWENTY...NINE
4."4 ts s
isJ Jj.; 6.4
th"":
jz.b. 411
I. I I) J17.4. C...o L.
j.).;
64.0 .t. I.
or
LPS ..
jet r a5")... jot) IS 01) j
az"-.= 4.)-**-:v ..1;; )1..
5
PERCEPTION DRILL TWENTY-NINE
to be sitting --
Drill verb L) J51, 4A-A--; by using the following forms and guidelines:
Infinitive
Present:
Past:
I am sitting
I was sitting
4144-4.;
I L
14.4
Le..6t
When the verb endings are added to a word which ends in the silent(
the tiler is written.
6
PERCEPTION DRILL ,TWENT'YNINE
41-S 1.)1A
r1 .)
j J %)).51.4 drLiti
)6 L.) ..tov, LiS
s
41";2"lj 1'4 4Vr.
71 6
PERCEPTION DRILL TWENTY-NINE
to stand
Drill verb biLt-itlby using the following forms and guidelines:
Infinitive
'Present Root
Past Root
Present
-Past
Subjunctive
urk.#4. Lour NS') J *
J urs"
41.4-
Lb.). )6' J j_
ag ( jai )15' J I J)SU
PERCEPTION DRILL T.,WE'NTY-NINE
Pk,
9
Lev., )6) J I
SI
t:4"ate len; I ljnr
J.; Jb-wt:Liv.)6)
J11.41().)6j cUttl
..1/41;
.L.F-47..L.
4;15t.A.
Jr.Lr-; L-t
Ja-401 ¼Lr c)10)51-1
1-4
ait i are j
%LA I ,44.14;
PERCEPTION DRI1L TWENTY-NINE'4
to be standing J .11 4 J1144f)
Drill verb by using the following forms and 'guidelines:
Infinitive
Present:
1,
I am standing
Past:
I was standing
10
t
J.:1 4Jt 0L;t1
Je. J .91 4 J LA% 1 6641
3.$1.,3l.....441,:j1.4.41
19
ea%
J.
PERCEPTION DRILL TWENTY-NINE
)e) J
I Ls L.A.,1 ti.abs
a., 1 I rib 1...t
J.; I Lk, I LI 1 J LI:KA
j )151.) J LIS#
I J '114ar )61) J tsf
r , 4jb.mI
J1j4,561
:-..61A .1 I
J.11
J J cs..c,A04.
L I ,y1L_
L Lt.
1111 VI
Jiamiks) It 4;1 ct 4.:j I to51.1,
C.J.L07,)
NA,
DIALOGUE TWE.NTY-NINIc,
Xtrt; Ar ce 3.1-4,v tiji 01 4)4.
1' .U4.4; isc T
4r:' .).
as slAr
x...:4; 04 a, 4J.n .1) J 1 41.
I 4.4.13 6.4 is:JI
J
d4:). tVls .0
gu.sa4 'I )1 LP- dj
_t
-1%Z..' q.JJ.uiIP y&JJ
Y
4,5`
41 J J kkr!L4 J
Jji J &AP
%JAZ cell; I .}?%). )15. Ce. j
:. 14)5L4 k)Aj 01
13
A
_1
DIA7, 0 0.1JE TWENTY-NINE
(Translation)
1. Who sis next to you?
Captain Arnevaits next to me.
2. who sits behind-you?
No one site behind me.
3. Lieutenant Jones sits facing you?
Yes, he sits facing me.0
4: Is Cantain Arney sitting at your right?
No, he is sitting at my left.
5. Is Captain Arney standing now?
No, he is.sittiv now.
What is your rank?
My rank is major.
7. Is.your rank higher than his?
Tee, my rank is higher than his.
8. 'Who hairthe highest rank among the studentsr
Colonel Jones has the highest rank.'
9. Who has the lowest rank?
Lieutenant Tabrizi has the lowest rank.
10. Who is the youngest student in the class?
Lieutenant Tabrizi is the youngest student.
A..
O
11RAMMAR ANALYSIS TWENTf.NINE
44.1.'.6;
_
The present form of verbs, i.e. fJ:e., connote present.tense,present progressive,and future tense - I go,,I am going, and I shallgo. However, there are some verbs of action whose present form only °connote the present tense, and future tense. For these verbs thepresent progressive is renderecrby the present form of,another verbwhich is a modified form of the same verb.
7./
Example:
( I sit, I shall sit )
( I am sitting )
Present,
ue
A liet of these verbe are as follow:
tet sit
to stand
to wear' -
to lie down
to lean -
to lean back at
/'
Jk4; (J-1 JLe .3) Job-PA 31
ts.J.J.:.0
`("*:. I te() )KJ rij"JLfte. itjo )6.) rift
Ne )4-14. ,1
I >4 I j: 4i-wt./a )1
Infinitive
to sit
to besitting ,
c
k
He usually sits on the chair.
He is sitting on the chair.
The teacher stands in class.
The teacher is standing in class.
She usually wears white shoes.
She is wearing her white shoes"
GRAMMAR' ANALYSI-S TWENTTaNINZ
J4 4, -47ti ta. .;1 She wears expensive dresses.
I d )1 She is wearing a red drese.
However the above list should not be taken as a complete list ofsuch verbs.
.ftepositiong
Prepositions can be divided into two classes': thee. which take the suf.and those which do not.
1 Propositions which do not take the ezafe,include the followingi
0 iL n from, through, made ot, and to express comparison
&le:
cde
.
r
*... 44r 'V
r r.4.4
i jpr. mi Ji
L?- Cx1J.:,
4
4,7
I am coming.from home.
I asked him a few questions.
I tame here through the sixthAvende.
He is younger than I.
This dessert is made of milkand eggs.
The following compOunas of jl are also used.
16
after
before
2 5
4
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS TWENTY'.-NIN3
a
" ;eith, io " ass
**, r1.\-i.J..!AV 4k: ,IL,
ci J 1
."61111 14iiNt L.°
r 63;ri- t..)1-1441'
outside
I wint'to school with him.
is on good terms with me, helikes me.
I.
H. is, on bad termi with children,
he' dislikes children.
I sspoke. to them.
40 W' toe in, into, and etc,'"e
Example s
.4.11 J`cif4t, j cAti . .R gave this to me.
r.Vd4S jl. cp ,I helped him.,.
' 'f'j-kr A 3 J , J 41 IJ ur. ks-,cp..1 I.will buy this book for twodollars.
. .,
Op 1 jist, i ) He came to school..
r-..)1J/4-4fa.0-1c..-0* We have/twenty minutes to twelve
o'clock.
r es4.tP (ry lit I) czi
L. I tr.j1.; ,;,es
w to - up to " ass
L.
I translated this sentence intoPersian.
In my view(opinion) Persian iseasy.
Wi walked to (as far as) thetheatre.
f 4^; .) 11.%.fJ iJjL I stayed at school up to eleveno'clock.
17
GRA'MMAR.ANALYSIS TWENTY.NINE
" in, into, at, and etc." as:
S cji .3)51..t The students are in class.
1.) 31i JJ CJI J I saw him at that day.
Prepositions which take the esafe include the following:
U (with the azafe j .11) ) "on", and its compounds
from Upon" and :110%,.10 "opposite, facing".
Example:
I j.r.. 1.$
4)...";.$ A)
My book is on the table.
He is reading from his bodk.
He is sitting facing the irindoW.
Js) and its compound J J"under" ass
;LA; cS"
IajjjJj cs.
"at, on, over" as:
(.4 JAI
r t J.0
me.,64:6.;
I
The red chalk is under the table.
We came sharp at eight.
We came on tiie.
We sat-at the table.
and its compound c-d J"behind" and 4:-; from behind"
AS:414..4;
%I...01 je. S:7:44 J18
He is sitting behind his desk
PI
GRAMMAR ANA.r.YSIS TWENTY-NINE
64. tre J.**" 41"11-;;;:A%:"; j1 J1
He sits behind me.
He got up from behind his desk.
Ji "before, in front of, with" as:
They took him before Lis officer.
I went to him (to see him)yesterday.
I have lessons with him.
My book is with you.
)1.4% wbeside, by the side of" as:
ti* kr4 0 3.144 F-0JJ My friend sits .beside me.
441.0 "to rise, to get up"
19.
GRAMMAR DR/LL TWENTYNINE
20
cs.S. 1Jr.i eal..0.41; rib
I .1)SLt 44A rJ Cs0Atj J I t
.-0
J Jj.514 4"16
rA
Al..= 01 4414 1I J I I . 1
%;;,... J La% 1.1 1 1
Z..4 I 40 J '1.140.4 jild,Fr 1 :}0.% 1 T
IdJL.I L. r. 1 t
.1) taad II
. 1
`1« d I LAN Sji . 1 Y
Ij" IA. I A
1 iLit I Lrs 4". Y
j 14 r.LA. 1
I I ks 1.4.4 T T
Ak1.4%; ts. 1,, I T risLx *AS. J J)51.1
tr% te,.. o
ea,
OR4M14AR tRILt TWENTY-NINE
am ..e.;. J.;.; r 1
T xt..ta LsJ s 'I
I
x&:. L., Jr. L., -:. Jj-; I r1-! r
aak I 4,s j Lk... Lo 1 r
1.4 4...A 1 r t. .
T JA >iv 1 r 0'
1;.1 J.Lah }i1/4.4 I..; I rt.
4\t1 1 41.4. r y
r A
1 14.4 j.." 1 rr .1: 1 c...4; k)* .1)-: C.) Ut t
1 c......1; Luc, In t
et*
5.
GRAMMAR DRILL TWENTY7NINE
;L. An .01J J o T
I trf 0 r
Le J isc . 0 tte i o o
01I LA, J
I L ci hr LS. o A
14 . 0
0* Vf cj j.,;1,A. 1 Ij1 .4911 11.
f 4,Lp:re L!Y 4.jhi att. o
11.cr..A.; J.!. Y
1AJ)1.) 0..); 0:414 oiJ)s1-4 cze 1 i
.1)1 a!-J .) J)su k...1. Ye
yrj:. c, I. J,51.: aash Si La. Not
S' ILjrJrI .4 _yo
READING TWENTY.NINE/ I,c:A4)) » I )) ri 0, i)
. cjilltjtJlik-smat-Lf/i/ci I I) ) )
I. .; J
2Vrke171%141,":t 1,11017 IV L.)! ..t.A L.)L,f,1
)1,cp,1 A*
/.. .
)41.ti..4 .
r
questions on Reading:
6
r441,:,:-:14,
4)1 J J; r .N.c
Jj1 J r 1 (.7.)6
?Jj.J4Sflji. % ) J t
..))1 cArtiv r 1 ) 0,v.,1-4; Ise L4 Jau-c. r; ?,
T aaji r; ij..1
J11.1: j1,stjb..e.41 L j1) ,
J 1-12r A,I(7) trj1 '11a;1
23
1
,HONSVORK
Use ach of the following itm in a sntonoo:
Zunis:
r:ijj 6.;. 4. - J
21
S.
3 3
rAb
J-ct II
414
J J10. J
o
/NW LPes es
I --A
V OCABULA'RY TWENTY-NINE
side
back '
behind
face
face to face, opposite
right hand, at right
left hand, at left
"to sit
I sit
I. sat
I 'mat sit
to te sitting
I am sittini
I was sitting
to stand
23
:t
A>: V
tp:.1.40 J
J11. 46.--u,
47......t;
Jk-411
.1
V OCABULA,RY TWENTY-NIX E.
petweon, among
A
dawn, low
lower
lowest
young
younger
youngest
youngest of,all
rat*
4
26
.
ces
,i7creLo
.111 j I sw..e j I
LICSSON THIRTY
PERCEPTION DRILL.,TRIRTY
who which -
lj J..j4..a.
jiIcs ceSs
I.
azs J1`,At i.
after A. j smi
je..1 4.104.
. ditgui
:
26
PERCEPTION DRI'LL THIRTY
s4 V 4r bit ,.$-JE-6: 4,1;1 4.,
agi &L., I j I Jail,
t Ar Jab J ; 1-141
.4144 Ar J Akie Ji.141 Pao
4.44, Ar 44),,-Sr r Lt. AV +A:, yea.
to awake - 0 Jmila.)1 4.1e,
Drill verb .61,ji 411 uaing the following guidelines:
Present tense
Past toms r `s4j1
Subjunctive ) JI i661..)
I.Ata ji :.:fttiwo
j I
.14 "-te. I ti41-0 g, Lia 0"D
'44 .) IL. a-r. Lug
29
3 8
PERCEPTION DRILL T-IIIRT'T
Drill verbguidelines:-
to shave
JP:' J1 tiAL d-r t.:Alii.**
az, I b J
-1/411 1.4)3.
j ..?-1 a-A L.
je,..,Itt.%; ji zaa L.
lj; with ij by using the following forms and
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Present
Past
Subjunctive
39 3 0
Jo;
1/4-41.):
4.6' j1.4. jle j
62e... jJIJmiS
I
."
PERCEPTI.ON DRILL THIRTY
to dry.-
Li b.t±Lj1s Lat"hit JI
I Ltd
1.),./1 JI .4* )1
4-4
J4Ift" ) j'ZJ '42 di
LI!) "da irc
Jr4 ljt 01:z., )(a Jr. Le L'S
r4
Drill verb id Ji 4=1-4.-i. with 1 with the following items:
j I
13E114:PT/ON DRILL THIRTY
6
J '41f4to
r:Ste r1.1.6r.'
44446. j'14./J bt "XL* OLIk, .12AL.
J.P.Camti` IJI.AJ Ji
douc 4.a). j 012:U. J LA%
fl; oa 44"i" L4) ids
ljtjuj >de 1; ,1
4,141.14.k. I) 01.1.1) ). j.ita LAI
tO - J.),C6jJ4PA
Drill verb 0 4A.C6Apdis by the talcs/ins iteras
: 61}4JIAJL: j61 66.6.3 4141-
jJ41***41-Cosf140
32
4 1
.15
1"
PIRCEPTIO-N DRILL THIRTY
jI .. 66 %;.4' )4.7
\
t 4:1,4 4s; JIL0
1144," jJ464 61 4Lr "j115.01.40414 a; A, La %L.!'.
464.t. jspaa* 4 I di; ;in):
44, ij.,41.
4.fskigia Lo 44-
ajSjJd'A *1/4-6 -9-k" tij 311-0 d-r
It
0 1r +6
4-0 0 I
g
1011111
9 1
Ot
DIA.LOGUE THIRT.Y
is 44:1 dpe,. j I ..kt, I J."! LA our, ....
r ru-fte Jake r;se. ).1)
s.
'01,rh JrJ1.1.3-iJr-ok
.1).40 %?, 44)::4.- ç L. (vsci tt.
11 01:1. LA * .A.Z.r. 4 I 421LA t
ft .,"1:4 1.) re. 1-6 441). 414
4.0. &is ts jeLs*
aLti.....1 >0., if I.) jrn
"tr44, " 44:10 1.4'J
j) a oi .4;
1/4-1 Aekr, L.J 1-4.)
rt Aeo- L.d.1 JU2I
A
.
.0--
DIALOGU.E 'THIRTY
(Translation)
1. What do you do in the morning after, you wake Up?
I exercise a little and then go to the bathroom.
2. .Do you have a shower or a tub in the bathroom?
I have both a shower and a tub.,
3. Do you take & bath with warm water or with cold water?
I take a bath with.warm water.
4. How many times a week4o you wash,your hair?
I wish my hair once a wek.
5, What kind of shampoo do you use?
I use liquid shampoo.
6. What,do you'do.after washing your hair?
I.dry my hair with A towel.
7. Where do youcomb your hair?
I comb my hair in front,of the mirror in the bathroom.
8. Dv-you shave w th-a ravarl-
No, I have an electric shaver.
9. What kind of toothpaste do you use?
I use Colgate toothpaste.
10. Where do you put on your clothes?
I usually tout on my clothes in the bedroom.
36 15
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY
Bf1ituf.2E2aNn_4
4 as a relative pronoun means *who, which, that".
Example:
tim6)45 J.1.4.4 44 JAI
jr..
04...":.1 jj 4.c4k.C,
The student who sits next to meis an officer.
The book which I bought is onthe table.
The brief-case which is on thetable.is very pretty.
Note that the noun which is referred to 'by 4 is followed by J ,
called the of specification. It makes the noun definite.However, if the noun is definite the is not added.
Example:
4.1.) Jf1 I a; 1.k. I JI4 tiej
JA ItatJ") ziatz.;! 61,J .
414 4 1.4
The -4-is written in the form ofceding it ends in mute ( ) or
Le) is,,,j1..1
Are 1, (0.11.414c
r Jr. AA-I
Mr. Rid who is an Iranian, isteaching at the .Argy Languageschool.
We who are students study everynight.
Olor d whenever the noun pre-vowftls I and J,
The house that you have ie verYpretty.
The boOks which I bought are onthe table.
The deer that I saw was verypretty.
ahoo "deer"
376
a
0 8AMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY
foasess/ve Adlegtives
'There are two types of possossive adjectIves in Persian:
L. Separable possessive adjectives,2. Inseparable possessive adjectives
1- The separable possessive adjectives are the same as the personalpronouns and are:
Example
Z.... tx Z.40 J
6'..wi 44;1:1
,As j1 jJle
oz..4.14'30r; J,A1,16
J js.z. Lit.0kjarj J
sly
your
his, her
our
your..
their
singular'
plural
My friend is here.
Uur,brother is not here.
His mother came hero.
Our friends drink coffee.
Your sister is in Hew York.
Their lesson WAS difficult.
2. The inseparable possessive adjectives connected to the nounsthey modify and are:
38
, Example':
O.RAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY
oLt
1.a..141 isiipJ
4,441 Z.) J LA!
Je.1 4114 le ?IV 'IL
.A.:j j-ite ,-4; I";
C.-.01
J-C-te ol-tovJ
your
his, her
our
your
their"
singular
plural
My friend is here.
Your brother is not here.
His mother 'came here.
Our friends de nk coffee.
Your sister is .in New York.
Theii4 lesson was difficult.
Whenever the possessive adjective refers to the subject of the sentence,it must be used in its inseparable form. Other 'Wise both the separable
and inseparable forms can be used.
rixample:
r 61 Ske ci?s34'S
'rJ).:J;kfUrrhsty)
r7-40-4 tyLAJ
incorrect
correct
incorrect
correct
I took my book 'home.
I washed my clothes.
ORAMMAR. ANALYSIS THIAT,Y
4:61....st 144 t) L.61 Utt
""" k_L-.L v. L:b) oLte.I
4)1 1;j4: 11! s Lrbs
re. 0A. J c)14:.1-4...A7S L
It would be correct to say:
'r Jr
Y.
sr:I1t-4 I) 0u-41,56,y L
rt-:"" " 01-4,6,y L
jm Lalibra J1
JA, J ohtUb tTebiC
incoirect
correct
incorrect
correct
incorrect
correct
1.9
140
He took his books home.:
They wash 'ed their clothes.
W. took our books home.
I took your book home.
We washed their clothes.
He took our books home.
.04
GRAMMAR DR/LL THIRT2
JjIJ; %II kir 4/41' tr
j I Jr.,: islaL 4.( j .tor. J
Jo. JJJI
1.4 jI 441
s. J1 ax les 4.1 ,7,1 1.!-0,1 o
J1 isSt).4 ! %I-1>A.;
V4jjjJiJJ 44- ksj .1) TY
4:44. 4j1"...0.;1AN V)^*
X-Ce. J 4-;k0.11 J3tv JI
(V4AIJ J.:11 0 ; .JA-.1
I
44)1 J J J.Le J OUU.SIT
Art.'1.) C) 'LI** J cs: Li .Phool rS' 44)1 4;.tei tr, jV-te I t
Jj. Lt. I
01 61/400:4, 14. 1-96 0.41 I
Jjrcret Lui J Y
coLtrel IA
Lr. rt.... t...0k1/21-6 J.p. %:-.1 1 1
Y
iniee JS° jPl" tri N. 174 41V; Are. 1
x.Sre jjais &L. N.L.t Y V
.1/4-Lte j.ru ts= ot 1.4 :)k1/2..t-ob OIL" ik
44". j) is; c.,~ L.61 d*A".4 lAs t,A; jmou ti I J; j u_i o
41
50
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY
r.:46ijaa .4; uldif 404.$1 L T1
S' La.) yhab. .1"If
441AA. IJ OW) ,n 4.P.e T A
LI%) ,m° T I
4.44. `-;4s 0.-;4.t; -r
jLsLt I.T.T
T ...L41:frye ob J1 ag- L: -rr.4,41.01c. JI 4):63 JI J. Le
far;
1-4:4 L 441)Y4. ob-41) 1-4-fte.° -n4..11-4:.-,4-r Le 1J 04:26 ,*
_razjt-t; ai .11.0 Ar. 414.- 40-4 I) .olar. 0.4; J
)1.! 1544. 4;/s4 01;404 145 a" IJa csS t
41.; Jr.) I J 40.4 bigS J rSij 14.4 t t
tT e.g.rjjAtJ
4.44. j-4j. dib IJ Obf. " Yt A
L Ls I IA .... 0
42 Si
GRAMMAR DRILL.THIRTY
I '-'1: ci.A. L ''' '74: J o I
T Jr...L.'. .....1 yr j 1 0,:...cL. 4.,. j Ael _ cs
.. o r
4:4)5lb' 41.; ijiir° 111/4 NV. kej A 1 ; I 61.4f 0 t
L..4 tolic o o
Th.r.40 1 Lei) J.r. J4).11%) jAr. J a...S" ire LJ 01
T J if cjLi 44 J 1 .1/4),,v c..cL, 4.4 4546) J 0 Y
t 417. .144ASI-414; 0),.;:,..04S.L41 .).4k, 014,4$Z1 1
a-uo 1 J.,1 1 .}A dd.-
4.4 .$..tj c...0 ji; 4. (s* T
444 g' }itf.r Lt jIi4t4 r
r" jl'hitv. tf 4:44 4r.
14 .14 1-i- ft-4
Atz;j j j U- WJLAse jive* 1YJ:Ar j:4! L:S4.tt J 1 A
UJI.TA-s,r-441
4). C ! i 1.1 0...0
C.1/4 Ji aZ.A. j I 4)
6:1.4 Ucj:446 djU L j1
JJ 4j LI 1.41ti4. 4"Le*:" I
66.:4 5.1 Ltt-4...ks L
4:Js%; LaLelatAd./
4352
RZA.DING THIRTYt.
Ar" . ."
L.)
t &, .:JT. )40.? !IL?.cA
d.,....,4.1,--4.44.1")/1.0.),1..
I u:::6)/Pil,4,),L,,,L.,L)). I cr!,),.; t
question' on Reading:
.f )1 .1/41 1 1 J.k.r
LS
j.I.Ar. 411.)-4:. .440 t41
cA-4 Uatt -%; 31
f 1LA1.1.4.0x..) 64.).1 'I
.".4" Leib Ld'
.)*4.1:J tr 31
k1/4-4 14,)r 4,054:14: IJA. LA ". L.%) 4s;
jj 1So:41 4$%1?-4z,
Jstl ;j4., 111)4: Argre
53
T
rt
o
I
c
e
'11011111011C THIRTY
tree each of th following items la sultanas:
i. I L.0:, .14 Li. 65
45Si
Jt.
Y
Jatj1j5
A. A
VOCABULARY THIRTY
who, wtich, that
after
awakesir
A
to wa, (up)
asle ep
to,-sleep
0
ta awaken frod sleep
to fall asleep
exezcise
to exercise
wash basin
N
shower
to take a shower
bathtub
warm water
shampoo
liquid
4fs
41/21;1 Jail..
j tirr'1*
1 1
I. 1.0 ati)
02-Vat'
sr)st.7
'tau
Cr.L.
to use
totel
dry<
!
VOCA,BULART
to dry, to wipe
to become dry
comb
to comb
front
mirror
razor
to shave
pencil sharper
beard
electric shaver
tooth paste
to put on clothes,to dress
bedroom
94'
-
.cd J.)C k-Argh
41.61,
11111"111.
d.LLI
St
4161..)
I); .rtyd
Y
LZSSON 2HIRTT-0113
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-ONE
Drill the reflexive pronoun oy the following items:
T
je, 4.141-
rjeeir4L1/27)JUrJ>i-o*
a.4
r-kt: edajd., r--r-
Cale. to 414TJJ 1)C. J Sr'
44 t1 1.A.pt ..1.0" J1
artatt, ts. 4.;.41 jjlj L
ArZte J 1.) ),A-T-
IJI'
J 41:1 J j L. L177-
ok. J 4:1:1 J LI 1. .4- Litt
rIttd144e1dJUrii- .1/411c,
01:3 44-16I 14-4
49
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-ONE
to polish
Drill verb JiLA1 by the following items:
jtj
I..; r-ta
4:4 Ji."- 1J
jeLpS)
'JL)i bautaJr. Jit.p.S1 lj 01146' t
Vs1,LLJ011.4.
mijit,(JX UaLt. 446 I >34g4
r; r-aff r-;1
to wear a tie I 31;
Drill verb L.) ..); i.:1.131.).5. by using the following guidelines:
4; ;rt.:. 1114 ce j
50
PERCEPTION DRIL,I, THIRTY.ONE
t c. .)-14 "
to close 07.46:
Drill verb cilialby uping the following forma and guidelines:,
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Present Tense
Past Tense
junctive
Vir
A.,J1J Jr.
PERCEPTIO,N DRILL THIRTY-ONE
4.- Le r: Cie
S'
S' J (s
rt. asgt, Id %L.I.bac
. I:LAS 1.46.4t.) .
..Lr 4j CrL; c) Lid
J L;
a1' dte 14-1
t444.:14:1.)jJ...-00,A?6.r.
to wear a belt fi.i ate."C
4e. 6411 "xv \ti
Ai ukt.. .1 t:jUtti
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-ONE
to like
Drill verb 0 4s1at .0* with ii by the following items:
Jra. .1 jt :3 4411'
1-s-L)-11-1 iji
aisJI41,-
v %Or.*
)1
4.:le 1.1.6)1
.1/414-
t 1.4;1 oLft..1
v .114
4..4;
#
waim
mw
:
dal
4C
4. 4
0"1
0
Cv
.18
#
Vull111111311111
64
P 0
D/A:LOGUE TRIRTY.ONE
Jr'...; " ; IL" Z"°
10- Litioll
TIlIJr.0 d
_r
. raw tp:4.)- J r;1 'Zee 411
.1. 4.4 tc I ob.luitc ri J
);#. ." I j (yak
'44 IJLkJ 0eo
T ;:.krCl J CJI:1444Z ; J !-6
Ij L4TL4Iw 4.;
L Yr-,),e 41::--hz.1)IJS 4411 0411%;)-L4 ea?
T4-.:;-....k11)1i-CLe-iA)-1-.J L., A/:.% Iv Ls-A / I / I iS (rib 15
/LI 4;1 %LI um .1.:1 /A-04
Lp4; rt )1,14 "xt ji tru:t.: es.44.-ib
.r,Lirozi,46.13.1.1....4.... 4.4 ik
55
64
iv
DIAIOGUE THIRTY-ON IC
(Translation)
What did you do yesterday morning after you took a bath?
I dried myself with a towel and went to the bedroom.
2. Did you,dress in the bciroop?
Yes, because py closet is'in there.
3. Is your bedroom large and spacious?
Yes it is and I can asily dreJs there.
Which of your shoes did you wear yesterday?
I wore the black shoes that I bought the day before yesterday.
Sow,mapy pair of shoes do you have,
Altogether, I have five pairs of shoes.
6. Do you sp.ne youl7 shoes every day?
No, I only shine them on Saturdays.
7. Do you have to wear a tie with the uniformt
, Yes, I have to wear a'black tie with the uniform.
8. Do you wear a tie with civilian (petvonal). clothes?
Sometimes I wear a tie (regular) and sometimes'a bow-tie.
9. Do you gear a belt usually, or suspenders?
I always wear a belt. I don't like suspenders.
10. How much time do you need for dressing?
I need about twenty minutes (time).
6556
GRAMMAR ANALY.SIS' THIRTY.-ONE
Reflexive Pronouns in the Persian language are as follows:
gYielf
yourself
L118 himself
1. As reflexive prounouns:
Example:-
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
J1Jr>"of 61.0.;1 I asked myself.
+Al j I b. Jet.i. ;I Ask yourself(yourselves).
Xj.e. 63"..pt J L He talks to himself.
et...LA, 4s. dUhtl cola jdo 1. We see ourselves in the mirror.
2. As intensifying adjectives, they emphasize the pronounsor nouns to which they refer:
a- myself, yourself, and tc.
Example:
A 57
ORA,MMAR ANALYSI-S THIRTY-ONE
Jj1 Jr IjØ. ji 'He needs it himself.
J jV J *7'14 6) .0" tj. I need -the book myself.
rt-i. ik.A. 14-41 U L:S 014 J L. We(ourselves)will give you thobook.
w 4utdie LA The guests will come themselves.
1,- my own, your own, and etc.
Example:
r-h r tr o I will give you my own book.
1-iPjek5 .V.A.:LS His book is on his own table.
r-i-b Lkf >71 1: We went there with our own car.
c,..;lta We stay in our own house tonight.
J.0- is also,used'as an emphatic partiCle meaning "self". Itpreced e!. the word it emphasizes and takes Ate ezafe.
Or
Example:
42. Jjk. 'I J.10. It was he hioself.
.1.0- mean "that liery" and "this very" respectively.
58
l)
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-ONE
t's
r 141;h, U01 ot I I
I bj44 ; ;S:);1 017*.A.i.` J
I 1.>,S tJI j1.!.., 45,61 o
I ji J1r,
TQ.4.1.01 Jks ji AAA- ...19
I b trhale A) 1"..%
441 4'4-1j 0%244' JA "r c....tajt.ls. j..
tr I Jb.t1 re.L,"'
1.4 it! 1 I
L.445
14.4cAlf t
4"; o
Zia. I erreml; col J.:**e iya
Jr; :Ages. jj. 14.4 1 Y
59
GRAMMAR DRI,LL T,H.IRTY.ONS
.4;) dir I
1 44A y A
tit-6-14 6; T
.1/4;je.A i4.); L1;0 r
t Jr; A, 4 44-4 >he Lb;
d-i:t4J6 troA-10-Lti rTcd tz I igise, r r
j 14.4 J.;.: _r t
t xv.sfjl rot jr. xt. .0-4.
c.":141:4. 4:...msJ1,14,4.h." rj j lt j I
Jr. 4;1 j LA*1 6J3.144 'Lrt "4it.41 ij j UP I frtlI*4 hook J an,
t Jr. X.pa: 4, tVjLLjlL.j1 10.4
1/41-:" JXj1 01441 t rL.141 I . ,r1;1 _t
jej LeJat.st 0;1:.1 I :a ji _t o
kle Ltt 411L,,r1 a I 1'6;1 LI t
it L. 0-11L.#1 laijlLIS 41 Le IS 44 _VA
ig 1)1. " t
j4.1%.% r Lra IS >el teliakry his. ao .0
60 S9
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-ONE
.gi-j4;$ t,A; 00
_orI 44j 0 t
rib 11,7....141 .14)1 0 0
%); 4:1:a.i ).x L jt J 0 1'
_ oA
JaT 44.e.) 1,M1 b J OP j; I 11 jja 0 1
:0.) 3.<*litam.; Lke L. 5;1 L 012.,
I II 6.?,- .1 1
VJj,JJ?_,Id") J.'S..
cjb J dire _I) Le L'S 1 tI at J.jti 0
1).91 14.4 .-1
JI J j 'le J 144 y
J.. L l .1 A
-te 44°.) 114%, t.)L-4 1-4-:%; 1 1
ti.1/414.1...-1544,L6jv-tfUvAI V.
44 Li J Y
V. .L.....ataS Y
c"1.1).41 yr4: %IL-At
I 4 4711 5.4 417:A° 7.1.) Y 0
61
READING THIRTYON1
, ,
cPT. "/,/i-.d 17 3 1 .14i-ed'fiv/44
, .
40V A-!;-w4j'.0v.
0
/ . ..11 A.e:Leofc.j,1? c?. (it ilI )(.1 a 0 141
,
/ / 4 ; /;90,4tLf/ ivVill i 0
. ,,1 Jii.I L.:1V 9 .i.I.A411 Of; 'At,/
oc , (» 3 CoL% ,dk '11)11
'off' J.1
,
Questions on Beading: . )))j.k..4«. Ls- 414. 1 1 (." Apa 1
6T' I
1101(1110RK TEIRTYOIX
Use *soh of the following items in & sentence.
Example:
r:-;) 3.0%, gyi -tor
r
duu-a :LAS _r
j1
A')i"
63 7:2
VOCABULARY THIRTY-ONE
myself
closet
large
place
roomy, spacious
comfortable
comfortably
pair
altogether
to shine, to polish
tie
to wear a tie
sometimes, occasiona/ly,once in a while
bow7tie
to wear a bow-tie
belt
J }A-
ti;;Im
Clibi*41:
c'JA,S1
VOCABULARY TAIRTY.ONE
to close
I close
I oloSed
I must close
to wear a belt
suspenders
to wear suspenders
to like, to be pleased with
I like this
- I don't like this or thisdoes not please me
always
ft
Present Root atthis verb is " 4eN
6 5
,
dada:.
r 4;1. ts
4.4
414:
LZSSON'THIRTY-TVO
t7r:q
66
PE..RCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-TWO
Drill the future tense*of verb H -t o go" by the following forms
and guidelines
Infinitive cil4P)
Present Root jv
Past Root
Past Root
Future Tense
:,-;) u-kl
JAI
r...A I
4'4 I
X.S I
Present Tense of Vorb
-r-°1
I
- %ALA I }"'
ati 4t4-
iwti
PERCE.PTION DRILL THIRTY-TWO
jjab i
T X.A 1 ;pd. La.1.41 0 Ltd
T jj L I
T L.IS 4,4
c-jj JvAt .P6
.g..1% 1 ,hal 01
.4:j4 I }i &do) Jar I
T ar.A I JO- L 61),;4:,
.1/4.011 ?41, j1 tsul.
Drill verb " arr., - to set" by the following items:
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
68
77
Jr..; alas-
J 41...i
T 44zr I.) ;It* ti
PERCEPTIO.N DRILL THIRTY-TWO
Drill verb "
am I)
¼4 b I .i.ijca
t 4.-t I.) JAL-tt u;-..A.
tut.1%; JJ61.)-0,4:* LO
4.01.4%. A. 4.01 ste La-t
Li 14u1
4q. 6.4
hie .1/4-1.>i- ;-:%*. LPL' 44'
,ISA. to poi! with the following items:
Infinitive 03.41,iS
Present Root
Past .Root
697s
J2,E2.Q.ent_Anal
NI 4:4 kr,
JI
redi 4se 1.
6.
PERCEP1TION DRILL TR/RTT-TWO
ts
Drill verb "
fi! 4A. ;1..4
4,..)1.4.
..A;j1 0L.6.41
1-4 1J-t;
J J. :$ NAS
ch¼)l4. L''IC 01:1bS "
L! k..J1 4).51-t
Jiti .11
4%Cbreb.Cct
4::,,t Li-jee 11 s
1*-z
..1)1 Jatif Atte
- to trouble" by the following items
'79 70
S t,10:1 4146!`
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY...TWO'
c,r-'44 .01rTT
f.a.1.1;*
L.:, J
r7ls.
71 SI)
I '&
f I
ja 9
h ' Wil 1,
rt.
e
t1) 4 .t
@ (P 1
-eltnitnWPAIia...1111110 1"i-11122i!
1-015 '
411112ft , I ANE-------1',1IIIINik_
,
.alithee.
lf
1
EV; 1.44
fl A Ar",1).., TO 0;19.pqr :tles.S
/.1111111-0.2
=MU
V''
DIALOGUE THIRTY-TWO
444.1 .11.) 1
NI 40;
r Art J.;%41.' 4$4 c".",Air Lt a IA, rib hol al4A tit di a;
çJIJJI4 ..; ts1 j 1
tv,-611. 014.3 r ikj1-6.t.; 41, )0(."
fr;S44 0-111- b iv-<44'4.
mt I-61.1-i- );.
14 obttit, .1/4-413-keks.X tr
141-4.b.6 1.$ ;gm .1J r >6" .1trishf
I L jillr 4j1S Y....6 I ;I:. )61114- tC
44)1 61 JV j 4:+4;
z... I L416...t.: .}1.44 IAA .44
.1
JIJ 67.1,46- 1.1s- ,'" dir"be tis4 I
T
rj.c.ZZA 41.14S) I Lc; I J.4,-, .,s 1; I I
DIALOGUE THIRTY-TWO
(Translation)
1. Mr. Rad, what are you doing.in the kitchen?
I'm busy cooking, because-I'm having a party tor
2. Then I'll go home and won't be a bother.
No, please Mr. Tehranva, you stay for dinnerloo.
3. Thank you, but unfortunately I'll be busy tonight.
Then at least sit down and let's:have a ,z.up of tea together. .;
4, Thank you. Do you Wan'tmi tO help 7/ou until the tea is ready?.,
I would be very grateful,
,
5. What, do. you want me to do for you? .
Pleaso set the table.
6. Fine. Where are the tablecloth and dishes?
They are all in the dining-rObm.
7. Where are the knives and forke
The knives and forks are on the table.
Ek....Do you have the spoon for the salad?
it's right therr next to the plates.
9. By the way, when will the tea be readyl
As a matter of fact, Ws ready. Come into the kitchen and let's
drink the tea.
10. It was very good Wa. Goodby Mr. Rad.
Goodby Mr. Tehranee, thanks for your help.
s3
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY-TWO
The Future Tense
The future tense is formed by the present tense of the auxiliary vert
" al."1.01---to desire" without the ( ue ) followed by the past root of
the verb.
kicample:
r...10 J.+ tys
z;)
se.rA I
1.4.J. I Is. 14.4
:1.4) I L..tte I
I will go
you will go
he will go
we will go
you will go
they will go
The negative is formed by adding the prefix ( j ) to the auxiliaryverb " ki..01J0.. --to want".
Example:
De Imperative
I Will not go.
They will not go.
The imperative is used only in the second person,singular and plural.The imperative singular is formed by the addition of the prefix ( )
to the present root. The plural takes the personal endibg ( 44).
Infinitive
Present Eoot
75 84
.0
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY7iI;11,0
Imperative
Infinitive
Present Root
Imperative
Infinitive
Present Root
Imperative
e
sing.
pl.
eat
COM
sing
84ipl.
If the present root ends in ( 1 ) and ( ) a hams* ( ) isinserted before the personal ending ( 414 )4
Example:
4
(4.4111:1
In compound verbs the prefix ( / ) is often omitted, in which easethe imperative singular is identical with the present root.
Sxample:
cpcj LS- sing.
41,4 JIY ph .
to work
work
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY.TWO
04A;Le to open
k.; L.: sing.
-4.) Le pl.open
The negative of the imperative is formed by replacing the prefix (by the prefix (
.1).;
dr. 10;
don't go
don't stand
,don't eat
don't came
don't wyrk
Nblunctive contipued
6- Conjunction 12.(until, so that, by the time of, as long as.)
After ( b ) the verb appears in subjunctive form.
Example:
b Jed J.u1 J. Don't eat until you get hungry.
-
J.4 hud,.i-J.16 0-1,14 .1146 By the time you come the teawill be ready.
77
ORAMMAR,ANALYSIS THIRTY-TWO
.14.sA I j.ila b As long as you don't study youwill not learn.
78
88 6L
o ri fr, rr rCVrr;::rcir:Irie:p 3
an fic: rk* r r rel
3
43, A IC mc: -1-Tr or" r r-rvl-e*F-C j
AA
IA
4!" -sr* n r-P Ir.°4 3
vri'd Ir A:4 S
f Ifv.4r° r1 "trC S
1, 1 1
Y1 LI In 1r rfrei r 3
A 1
1. 1 II *4'1er) rrr rYr 3
o 1 fer 7-A rt-re or7r r 3
3 1 "" 16rA vt-r 3
1 rer r -1; er .p.-ttrr s
rrtl C vrtirc r I I r -Fr rr r s
I I 1 pirrc r .0- rr r7, 3
t"1 aorrc r 4rr Y lc lerrc r rr 14..7,
A s fir 17-xr-c-C ;$' 3
I. 71 111741r-0 71^ `71,13r
0 1,174ff'Srr 1,""r 1".'":".'
3 -71: r=r jr*fr g":r s
.19 r4 7.1 r rp 1, 'rtfr
irtr'n ;afr-CP C r!, I r 3
1 irtf-51 fP eff r 1 ;-rrcr r-^ 3
ORAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-TWO
80
1 >iv. j ti.AL -t1:-.61)**. 41d).4 t rJ.)1 JaJtsujit.... L.J1 t
j JLr dv are t 1
ar. ("Ifj L.J tJtj J j ?di j t A
L'JL-7%;- t Io
s9
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTI-TWO
1,
t 1.4;li 0 I'
4... I jj hii 1.4.1).6 rot
1.1.c Lilt?. j.tli 0 0
LiLtr. ..DIS 01T .1/4)1 j JIS .0 Y
44)1 J rj j;Lt;:f kVo J.Z1- OA
lj Lab 0 I
4..)1 oblk's
44)1 jle 1.4 cdhi :7-1 1
fJ1:44. .1) ri T
rtjAjeks b,..JLek's6
r ra.zus 4,s rear t.ss 0
r 0k:A Ns' -.1
r A, 01:ANS IA- 1 Y
obAS 1 A
t 61/4)14 441 IJ k:)1:4-10K -1/4L: 1
t JI ;IA. ./.) kizi; Y54 4)1 4je. %7.6-41.1 .141:.
?tIj3 4A I ,t) 1) L4, k .VT
cs 1.) 1.41,ti.te Ltd Yr.9) yt
4:1.4 cd1 ouir.k.1
READIIG THIRTY-TMOI,,
,
Ajbk)L41/t)%,:"0:01;,,iCAel'AII)jiljtAY%20:>1 Jill/450)0g4
. .
(6'1 ;,411 »Agri) Le;ld 1);),*: ), LfrL.'IS - 00..
3 .40,da yd;v0.
"IJ,;;(.; kb c gjA /I I) (d),11 d/V.
J >fcr t' ) );!4#1.74, ),1:4
Questions on Reading:
1,yet
/04, Le;c0,0,4,
T I 1.$ r.;
Xj1Jc) 1+44 .a; cjLtd T
x_a aut.. ar 1.4* _rJ.) I irI di jr ks 0;1 J.4;
le. L4 ujI142
414 lit)'47 r;13%.' Ls5'.
.0 I juoir I Loji, y
JJI 44. itA id 14iJi° tsC
4"t orl.(."' L.61 h.:di 3 Z` C)14. 1
HOH1WORI THIRTY TVO
Use the.following items in a sentence:
lxample:
,1) j
e
83
92
4Lj1,;j ..Y
.20t1.2) -r
Lt.
VOC.ABOLART THIRTY.TWO
kitchen
to cook
cook
busy
party
to bother, to intrude, to trouble
but
at least
to become grateful
dining-table.
dining-room
to set, to arrange
I set
I set
I must set
I will set `1/41" t.J
,4.) Jast r,.
jj0-1021present root of thisverb is crA-11
ritrum
84 93
VOCABULARY THIRTY-TWO
take...cloth
a diab (container), receptacle
diohes
cup
knife
fork
spoon
plate,
the same
the same place
, to put
I put
/ put
I must put
present root et thisverb is
85
9 4
J
J JIS
J
LESSOR THIRTY-TRW
95
86
PIROXPTION DRILL THIRTYTERI I
Drill the past participle by the following items:tt
Infinitie
Past Roots
Past participle - I C.. I J
Infinitive
Past Root
Past participle ( )
fInfinitive
Past Root
Past participle ( )
Past marticiple
4) or,87.0,
Q
1,1110113T 101 DRILL THIRTY-TRW0
J
.11
Jk'....t.1
I
I J.; jjo
41
J. .p.i
Jss
Art )4 4.) -1/4-4 .N
4..
A
Cho: I %IS' 0:9011
Jj1 e
Drill the present perfect of verb A.:T with the following items:
Infinitive
Past participle JAI
Present perfect I a J..1 ( I have o one)
4)11 1:$ 414"
88
/
91,
PBRORPTION DRILL THIRTY-TRW
.1.40. 4161 4.4.) ljjaI
N
ts; 1)-0
I 44 L.; 4..v 441 cj 4)514 JI
<44
1/41 j.)1S,s 1464
41 40.40 40.)4; Lte,
° J.0, J-1; La' .3
si 4,1 G.:, ,.; tj 14-4
31
89
98
PBRCZPTION DRILL TH,IIITY-THRSZ
jl::..f4,1
Drill verb " .*ti-i-1,6; to sell" with 1 by the following items:
-' Infinitive_
. I
Present Root
Past Root
Present perfect 1.1 43S- IA;
41.4
90t.?
PIRCBPT ION DRILL THIRTTTHRZZ
Drill verb to ser with the following items:
Infinitive.
Present Root
Past Root
!,)
1-
)5.
Ls 61
r;SA. rfa r:415
jb
41.r.
4:1.5.TrA.
h.Q
"5.e J.;.se I .ore... L:41
cz:pg . . .
Je."-Z Cd "Ss a..0) 441 441:4 I al
k
*AO.-
IaI II i`11
1.1
legoWM' "1113Jhrwl
,f0ww01*
fr..ar,paMu=
Tall4C1?IN I 1,4
tryffiryj
*
c.
?71 :±1..!Minin EJIl
friVL21
1,A
PrZrall I:W.: IEEE
DIALOGUE THIRTY.-1'11REB
rf
jj1j4e..11,561
isucLAr. AN 4; b cp.
..t j jLLJ JJLAtJ .4
b u z A4 31 . t d i 4 L I
Ase jt-r " 'A11Zrot I j ,'.:k L a LA ...t
Are .J a LA 4;1.;...vut1.4.3 1-.?;.I 0
6,Z66 I 4;101. 11%;"!'it. I if.4 01, C6!J I
4* J.! tjAhe LAA )1.51
ribi,-,1-4 I, " 1-6! 15I I J
Tir.j1J.aj,ksjIdsi,-re. J J.; j
iba... I .; 1.! rh .1.41.4..Ati I
41/
Tr.! J1. -46;1; 6L4-A Otr 0261" d-rt'' J
1 z..3.4$ sL. 151
rrY
Jp.! rAbl);. AL"... .ct; :+11 L. 044." .V
. ILr IJj$
p
D I.AL00110 TPIRTY-THREE
(Translation)
1. What did you do last. Saturday Mr. Akbaree?
I went to Perayesh "store" with one of mor friends.
2. I've just come to this city. Where is Pergyesh?
Perayesh is on.41ezar Avenue.
3. 'What "things" do they sell in this store?
They sell almost everything.
How are'its prices?
ftelatively expensive, but its merchandise is very good.
5. Are there any stores other than Perayesh here?
Of course, but Perayesh is the largest of them.
6. Can you give MO itS address Mr. Akbaree?
With pleiture, and if you want, I'll take you there.
7. I'd be very grateful. What day,dosou have time?
How.about going there tomorrow night?
8. Did you say tomorrow night? Is Perayesh open at night too?
Yes, it is open until nine o'clock.
9. Fine, what time do yom want us to go there.
ItiWill be all right if we go about seven o'clock.
10. Then I'll be waiting for you at six..thirty.
Ooodt Until tomorrow night, goodbye.
*to
94
1 93
G,RAHMAR IALYSIS THIRTY-TRW
Past uarticiultA
The past participle is formed by adding the silent 'h -4." prmosied by" to the past root of the verb.
Ixampler
Infinitive
Past Root Jr'
Past participle 4
InfinitiviN
Past Root
Past pirtioiple
to tray
to close
close
Infinitive to writs
Pest Root
Past participle written
The past'participle (beside. its IMAO as noun or adjeotive) is used inthe formation of the compound tenses of the verbs.
Ftesent Perfect
The present perfect is formed by the past participle followed by theshort form of the present tense of the auxiliary verb "to be - cp:,131
f
,
GRAMMAR ANA,LYSIS THIRTY-THREZ
I c..)1_44
I have bought
7' You hese bought
he has bought
ve have bought
yam Wive bought .
they hpffs bougM
'
^
/ The present perfect Is used for an action in the past the results ofwhich continue to be effective or apparent *after the action itself.
Rawls:
LI_ t J; I ;A- %7-1:4'c
briA
...do I Je),,i%);:a j
I have read this boat;
I have written ay homy**.
H. has-bought two pairs Of-shoes.
I d.Ji m.j sCA: tt. djb I have jut come to this sohool.
4:10.0.01 )15°.) j Re is sitting in class.
Re is wearing black shoes.1 .art .4)1
In the last two examples although verbs c,-.14r-0-.11 and Q....I *4,4art in the form of the present perfect in Persian, in Baglish themeaning is conveyed in the form of present progressive *is sitting' and."is veering".
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-2111111
fgs
41A
31. 1-44tHSJ".N40;i:-..1 .1w
T cracjJ h.L.:4) t
1*-4'r
r I use,;.,
T jay
j.4.4' 0411 dill' is; .1L.,s4tatlj.:4 I
z:....1j)...;14 j.vitl61.A6 IT6 ls..Ar I r
Th.....1c4j.;46 61;A: cs; I)** tT .1....14"tttorm 6 1.1:At I o
4:- I oLeL.,.-4- ri J.istIkt. 11c-1)-4.4 rld)JA Aiv 1/Y
u. J _T xats 61-;.*J
t AA's. Y1r As.o. AA, jts 6 U.. J 10.Z Y
T j1S).4.?, 4:40 J L s 6.4.) ilfA rL.r. I Art jtr. IAs 6 L. j J t
T .i. 6 c,
9? 196
.71
.
0.1111.1(,KAR.DrIlai THIRTY-M23
0
173
01.)5131...:1 .Y1I ,01;j late. IAN, øj t.;.%). L. I .1* If
Ate: I I A
.11 Ai, 14.4 I
4; j r
i r t
"kr.° At-tg
r o
JA. J.) L4L?- 0'4;1 J-itr.) .1)-'1e- 1414 I"43
ks.A. r* jAj Ls L $ dJ I ç atea....01:>1%. .t..
1.44)..;:. .0- Le I I of.«
4rk, z... I (A. t T
Lit, b j mat t rIP
tJr. j.j.e j jja I sl.. I ...
?k1/4.4).C44
I %V, :14.113.A.Z14 je J14.0 t 1
1, 41A 'Jet ,r1 ,IJIk.jLte 1. y
les try l; JIAS Le . A
14....1)itev.JJa,e4)L6l: ElL.) 14.1411 ..01-4 ( j14 )JI ) *
G8AKK Ali.DRI L.18 TN/ RTTTHill
,1
tiziS1)-1 L.t Lao
c:-.35. Lir LA? .11 o
.1/476 _Ile L.: .01'
414 I r, L:44 1
. Jr..A J-61>Aetr'ob.f.Ai-
' J.11 ILIr' .0 04. 4Atio-do .1 9.1,4c.is
146141
01
Cr,1 :jo..1%.*; dAt) ,A* Jj; j5 L o
0A.9 ?jJI o
.1/4 J jiitaLto.:...* 44..r ..14 6.1'4 .A1CI's L):°' 1 1
f ast j.t, '31 x.r. 1j..ft .14.41 .r
rat:m I Jleu. j.ts 44- t-lic,;;A L. 0
1' 1 40 L. 1,) 1)41 uS
f ..11 tr. LS' 01 ce Y
18 4,41 1.1S 1 1j 1 Ait,,k) 4,141,14.:t.,:j1.jb. .11
S6C..40 01 J.4: I aj LI IF. 11,1/41 j.dv.16 1 19.4 Y 1j41 oLja . V I
AO Ai; ,Ja. is " Yrp.
y tC.**1 41) J.JtS. ob '0)7: .1
1111.DI IG THIRTY- TRW;, . / 0
-47.4rtoo,
*
itri 01 ,31' LI CI JA :90011 4:)4;)
, / 0 01'?
alj'°(or °V41 .q.<)t°' 0 r . '.* A'
JX1i0 /01),41I,
I # ktli' I
9140A.'J '"Aii t' Lf14 11 cp: k
'Questions on Reading:
JO to,4561 .A.S1 6461 ilk, T
.01 cji...,L.fr rid.) J02,41,4, .)
djLj I ti 1.p.0
,";1 I% J43-;) "IN t$61 J151 4$6.1
jltv
g 4; 41, aj.esel 61
j c.,.%3LAtljev.
JA51
J ri s/ eS I) trq.6.;...r. ajts1 a 61 1.,$.4.
C'
,1P
-
110111110RI THIRTY-MAN
Vas the fl:Lvies items in a sentiaoe.
411.40 LC: .1.)
. .$41 ut:-A 1 0
ra;it, eil
A
9
VOCABULARY THIRTY-THREE
ladt
last Saturday
friend
friends
city
store
to sell
I sell
I sold
I suet sell
I will sell.
I have sold
goods, aerchndise
'adept, besides
other
of course, certainty
0
present root of this verb
is ..11.20
1:1,5
4.;
1'7.4 Jr. tl
I
TO0A3ULART THI,RTY.THR1X
possible
is it possible?
with the utmost pleasure
to say, to tell
I say
I said
I must say
I will say
I hays said
waiting, expecting
to be waiting
to wait for, to await
present rootverb is
103.1
this
Je J145 L:
lik;s
re:AA.
1jokiads
A,
eJ.4
LESSON THIRTY-F,OUR
104
PERCEPTION,DWILL THIRTY-FOUR
Lr-N - to cook
Drill the verb 0;044; , using the following examples:
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Present Tense
Present Subjunctive
Present Perfect
Past Tepe
Future Tense
Th
4.
dA'sit
4
r;*. ai 4. ci*
C4-iN ...Li jj.; J 1.fl
105
4' 1
a:4S
Cd1-4:T kr )4. :77-1It
..ls)v if di- r-41"1
J
114
ft
PERCEPTIQN DRILL THIR.TY-FOUR..'-'
4r4. ths
I di 44.:
jte le J.Lr
J I di el, L )1; 1.)1
44*.*ON irj
() tr 1.4-'64:* 1J1
34)::
vc--A4 &r Lej 144. 1).:
4.) 1.14.4 to smoke,
Drill the verb .) )1Sr using the following examples. Onlyis conjugated.
-Infinitive
Present Root
Past 'Root
Present Tense
Present Subjunctive
Present Perfect
Past' Tense
rt-c.
r
.106
P,ERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-FOURo
Future Tense
,i1:41.:A %)".."-`
Ai Kr. jLP
r144,...tt; J11...Lval
J10>vo
%kr:1S J81 JI4 J1 J-1%1 'I
the verb 0 J; J te.," , using the following examples. OnlyJi is conjugated.
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTT-POUR
LA
4.-S.) t) Jo .1) Q.)1131-
.44L J 31 Amijkl.i.
ad...,
Lesi
..3417:: 01.A 4A. Jits-
L IS90
108 1 1
J
J1-4--tr
)14.-
10trzt";,; ?
0
.4"It
109
f
DIALOGUE THIRTYFOUR
i* %L.) I J rjV 1-roje-, d.?,- 4,0 cs.A444 IA,
r)I ksJJA: 64.)-1A:
jAris.
f
JtA I -Ole. rib d Jr.4
rAl.,'irrs. j13;.)4 1 * jj, A.
.1.;-474; j
j%rt.. ..rtrl ;IN ojej %re.
>Ara. er. 4; ,yt J4- t
.1.19 ()LC st 4. 4.4 J
)5. it. 1/44.1 Init... )5. 0
LOIS' 45:).;1' Ob. 4. er761 C.)1)
tn. I-4i I d.)e 01)
r. J.) alLaiii 01)
1jrjV4S.
r Ael) LtirS. a4,..)14; rj Arv -.A
.4; ri 1r,- Jr:"
AVI'J ci -1%) " kr**
rdi 4; CA rj Lrl e4;
1 -0re sA. Jjt-r 14-0
A
110
DIALOGUE THIRTY-FOUR
(Translation)
1. What do you need for tomorrow night's party?
I need two bottles of milk and one bottle ot orange juice.
2. Do you want fruit also' '
Yes, I want three'pounds of grapes and ten oranget.
,3. Do you have potatoes an0 onions?
I have potatoes and onions, but I don't have carrots.
4. How many pounds of carrota do you want?
I think one'pound will be enough.
5. -Do you want lamb or beef?
61
I want a leg of lamb; one large-leg is sufficient.
6. Where do you buy the leg of lamb?
A I,buy the leg of lamb from the butchit shop.on the second Street.
7. Do you need cake and cookies?
No, I'm going to cook (bake) the cake,and cookiet nyself.
8, Don't you need liquor or cigarettest
Liquor, yes, but I don't need cigarettes.
Then you have cigarettea at home?
No, 'but I don't need them either,'because none of the guests smoke.
10. Do you need anything else-besides these?
No, kindly buy just those.
ill 121)
"
3RAMM4VAVALYSIS TH'IRT,Y.APOUR
eth is an adjective meaning "any". It precedes the noun it qualifies.
Example
d
,:j1; Have you Any bread?'
Have you aux money?
With a negative verb it means "none, riot any".
.t
Example:
,
.1 have no bread.
,I:have no money.
A noun qualified by ( , not any ) with a negative verb is always putin singular.
Example:
r,1 X ur eth % I have no books..
4J1 .V 41%. H. has no children.
fl..601.-16, is an interrogative prorioun meaning "any" referring to morethan one. With a negative verb means "none". It is usually followed by( )1).
Example:
112121
ORAMMAR ANALYS'IS ThIRTY.FOUR
1-41!..)1. r Jirt.h
ji
L41,bS,Itli1(;.1.4.1J.cf:LuS-
1.41 j1 ac.,,44b
1.1 Lar*. 0_ L4.: IA4* j 41*-1 %LC
* 1-41rj1f1 d`c%*-6
0
t.
Did you see any of them?
No. I didn't see inz of them., .
Which one of these are good?
1.
Mx of thei are. good.
Which one of the guests smoke? .
4 None of them smoke.
*1.4)111.1.44111
0
t.
44ijp.?%rm has two different meanings: "wee' and "ever". -When it appearsin a statement it means "never". In tbis lase tile verb in the.state.ment always ii negatipe.
Example
*A.+) .11.5 }rt.^.2.
riV4
&LA
He is never home.
We never go to the movies.
Never do that.
When 4:J,1111bappears in a question it may have the meaning of "never"
0 I"
.09
la
4,1
'GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY4FOUR
or "ever". If the verb is negative it means "never". If it is,
efirmative it means " ever".
e
IFO
, I- "never"
T
Lj..t. 5: I
Do you never go to the movies?
Did they never have a Pontiac?
2- J .,yr,st.4. "ever"
Do you ever go to Carmel?
L1 Ikea he (she) ever work at night?
ke
T 4:LAL4ft,A
"mans anyone"
Does anyone'come?
Did anyone go there?
With a negative verb or in answer to a question it means " no one ".
Example:
C.-44.j
1 231 14
No one was there.
No one cable.
No' one is absent.
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS TRIRTY.FOUR
cea and cjikse
The dmonstrative od "this" and j1 "that" can be strengthened
Example:
this very day ,
i_v LAul; that very day
46h 004.6 .this very week
4:106 Oka/ that very week
Lk Cr," these very (these)
Lft c)14.; those very (those)
why
IHr is used in the folldwing senses:
why didn't you go to schoa?
rz.4,1 jts Because I was busy.
It
r zue.; a-t) Aral I don't go to school today.
tHr Why not?
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS'THIRTT-FOUR
1.,Hr is also used as a positive answer to a negative question.
Example:
Didn't you go to school?
Yes I did .
It would be wrong to say ( 441 ) in this case, since ( ) isalways used as an answer to a positive question.
tat) ukto
1.
.
Di& you go to school?
Yes I did.
GRAMMAR D,RILL THIRTY-FOUR
Ls.1.6; ksi
61.4)1 J fj j 111:)4 ;Ls jalae ,,t,Lr. j
t LA41. USA' 41Lrj M.Jta.; kiej1.3wejd jkA
t I aiji ""1
t "L.) -0144 lit.) ,,;"*. ILIJ jjA
t 4.) j I 4..r
aj .2) 01:1" 1
IT siSe jjdub j j.r. 01.1J);...) J I 1
A,1.42 1
...r
Cos. Aj 4.1.;,; ) jSytpah. 1 T.,
4,14.4 tAr.j h 4.1/4 t
1 °
t 41.; 11..d ,Ar4. (AA; r7. 4;6114. tl
I« AAA. j)41* j;:t1 Jtgzz 1 y
I A
I
1' 1
4.4" -45 J.; '-ur LJ .1.) LI jj. T
J...).irt. 41 .$.1. Lea 313%14 "5" r
Lztra off
I 144 .h....1.4; T o
j I J.-..:1).1
t ".01 01) 44°.
t I Jh gc.);t, old
,g tit Lie (1
117,
1 26
r.
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTYFOUR
.4r)LS---1 61 cdlelerj.).StoeLq; Y1Igt.3; Lr.3.4.; 01.31
A
6,/t) Al 61:' trA IS -Pr'rrits L.' ajiks
"; 3**444`t'; "1/4"4 NO":i Uf 1-4"."7 _rtL;;., I $t* L4 _r o
J.A 6.1 r 1
61-4)itm. tis.Art JL) CAU; --ryst J.,.)1.1rA _rA
tit ' I 14. _r IJ.;* 45j J.) Cr"' tt:2...1 Li a:J.14 t 1
T4P-iNAS. 44-iAtJ th4 L ti Lis+. is,r
* im.a Homa (proTier name)
s' .1 it.AI le 41...S, Atr cjk...4; u,a4.. I I 4).; s L t 0
tA
+4. :44. til?"
4:44. 4.)14:01 a); trTilt) LSI... Ls. b I
0
GRAr MAR DRILL THIRTY-POUR
0,140SL:
r o
t .Atrlai,j1 L j1
j1s..4. 6.4)11.1,444, ...or
ob4;1"-A' 9t
£444.014Ji.L. J
rc.,1
4s.f 1,4: 6$ 137 o A
.0,10. vAIS" 4.1;1).4: .0 1
aLtfe. L. 1.4.;1*-s*it 4. I JS'
tAL1,1:. 4.:1;1144....16 .1r=4) .41:.6 latv JJ*1 c.r-. 1 T
4.46 rr 44.4. ot; tsiv-tl. 44 .1 t
Jivetia: J.'s,- LI 44.4' 1
r 4.4 45.0;t47 iek +1
IA LA
01.71.4C Lila! .1..1
r 04.6 0:,.1 .yJA J .v 014A I
Lac %L....4 I .4.41, ..., I
4,:a 1J 41.514 L jJ I %Wiz Akix)
READING THIRTY.FOUR
0
dis4441)f '
Jci
.
.. . .
(4y.
is » Li/AI/40,dA.06:4tfit;
/ /-14,#,/J Lf"1,4,1 Af)s$1,) ?oej ;a:>
et
of
/J41%-1(1).$',)&iir`t):->-)kiLeil,e(ikkhA:>.1()14/(Atf%
10
.,...,417(ji.:J''',14)14.1.-t-7,11
Quutions
a . j ago
V1/4,61.-4fiat.4 0
on Reading:
L. JI; tr-441 45,4d1; 131
X-Ce. J 4;0.m; TTJIVe. ai Lsi L-4jL4* 6: /1
.tio I .0144 d-r, J." 60m d;e.A:4.
141j Ulf jj.:Az iT
VOI5)sd.. jtA.:.
T.i:J1Jtj?EjJa-Cit. Ja.)-12;
*ref 60-4)i;
ti.;At ai 1 J1 III.
JJ.k.. .14 I 6:=4 %r:r
-
HOMEWORK THIRTY- FOUR
Read each of the following sentences carefully and fill in each blankwith the appropriate preposition.
Examples
...0) ao ija ),;.
wel j I
alb 44. ri-m
%*......1 0,1 41.0
1
44 J!)- oLusu 4-44
46 Jr* t I rL' LS
'.u.; I }itgavv 3LW )1S JAI
J 44.) J.
r j,ske
123.
Je4 J ;Is
13t)
J
0
TOCABULAiY THIRTY-7011,R
bottle
orange
orange juice
'fruit
grape
potato
onion
carrot
to think, suppose, inagina
think, I suppose
sufficient, enough
It is enough
lamb
cow
lamb
beef
'leg of lamb
tit
I 3 /122
J
J 6:); hrl
lite; irrm.
jI
ISO (4.1 SO
toMf
cra
TOCIABIII;ARY
butcher shop
butcher
000kie
oaks
to Gook, to baks
I cook
I cooked
mat oodk
I sill oodk
have aolked
st,
beveragy, drink(nostlyalcoholics drink).
to smoke\
whY, Yes(positive answer to a_Intontive quastiOn)
present root of thisverb is iv
132123
`70La:
S494
: -
rho:.
rA
r
WA3I:1W? THIRTYPOTTS
kindly
the same, this sans, this very
the sane, that same, that very
whiskey
which one
1 33
tf
LESSON T.H.IRT.I.FIVE
125134
PERCEPTION DRILL'THIRTT-FIVE
Drill the Verb "
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Present
Subjunctive
Present.Perfect
Past
,Future
to hear" by the following items:
C.
i
14,
4rs I
;...1te ). ,$.1 L.4.
.1.6" L J .jJ . J
J. 14-01 1.)aiL),".LS I .14' La'
tir . .
voice * ..1* music
121 35
PERCE.PTION.DRILL TH,IRTYLFIVE:
I.) ee a.) 4
. 1
1)4: a 61 4S. I d
6ds.; si
fr
Drill the verb "CP-.1,1'..)Lv.YIAto have arsignment"by the followingitems:
Drill "items:
cc
ais.)1A
,4.: d
,
1)1. IA'. L: 44) ini:-t) L. 1...t
j J.J1 J ypt,
amt.; Lik 4. .4.;)1 ,AL c).4.41
Isif 4,2d1_
j din 01)4: (ite 4, 1 J %Ivo) y tsSJT
V .1/411::" 011-Z ;IL JI IsZ,
44
4j4.3) tr.15. II! 04// to visit someoAe " by the following'
A!
iv J14 Jr. uf 4Li:e Le OA
127 1361
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTI..?IVE
ob.) ..$14
Uj Cjt Z 4 J Je. easst S GPAN
Jjew.A140 "bi 0 4, 4, ob.) 46
Drill L'J amr LeJ afby using the following items:
a, J6g; 61 1.) j 4611'
4.i (..61 tAil sts:, 4.);
4.1jif 4.11:P° tit
Je.re. 1/42.11 bJ u1/4
Drill L:0-2, 4.1.3.3i- by using the following items:
40:
dt:' 4.141'
L.4. J
j I .50/. 4.1.4 j : )141`
hkcjt A *AA dif 14-64
18 7
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY.FIVIC
t, himti jl, _tee 14.
f 'e I "d.j... 414.. _t
Drill J 4.)6,1- to intend" by using tile following
*Num: )4741, NI 63 Jiri-
J Akt 4j1 J Le6 ji,sLT
.1)1 30:-.; t: trfr aJ151 41Lii*"
Ak .."1"41L
tj. LO-441
cle 4.v1 L4-1
.4)1Jrjlt-i" )1
J 1.) 6,1
11.
411P11-216%."111.
var
..Ca
A/Meagre
.424:101/spo,,F4rejtehrii":41741141:401,71;FF
-.4;*41
4'
DIALOGUI THIRTY-FIVE':
.O
.10.: 1.).4 J r att.Ltt I
44)..a.e 41,W% IJ ObAjLi.0
146::
4;1414 4%;1.1 obA;61.)-1
J Ape LAJ J 1/4
4"..1.44.6 j j ji"
al...At jftej1.4 j oLte.1
J.:I J 4.0" 15 L.%
ti"-C 14tv I 'A
rt Ave tsr---tC Csc---tS L Llh. (AAA- 4ol-
C414) >A- dt. L.-4 IA l. L I
r AA' 1.4:41 If"'"I A.4
Ar; hte j 614.1.0
ft: iv t:..14:. J L. ot.« Jsas. J
.1144 4r a": 601-1J
Am LikpAt I ata
11) L.AP 40. 6'111 4:A; Le's Of. 1Jifolt, +me I me
rjSytt. kit Jill ;1
_t
.0
V
-DIALO,GUE THIRTY-FIVE
(Translatioh)
1. I have heard you have an assignment to go to Iran.
Yes, and I'm very happy about this "matter".
2, Are iOu going to take your wife along?
Unfortunately, I have to go alone, because Ty assignment is forone year.
3. .Then your wife will stay here.
She'll go to see her-mother and father.
4. Where are your wife's mother and 'father?
They are in Paris.
Have:You ever been in'Paris?
No, but I=plan tn stay there one month during this.tripe
6. Will you go by ship or by airplane?
144 are going.by ihip, because my wife likes to travel by boat.
7. Will.you go from,Paris to Iran by plane? ,
.It's possible I'll go by plane.
8. How many months will'you retain in the capital?
I am going to stay in the capital approximately six months.
9. What are you going to do in the next ssix months?
In the next six months I'm going to travel to other cities.
01
A
10, ,I hope you'enjoy yourself.on this trip.
Thank you for your kindness.
lii
132
GRAMMAR AlIAL.YSIS TIUIRTY-PI111
01 "that and cgl "this" may be either Demonstrative Pronouns orDemonstrative Adjectives. As demonstrative pronouns they stand alone.
Bsamplet
Cz"%rir T What is that?
%.,..411 .1.1} What is this?
The demonstrative pronop (.;fis used to moan "it". Its plural
is used in place of 0140 for inanimate oects and irrationalbeings.
...L.....1.;e6t$10.411
L4IT
They are on the table.
I bought'them yesterday.
In colloquial Persian 1-4.i1 is also used for animate objects.
J 01.1441
J ,t) 411
.v L6:1,5
When used as Demonstrative Adjectivesthey modify.
Lesr
133
They are in class.
I saw them..
Their books are on the table.
Lx1precede thernoun
I bought that bock.
GRAKKAR LIA,IITSIS THIRTY-TITS
J1 J r US 0:1 Hsvsas this book.
k: Le)
:...wo J L:Ati
This lesson is easy.
These lessons are asy.
1..) Lib sr 1.4.31 L';11; J .1 bought those books yesterday.
, :4!It is very easy to mistake the verb .C)=4.) for the verb ii1 . Inorder to differentiate these two verbs, the following explanation isgiven:
t o pass
Present Root Past Root
ig to put
Present Root Past Root
07..AT being intransitive, is used. with the preposition ;lin mostof its senses, while sone of the linglish equivalents pass, cross aretransitive.
JjJ.S.A J mt; LA Ca*
4;66
L 64.)4e
The reeks go by fast
I crossed,ths river
For coning to school I pissed.the first street.
moaning to put, ley 'and place, is a transitive verb.
'/Ixample:
rl k$ .1) r-eLS I put ny book on the table.
AL; J dij river"
GRAMMAR. 11111ALT 8 IS ,T8I-RTT.1ITE.
JJ.I.driNtx I put my 1101107 in wy purse.
JI av ji..4;j1) Put the dishes on the table.
mlso means to jet, allow or perait.
Example:N.
Let him co.
Let me sit'down.
,U didn't let me co.
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-FIVE
S' ; el 0 441;1 3
I "s.:1 Jfrj I ;$1 11
Cz~"irwr. Oh; Aelviv J L.0.4 .PD
S.-J.)1 dr 4:JL.; Jc".1
1,16441
e J.)151 a ea..,
t
Y.4:14- 1.6;1 A
..ted
S' I Add
cArl. 4.41
40.4 kei.j A?: 1
L. at. jei j I
A:6 4." 1 1
j..4 4.1 4:1 14
s':. 4.1 jj.; I t
T ljj1j1,kattiLlelk),..,1 j1 It
T ts 1.) L4.4414. 43111 01;1 31 10.
t4i4i.s egs,t414.0_____ I Y
obAi- 0:41 s_IA
401. 1jmb J I
lia." 6L;A; LA- Y
C:Arsa:* 44°) At' 4.sf d1J4-4 " T 1
T 1.40%, J j..t. I jAib j tn: T
T%:... tam. .m.r. km: jal. T r1 aJ L. 1...4 cx I T t
an« J;,.t. (Az o
GRAM-MAR DRI,LL THIRTY.FIVEl
V
1
.%1... I 41 L. 4:.f. Y
e./..s?jLjLLtcjb)J1j1 1 1
40 jL., 1J 1.):4:" rfl
s' j;:ad 44,1 J
tirokrat Jj1
4ipe J kifr J1 _rtc.)1-4.) b1/404°. "Ali) I 44 outi r o
t*bo.CL.J.1..1s' 01.441 4: AA.t. eaA 14
J1 Le L. d.r LI4e. 1 _rA1.....Sz..%)1 LA LAN I ",4 44)1 J r
0:La J
,,141 d JJ L.. L j t 1
Jr. I d 4A.C...:;A; Low IAN. I L j 1.fte
Jej J J Z..A;L r_it
J t4.1 ks he I IA J.Z.g. LA..' J
44:4 j 4;1. Le" ttz... I ljt I l4 j.+4 A
40S.__I L. L1Pd der 4141 44 tI' jetl, J141 j J 144, J
137
GRAghMk)1 THIRTY=-FIVEJ
o 1
J %;:. J o
4,..tot,::...);LA...e utIti J4S- ieb. I o r
-1-tf Cd1Jr.11 o t
o o
4) dim
%IV 4 j;41.51m .0y41) biStA j-4-z r IS' j OA
o
..v"t ts-"-h CdLe j1 415):&-; 41# tYj till, 1e f
` 1%:1.40:0 S 1.40 61066 1.444. j 1
S ,114.4e j J44,11% 4.;.L11.. r
,3,5" ,LA I ,..at kit! J
4.1.4 L. 4:41 J
i-^:%1..);" t)11.) -Iv' .02441 11..1).44. 06 .4
I (Aka Lfte A
I.:Li...144;6Lp 0,.,..131.A. 41.^ st.e., 1 ISI 44)1 Y
jti As JISc--.01441XL.ta.)1411 1)4' JAfr.'
sc....1 441 jr 6.4 ,;-4t
I 4 Je...1 1.) L Jaie.v1/411
138
REApING THIRTYFIVE
0 0
s
4.tor/701..-
V/kjii/i 019/ 4)914jkli/1C)91,
1Lt./I0
)7 iy I(t
0
ChIL4(1,1:100't)114*);9110,61 A*0;1)1) a..)::iLtc) .0.80.K
0 * 0 f 0 , I 0 PO e,,
' ..0,
0 ., I, "0-1/ 00.
Viecittl
Questions on Readings
it ' °1
6,,,414019://cr- i;tit'Cioli)
z.jj ..,uo I JJS:e
bl Jie. diorks 1.ni,;)r J,ds.fr7
4Alta
14 tt
).`4:t)-.)11.) 416 X-r JAJ
j." IA:11.":) ; 1 tr
14 ate. otk..1) .3;,J 45,61
I L4Ar j.ime Cx. I d
ROMEWORE
Complote'the following sentences by filling in the blanks with theappropriate form of,verba. For each sentence the infinitive of the verbto be used is written in parenthesis.
Faamplet
'(
j ,71.2. I 44. A1
Atlf 31
J (.41 .S1,40. ois ..4
(=i) 14 ta k). -1
cjiLI ) J 44,0 .10.44 j it
4.1 )
140
1
.mf I 4,4 j1 -A
0
! VOCABULARY THIRTY.FIVB
to hear Present Root of this- verb is
I hear
I heard
I must hear
I will hear
I have heard
ass igment , mission
to have an assignment
subject,.matter
haPPY
r
r
4..4r
along yith
one yiar(lasting only one year),one year.old
1.1
each year al Lip
every year 4JL.M.
to go to se someone, tovieit someone
trip
VOCABULARY "RIRTT-)PIVE
travel
1* to travel
airplane
ship
tO like, o lave, to be fond of \421:41 ure:040
month 4.
until now,(ever) j
to intend, to plan I
Capita 1,4
to hope, to be hopeful
I hope
to pass, to cross
I cross
I crcesed
I must cross .
I will cross
I have-crossed
Present Root of, thisverb is jJS
142
r.
,
VOCABULARY' TH'IRTT-IPIVIC
a pleasant,manner, as time
We had a very good time.
I hope you.have a good time.,
coming, future
voice
ii
1 52143
41
13.5. A #01.1"1"
;-'"
.c _
'ow
I 4.0
PER'CIIPTION DRILL THIRTY-SIX
rTill the past progressive of the verb 4$4, v-iums:
Infinitive Li'JJ
PistrRoot
past Proaressive
( )1:74) ue
( uPA;e ) J21!) ue
( )
( )
) Jm*J(jj) Jjjçm
Fast Proaressiv
r /414.
r 4.3) 'See
C.
east Tense
r
r 4,1
r JJ5
C. I
1451 5 A
to gol6 the following
Infirative
41
>0"
4:13.36.
LAS
L'd
0.1/4-4 Iv
PERCEPTION DRILL TH IRTY.S IX
rz"14- lis
: %L$ jtA jt1 .1 61
j I
S 4i.r.) I 4.15. dtt :L.Ao J
wrz.ike 4L.v r I J.S4JL.jL
ai4e. 'AA:. '45 41 I-rtat.:v L1L
4:Lit 1:4s r is4;
JMIMMMINMwwwwwwelm
Drill the verb " J ,aJto have an invitation, to be invited" bythe following items . Only I J is conjugated.
.2 I_ J JA.).4: 4$ L1 j jjokt,
t.
4
4
PERCEPTION DJILL THIRTY-SIX'
341J LoS I., .
Lrinf
+.41 J J L.,s 4.1,41441
t1 >1W La.4.Ch.;: J
apIJ 615. J.
J J r L.41 ,5 1 j.e J
Drill the verb " 4.);-41 Je to like, to desire, to wish" with thef011owing items. Only t.);-41.1is conjugated.
JtS 1,J
,
au. 1.3410..
4.4 44)1 J 61.0*
* 44.6) I j 41r
34e d /74;
J.Te. J aLafv.S. j }LA Jr.d1 J r Lift
-iv' Je kr Jol tle 4-r .; I )," d I cv4 CJI 41-4 Istir *
A4; Jd .0%1 )16.111 COMP atad
14756
11
PIRCIPTION DRILL ,TRIRTT-SIX
Drill the verb (:)..11 .111. - to come (or be called) to mind. It is usedonly in the third person singular.
4.1tai ce
*le at 4.
4:1r. 4.0.
4. c:Juijle, CJI-tr.1
.331 ,i1Jle ,Ja .1/41:4 t
iae:t.t. r 41. La° Jr.1.:" di;
r J L'S J*1 4 144 s' Jr. .31 ire I d Jel b
J. ko. ; >LA 4; s' Jetis tr. c.", .1.1 J
4
4
25&
DIALOGUE THIRTY.:SIX-
rJ1.3 6,-;J ;I J 4:F-11
ru, (.6 r.,:sat.61 >4.6 _T
At4' 6rut LI* cc' rAtl.
41/4 1)1. 441. tJUL. 41- rr 441 4, L
t--4; 4 r)-101- -1.:JIJ4*-5, t' NM 't.4)61A'v
apo".6 hr .00 t) JP cje. I J 0
c14.1-tA 01.):**--.) IA.
Njar"f I d.)" ti- tr-
dae"0 r Alm t.):.1
-:- ;14- !Ate
ti-0.)' je.1.;,66.1mj API J:- ecte
1-6 L. a;j1 J anr Ij
LA: r.),-ises "-a ce
ci ;"" ,4" " IV ;11.:4 ,4Pra
r.) >4:4 6ks. 4.;
rtaLC k: ..se. ix 4:1 r
(.11 %Le J .X.k.ftv. ce Ivir jtab I
150
DIALOGUE THIRT,Y -SIX
(Translation)
1. Where are you going to eat dinner tonight?
I.have an invitation to the house of 'one'of my friends tonight.
2. I wanted to ask you if we could have dinner together.
Thank you very much, but unfortunately I can not' (make it) tonight.
What time must you go there?
I have to go there at seven o'clock.
4. You still have plenty of time. How about having a coffee together?
It's a.very good idea. Let's go.
5. Is there a good restaurant in this vicinity?
Yes, a new restaurant has teen opened an this street..
6. What a nice place! At which table shall we sit?
This table next to the window is very good.
7. How ipeautiful the view of the ocean
Yes, it's very beautiful and today is good for boating.
8. By the Mayo would you like tet, or coffee?
I'll drink coffee; how about you?
9. I'll have coffee too. Do you take sugar & cream with your coffee?
No, I drink black coffee.
10. Incidentally, I just remembered I have to make a phone-call.
Pl6ase 6, ahead. I'll give the waiter the order.
'GRAMMAR ANALYSI'S THIRTY-SIX
The imperfect or past progressive is formed by adding the prefix a. tothe past tense of a given verb.
Example:
Past tense
Past progressive 1-4) or
The past progressive is USed tO denote:
a- An action as continuing or in progress ill the past, as
* A;1.01e.' r1745 L:es Jol )1 0.4; , I was reading a'book When he came.
r'lf. J aelet 4°1°.) 4%; I saw him when I was coming to school.
la,. Habitual action in the past, as:
j1-,.
JIA°
EVery year I used to go there.
Last year I used to smoke "Kent".
The word 0 .1,4); meaning to bid, order and command is used as apolite' substitute for ja5"to say".
Examnle:
bihat do you say
15 2 1 6 I
a
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY-S1X
bisisa4r
t.1/4.),JAitriWhat did you say?
.ioVe is also a polite substitute for certain other verbe Bich as,:
44.: Li j.it j,,,A I j.k.
Ploass take a seat.
Please go.
Please come.
Please speak.
It is common in polite conversation to substitute " J...); ,11, for
the au4liary part of the compouni vurbs especially for 0 JI J and
Example:
L')
C.) J1 Jj J
It should be noted that the verb 0 J simOis only used when referenceis to a person of equal or higher rank and it must not be used whenreferring to oneself.
153
GRAMMAR DRI'LL THI.RTYSIX
*di JA>sJ
r ..34;...t I J 1.0J L.S J
,skJ,I4J;j4e 144 .11 _r1.)
bs.A 4.461 xtbs .11 r-i L-4
.t
41.)1
jI 4.#. I .YJ;..; 6.4
ap..4.45 IL; LiP 163 cti J 1
ta.."...01 j.i Jja ceti J .1AA. oz-61- tr LJAJL 01) ..."') 1 I'
St*.:.... I ,ut j 5-0J rr b is cx.1 J t
J 41).6jw o
satz t^.1 isbataS 116.4 J 1
r' 1 Ai.% I 9.716:.$ r JulI4içJ L.jj Jleo
_1' 1.
.1'
Jjl.r.:.Atijd- tit tii 4../ rL.:, t
le oat; atli .11 o
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTT-ASIX.er
0
Y
jor h776..41 44,1 A
T Jr) jt.. -4.0.` I
craw.: rJ r
s 4,1 Ist joi,
T øI t L4 ).: sL&Z ;IA
rtt....17.1 14),J 4. Jj.; tv J cx) r
rlT 44,A. .4.04 t; 4;.17-414.ILA r Y
Th.. I 6ijdOA j J.:4 J., _rA
rd J-4; Ltt Je) ,-.4tra ri t .
414-4. 311,i.rJ oL4 ;;" 1
t"A:* L.
30,J >its.° &L.d. d >1r1-6. " .t rt
T 44) '4; L.:. _tX.) 6k.; 4 L4 L.4 j Je.. js"
At 4) Ar.h r L#S. tL-41A)fte.4. 6114 t A
T 4:4;1 t155
Jr.4;14e. JijAJ":1-4).6
164
\
"
401 9CE
rig r ?cry. fre-to r so.rr fir c 0.41r. r piriceeir 7c r -rc fIrlfr"lyral Arisp;i4, sr r re' re. r 1,-r 7r r PinC
A
A qr.) j?r Ptrwc 4NT( r %-c r 3
I A I rrA Arc I r r e!". r ;1r) 'nFre. 71 5r "`"c ;41 1'73
"clf"qt:1 ;1r "r'' ;v7 I e.;fr*77%1
Arc I irj 1.7-4 k"A.v! ;11. J. 71 5r "fc ;$1 I ""T`S
.reIrrf -9" r:P rffr p-7's
r rw-f r1^ -1-yr re:frsrfr:r 3
or" *:;:iter .% -7. 3
**7' r."5 i s ref) ri 11)
r'rrf r rr 3
e IC ';"vrf r r r-elArc 1 fr k 3
t"4-1 r r r r r;r
C 4riftrrft:T* ' lc Me, Are fr
I 7-41 rr rPsu1r1r 3
1 VP r Tr, Arc rr r 3
t o ftr ri r c A e72c.c rr 3
1e0 -1 6. ":51 lc ;vrf rti^ 1 71 47 .r;Srr r 3
A 0 ri Arc I 9i kr7r 4. 4
ao to rritrc -.^.r. kr fr s
00"" I( Affl."771j51A1 4f(Irr 3
.10 ItrA Arc 1 anr.r. h ;7:47, 3
IT 4 .4.rr r:Ar r 3
I 0 yr" I fit ..}Tr ;ir r::eirt:r 3
1 0 Al* 3
HYKKY110
krr f 7.1.) f7-4 c r
f IT/ -11 stf4 r
rf-b-r(frrrs r yr) r f r rr
**Ilf 4-rr rer St frfr
0 r f f "1-.4 f 541 *4-1 se frzr
I" I fl LS4erSr I 'el 5":1') r
lifiNrIlr" i""7"4
ta":"ICYr ("Iji fir 5r1j1:"Vir? i."b7N-
t- smi ty? rer min 1 CI 14 ;111 104.74
3(177 rye".
stzweekt uo ouorzconb
I.
(re(t (1(';e (.44Y1t1 )11510.4)41.4 Pir«14) (0111) ou
4
. ip, , t 1 i A "I ftb.: no./(gt 411 ( '
1 fl ob rslY / 5.) ' 1, ) , i*' (. pi, . .. . .0 .
I ed. 0 .. r
<1 ). .1..Powstr(1(.1
(4r17( . 1 Ai 4;eni ;:((c://7 ()hie (e7 ,./ / .. 1,-(,,p<1" fe, z:pd)(0 , ((----%
.
.. 1, f 0.w*
-P7a/r r:dri (:) fir[if ,
ONICIY111
HOMEWORK THIRTY-SIX
Use the following items in a sentence.
Example:
S
15 8
- J
J.; I t
aj-44
J 14"? Y
VOCABULARY THIRTY-SIX
invitation J
}s-to have an invitation, to be invited j
to ,invite
thought, idea
to bid, order, conrnand present rocit of thisverb is 110
let's go (in polite conversation) rt: 1)1 4:3tVit
vicinity, 'neighborhood
to be opened, to be established
pretty, beautiful qtjAi
to come (or be called ) to mind 0 JAI 4;
near the window '!'"4 r Ii
view, scenery
sea
boat
boating Li1J
to like, to wish or desire J jr.
sugar
1591 s
VOCABULARY TRIRTY-SIX
cream
bitter
black coffee
waiter
made or designed for two persons
table for two
to desire, to wish present root of thisverb is41.0.
4
a
LESSON THIRTY-SEVEN
161
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY SEVEN
The verb 0 44 ...V.& is usually used in the third person singularsDrill bY using the following examples. Only 0 JZ is conjugateG.
rtes. cd1,-"j
I I J.: "Jtb
JI
0114";
I ,./4 U.+:; J
s." I .0- Jj.. u,kts ,r..1.1 L
J 4).40 L.t.
A
Drill 0 60* using the following examples. Only 0 J..9%, isconjugated. '
1;
162 1 7
A
PERCAPTION DRILL THIRTY-3,qEVEN
CJi).., :Ala+ ,J cja, 40.1.4_11. 31V-
C 41.4", at.
14.4 L J.Z.0.-011LL. L.4.,
4?Jrn)LL 4.:/1".1
Drill the verb j:4-3J, using the following examples;
Infinitive J
Present Rout
Past Root
Past Participle
Present Tense
Sutjunctive
Present Perfect
Past
Past Progressive
Future
J
3 j
j1).13
1.61
11137:w
0
PE,RCZPTION DRILL THIRTY.SEVEN
!Ai' tfi tr.1
0: J j.41: j jrn Jr) '6: )14.?
)LPY s L4.4
.) +0, 144 z-.0
f .141 L.J b kJ;
b1/4-6 .0%)"-.4.1 L j Le" I
S%:.....06 Lmt In j
1641 73
*v.
a,
o
; z T
$91
LC
n N
,
t
D/41,0JUE TH,TRTZ.SEVEN
d 6.14,41 jmt j 4041
.0 Ja:e r-i) 4-.;Je r4.- J .11-i- / 1-A?-.
...v.::-JJ k$ Is* 044
.
'' 4:144.: r..4: 4,-.1" ez-A ktr-w41-uhilr3.4
J.4,t 4;j' J Q.4. j J tok,e.: ..4).. L.4 a La
.r 4, i 4
,
ft -1.4:' 44)-4* 45 LY j-16 I: +. 4t:' Jr. 4 .)S1 fj.,-;-$4 c:
pi JA; ,,,,,_,..k, 1: csr,e, i I I J.,,.; cy
s,:..... I I J.4.1.v r.,I ,,ts. I 4.4 ce 4.:11A.
pl J... ; 1 r.A
. Yp I J riY,.A.1.... J j to; 1.) 1. t Ai' tt cis
j ; 4 Liz ...A
r LA 4Lif drje CI "if
t.:,,pJ r44
1."...... L:-.4.; J
1,
4,14.7...,...4,
I
fr. 4,,,ce 1..4 A4, I j7.-41, ;:.." I .7. .1.31. ej U... L'Ariu., L.:..s. I
p.
DIALOGUE THIRTY.SEVEN
(Translation)
1. Hasn't the weather become cold today?
Yes, I think it's going to snow, too.
2. I don't like cold weather. How about you?
I don't like cold weather at all either.
Do your children like snow very much?
Yes,-they'll be happy if it snows.
4. Incidentally', have you bought winter clothes for the children?
Not yet, If you wish, we can go shopping together.
5. With the utmost pleaeure. When do you have time?
I have time tomorrow from morning Lntil noon.
6. Unfortunately, I'll be busy tomorrow, How about day aftertomorrow? ,
It so happens I'll have time the day after tomorrow also.
7. What "things" do you need?
I need a coat(long) a raincoat, and a pair of gloves.
8. Do you have a 'sweater and cardigan?
Yes, but I have to buy them for the children.
9. By the way, do you want woolen material also?
Yes, I want to make "sew" one or two skirts for my daughter.
10. They say the Perayesh store has nice material. Is that correct?
Yes, moat of the articles of this store are good. It's best
"better" that we go there.
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY-SEVEN
Th Passive Voci
The pasiive voice is formed by adding the auxiliary verb 0.1./ to thepast participle of the principal verb.
to see
to say
to read
to sew
to close
to do
Active
Tams iv.
id=J: J
,ajs
C'
/j".41
Example:
to be seen
to be said
to be read
to be sewn
to be closed
to be done
Wain,
J'Z a;
4o106 4aig
.1.4, we /d"i7JJ !"S41)1 I pat that tree from here
.."..te k 1.41., I j I That tree IL ma from here
In the case of most of the compound verbs formed with the auxiliary verb04/S"to do, to make", the passive voice ts formed by replacing this
auxiliary verb with 0.Jat"to become, to turn, to get".
Example:
168
GRAMMAR AN.kLYSIS.TRIRTY-SEVEN
Uniteto fiash 04)5(14 . to .be finished.
f , 3
to .start jit1)-4 to get started
, . . , . , ,to prepatip. cj..:).c.),.Ol..... to be prepared 0 ..L.t j.e1-2-
, ,q
to put out 0 4)5 ..A "Ili- to be put out 0 J-4,../..)11-i-.
,to warm .1)5(JS to get warm
Example:
Active .g 14,le /:: c--st. 1),./t.)1,5 t He finishes his work by4t0t) o'clock.
Passive 4.14 cisj LS. His work, it nailkisi by.4:00 o'clock.
1 7169
,
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTTSEVEN
; 1
J tatk4e PO trLas, d.ri"v NM 1
J I 3..ai 4ria
I 1.4.4 1r 1
.4.1 j. Li L o
C) LA: 146 dlle LS 1)1' C) LI»
L.J
J.Lr 6..) La; Li- .A1.6ci 1 laJ
6$ 1)1 .VA I 4.A: 1
J 1)1 '144:r...it, I at L. 31 1 1
.1 .... 1 Y7
4.01:1; " ir$.4 t
t J.7-44f J.Z40.11 J.; 1 1 o
az.._fti 1. 1
La* le a: 1.41 L.4 . 1 Y
t .14)1J;c4n4
ard 1 J 50.1 J I 'I
44)1 ualdkj14 ,1 _1'
Ss LAhj-t) 4-r - 1
4:)'* r.L.d 1 J vs.; at.::. J T t
o
I 79170
e.
.1HaRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-SE.VEN
aj 6- 1 o
4z.s. .1) j ,..)14A; 0 1
o
41' 4..s"V `7. bl LA; .1/4-04 1.4.4 _ 0 t
Jj1 J 4.J L ::.51") J 4) J 4:Ar J 0 0
L.)L4J1s. o 1
..sj J J.Lr- k...)L Ne
v Ls"v% .04-4 o A
Jr. '1/4-t ts`-tv 1-4-;Lori jJ .1
(j-;1.)1fi.V.rib 1
Lju .1 9'
1 J jt r
Lzg 41. 614)1 J Jr*. 14-t t
1.1 dt Jj J Lk. I
?jLL JJ1 JtA csC .-1
=1111.
auf jt 14 1 161.r.
.1k -40 `11""'""° I Lit 14 I;
-0 A
1 9lJJ"" J I ,J6 j4t3 JL. .1/41:4 Jtr.
SI J 1.kS 6:t.4 .15 j 1. rile tl.; _NO
ci -141-e.Jz 44 31 --
,..)-;.1-411,-,).1 I) cdl 14)51.4 1 J.L.4:,*
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-SEVEN
14;
t,
h44 J J1. j --T1
4)1 J ctAr T y
J iej J.Lr L.) .).* I lib- I' AC.. I 14.4:isalii;j31,:.
u" I*" LOAIV-roU> CA:40 r7.1.).>-'' r)I 6-4 r
Car.44.11).JUk$61 J
I _rrCelj jj,4 rt
S'a...0 I L.t j _rJ
cr.; d.r,j11 J rY4)-Ar." as"oLV14 UJI obAjl-i rA
4)1 r 4$"4 Lib 4im.A0:4 rj)sate, 14/ 4.; _t
-11 01:41U),>. 4i' 54e. t-ht t I
-14; 0-61)7.1 Cdb Im Sv "I 3.1y4. b4A.i.. r
I jt."... Lei ttJ J vo t o
.1/4rile, 41A., JI.J' 1-.61')L1-41-4 4.6'e tk tI 4j U.. Ls LA ve Lri t
I L.M..)1.10m3 a:Li J LS LA vo L.1 1 t AI ci j,5 fat L.r. I ki:t ceZorie JJ i
Xt k.:)1441.411, J CJI j.)514 " 1;1" *
17 2 I S I
.4
4
READING THIRTY-SEVEN
j.irro»ii (47 i),/,).
LIC/)h.j) ii; "A-24;:i. Lfter'i) eillAt4 ljg ..;(0vd.. if 41
M * 0 1 0 0 0 I 0
APvit /10)1 i leeci?d,"/3%ty/
,04 dçg. )fiAcil) )0k)(07,11.7 ("<
:f.":10)iij./illit4.0.III
Questions on Reading:
j)?/(e7(31it
JI; to5L1 jI1.J1; 4n 41-J1)1
t JJ )1 4:43- Jv.I..J )1; anicjlelt.A.JLA4iU,.
Jr. 1..r. 1
) ) kJ (aril
1 tj k";1 1":U-
LS St-r" ;?sf 4 r: .A1
L.JJfl 44-LsI)t )4: I
173 s
4.
HOMEWORK THIRTY-SEVEN
Use the following items in a sentenc.
1\ Example:
NI:* 41.4t) 4%e 1,; ts6
1,):44.4
4.. I j jtv -
1 _r
r
ks 1
--A
VOCABULARN' THIRTY- VEN
to become cold
winter-clothes
tO be inclined, to like
I like to go to the movies c -In
coat (long), overcoat
.raincoat
glove
blouse
knitted
sweater
cardigan
but
material
woolen material
one or two
to sew
sew
Present Root of this'
verb ill j
4* rill%
;i
0-1)
J
dzi
a*-14 tr.) to
r) %he
VOCABULARY THIRTY-SEVEN
I 30140d
I =Wt. sOW
I will sew
I have sewn
I used to sew, I was sewing
ready-made clothes
they say
correctA
Is that.correct?
176
1 S 5
J rA I 3.i
,J
a
LESSON THIRTY-EIGHT
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTYEIGH1
due rd1 I am going
Drill the present progressive of the verb crA) by the followingitems:
.:Infinitive. 0.4.1
Present Tense
Present Progressive r -Le 16)1
.4)1
re. J.k.A.
J., jjosb J.4) J 14.1,
4.3 LA.)
4:15.)1A )11.
rPm ts.....A; 1.1)1
L`C.4
4,4 J 146.t.I
178
...L.J5 J 1.) Nk.r.
rjSe d'r ;di "/
S "
PERCEPTION DRILL TH'IRTT-EIGHT
I ,,,L0 }:heaL. drAjj
x1,-ite,--14
r ; r.)1 *j 14011
IA;
' r) "*.: LI, fj1 J
e .0t"4. JJI J
t.4m j1.). ejl J
..c.1.1 Je.il L.:,
Jj1.3
- to arrive
Jj1 J
17
Drill the verb cj arAs.) "to reach, to come" by the follwing items:
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Le)
19,-4179
et
PERCEPT/ON DR/LL THIRTT.SIOHT
Past Participle
Present
Present Progressive
Subjunctive
Present Perfect,
Past
Past Progressive
rive
1.1 I ao.m,
r
Future
.
fa
SI
.17tt
L.4."r
j%L....pl.. J.«
eh,
6. 44 J1;- I.) tit :3 %';'
t-"12
4441 Amu LIL cAZ... J
4.4.4 901 di*Od u&k? %.KA
;14 ti4L. :~44
180
-1 Sid
PERCEPTICN DRILL THIRTY-EIGHT
014.4,1S
J34, ,L.,r
- to return
,
,.,eDrill tbe verb 00-..J.A.: "to return" by the following items. Only
60.4isso. 13 conjugated.
Infinitive
Present Root
Past Root
Past Participle
Present
Present Progressive
Subjunctive
Present Perfect
Past
Past Progressive
Future
ah"-- :11:5;1
r .JAA.
.. a
I4......16"
r..1.41.45
44-0' Lit )41-,
181 19n
I. r rr vir .
.
wi-ic.-"rrr tsfirskr7r
swell SuPtoTTO; Actr rr
Nov 01 r er srr
qr. 1s14n f-Srt" I I;r S
r c nrel r ic .1rf rrl,rE5 r r=4:1 ltrts/ 4f. rag" .57-rtrr-
A
i;r104-1.16-..70
IC "1ff 143 S
rt-ir nye' Avr
17r oir..7,r. ;vri r ;.-ese-Hr
qr ;."..sr%,--i-J
cveA eta irilaC
IH013-1.111IFIZ 77Itia NOILd20/13d
PERCEPTION DRILL THIRTY-SIGH
.,g.t.
Jj J je,,,V _P
.14.
1:4 I J; ) 7.4.4 J
1.3) 1.1 01:14
JJ.C.4 J .:)b J.Av
. J cjb 4/4:1
/1.* j., . *o catch. -cold
,
Drill the verb*0 4) Y4- 11)-... "to catch ci1.d" with the follwing items,:
ri ut) lovvir
(.1.
f.) ..9"ire .k At)
>Ale L.) L.:
I d J.) )111 Ld LJbJ;aP- J
I .1) I I
St Jed >At.
,183 92
DIALOGUE THIRTY-EIGHT
I4 4.4%. 011 ts; ir-P, JJS.r..
--1/4-: (-16* .%4Pits a; .1) 414- 44
TatdIJ
%at:. J.)JribluiJ ,f1dJ)1.4-14).
i t e Le 441 jest.: et II da: at; IJ ft 4410.0 j A,
fAv L1 41.46)51 çjIJmr-A.'" 404:'
.0
I Af It" L, Jjj J re.;.
III r-161.0- 1.;" 044- t"
S' & L.sL .19
If
JJ Cedri
441 JJSar J J t$ Ube
çJn
ri# c-; c...1 et; a; . 1
r,..)1 Ja.:14.1.4 6.1 JdJj.):J1 411
t J.1.61":14 .07 b Li f J j-t4e6A-4 .=-PL-0 J-0 u*
j.krob jjLm 4.11
3851 9,1
0.'
DIALOGUE THIRTY-EIGHT
(Translation)
1. Major Tehranee, where are you going with such haste?
I'm going to the doctor's Office.
2. Oh, are you sick?
I've been sick for a couple of days.
3, I'm very sorry. What ailment do you have(what's wrong with you)?
I have caught a cold and my stomach aches also.
4. Do you have an appointment with the doctor?,
Yes, I have an appointment with the doctor. I have to be there-ten minutes to five.
5. I'm going to the city. If you wish, I'll take you also.
Thank you very much, but I don't want to be a bother.
6.- It's no trouble; I also have, business in that same vicinity.
Then I'd be very thankful.
f. What have you taken for your cold?
I have taken Aspirin and Vitamin C.
T.. What have you dons for your stomach ache?
I phoned the doctor and he said to see him immediately.
9. It's 20 minutes to five now. Do you think.4we'll arrive on time?
Yes, we still have ten more-minutes "time".
10. I'll return home at six o'clock sharp. Will you be ready by that'time?
Yes, I'll be waiting for you in front of the doctor's office.
186 °-
t
9
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY.:EIGHTr.
Present Progrespive
The present- progressive represents an act or action as going on.
Example:
.1 Jr .J
J IA
61; le*. 4; 6$ c,L.1141
I am reading.
You are yriting.
They are going.
The present progressive is renderedneither by the present tense ofthe main verb alone or by adding the full conjugation of the presenttense of the verb " to have ,...7-1.)n preceding the conjugation ofthe main verb.
r or r rJ1
s .1A:A or a Ike
J..V.14 or J Jj J
ftle or -ve rt)I
Jei or 4; ./e ..14)1
or 4; 1):"'.
I am going
You are going
He, she is going
We are going
You are going
They ars going
Note that of the above two Corms of the present progressive, the onewith the helping verb " .3" is more prevalent in spoken Persian.
1,8i 96
GRAMMAR ANALYSIS THIRTY-EIGHT
is an interrogative word introducing a question put forth by onok
who hears a remark that is contrary to his previous understanding orknowledge..
Why, is he sick?
(i.e. I thought that he was all right,,Nt as,you explain he must besick).
;
The word , ..J41N corresponds as far as ihe interrogative form of thesentence is concerned, to the English "do". But there is no exactequivalent for it in English in the sense, except the tone of thequestion , or such words as then, or why.
The word ..Aaltho4b.-a syvnym of It, differ from it in sense, thedifference lying ip that LVintroduces a question starting a conver-sation, which )14 does ribt.
. Thus - f 41 I. 0 and we 1 ce, both.
miAn "Will you come with me?" but the first means " I wonder whetheryou will come with me"; whilethe secOnd implies "I aid not know thatyou were going with me" or "Will you them come with me?"
A is used with both affirmative & negative questions.
PositiveAnswer
NegativeAnswer
Example: r Jw1
,)T Je j1).5.
11.4e) Jok, j ..).cra
4.4e.) JA.: 4,4
4.4J badkr 11.;
188 9 '7
Why, did he come?
Why,didn't he cum?
Why, did he go to school?
Yes, he went to school?
No, he didn't go to school.,
0
it
GRAMMAR ANALTSIS THtRTYEIOHT".%
Positiveanswer
legativeanswer
11,C^IL 441..) 441
c-4) d-v Jdit J1 I hi"
*C40; 40./441 ji $4.;
J 'mod is an adjective as:
also means next as:
kLaAtto- -
J
L'S
' Why, didn't,he go to school?
Oh yes, he went to school.
No, he didn't go to sohool.
The other book
Did you read the 9ther book?
next week
go to the movies nextweek.
r-ve J;;AIA:J4-1-lb go to his house nextweek.
meilns another as:
(4 ts.A. J j
I 1.1 4.41. 65.A. 6"-) 441
means more as:
I bought another shoes.
I went to anothei. stOre.
He- goes to another schoOl.
189 1 99
GRkMMARANALYSIS THIRTY-EIGHT
r-; 4::116
r; 3-ite(.,0) J t...pL
I need two mom books.
I'll stay one more week here.
I have to study two more hours. .
199190
ri
,`
el
OR-AMMAR 'DRILL THIRTr-E.IGHT
.1/4-4,ceLp.L.J 4.La 1 14-ftroa
r Lt. 4-44, Li*.am
.4ejtY1*.sil
4.4%0 c)kr. litsJ 1SJ Ii LA-1
tiLc 41-TnA jt
T
_ rt
. 0
4.4Ce. 4' %°..14-4e CA) LS IA; .1)-,1-
t.1.4.1 Las.5 *rim .YI j lz1j.:A I L.:, .ghs --A
Tz... I 14.4 .);; r I . 6FL..
r.:j.: rj1 J ci -- I
Jr..; .#t.t.. j 1.; I hs
4; I .0%1. LS 4, 1 hs 1 1
lj Ltr 1:4S Aij J t:Aaft: . 1 t
t J Ake Lit t4) I J I . 1 0
4.4.; j1 a; I U 440)
sa.....1,) ,34;
r.-.4,; ,j,k,,s;
r.:4b.,1 jd4 ea.; 4..abj J1 J;;51r. tr.; j1
elJ'r '.1:'.14:4j
I jt, Akj ii )54 r
j.s6L j 41 Y
191. 2 on
tbz Z6T
0 C ;I:ir:r .1- 7 ;eri 1 1 rr .S")
e
t 3 71 C;tirr e7T, s
y C'Ati rf "iv Art r sari -Fr (-CI SS/ -Fr A
A 1.4e7C1 r tr.1 r rr A s
r fr tr.1 r 0.-rff rr s
3_7 r r r rr -73-rr s
. A 3 -"m 0"r r rvi -Fr A 71" s
;11 r 0-f r rr 4-c rr s
1 . ttr r -fr rr r Irr s
t rrrr rr g"..r0Scr rft, 1"77 S
1e..1 41 IC r r rr r irr s
frirrrrr rte7r s
sr INAF1 rrsr tr-r s
o yr.! g;1^,-.41 rr;17. r s
f rr SC1 r Irr
41 j.. 1 r 014' rei -rr rr
IA" fsf/ rr 1"""
c ,,c , 0.4r r 0-41 Aff rfr
c ftr Swir7r1r1". S
rfc -rxir.) s
.tc C vrir, r rr erlowl".7
IC Ari -firrtr nrr tr ;11^fr irrn:jr s
77IECI 111/iiklY11.0
ialw17.4
0,
GRAMMAR DRILL THIRTY-FIGHT
.4) ..tr; tAf ,....
.
7 T J 1/4> X I .0-Lir ....0 T
T cj L.; ..t.i4sj.SA r'
.1/4J-A.A. Lrivti zr"t; Le "IP o t
)41 J J.Cjit. .00t 44I 45.?.., In .01 .
jzon,/c.; .9.i.SJ ;I j).11%.r
T -04r '4-0'1
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Questipns on Reading:
, 194
.---.
Ccrplete the. foll.owing 'sentences by. filling in the blanks With theappropriate form of verbs. For each sentence the infinitive of the verbto be used is 'written in parenthesis. .
L,
.,,
'
./
. ,
H.OMEWORIC tHIR-TY-EIGHT
fr
Example:.
14
ok...eb,J .1
( -us ) e. LIA 6.-6-141.rk;
( ci-tt 61.0
( LA)
-14se.;12- )
I
(
Lt1.40 k 1 .01-4,11:0 0
6.616111/11011111.
64 Uj j' "1 Y
jc...14... 400 tome dold
i 95
VOCABULARY THIRTY- EIGHT
haste, hurry
to hurry
doctor's office
I am going
oh, why
to be sick, to become ill
to te sorry
indisposition, illness, ailment
to be sick
to natch a cold
pain, ache
stomach ache
to licks, to be painful
to makeean appointment, to have an appointment
trouble
cold'
aspirin
196r-J
4.;
aDi.c
41105111
J 4.,it 3 I.;
aOj So' 647k"
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.16;m161111.;
VOCABULARY THIRTY,.EIOHT
Vitamin C
immediately
to reach, to crive Present Root of thisverb is upv
to return Present Root of this
verbil 4A
I return
I returned
I must return
I will return
I have returned
I used to return
other, next, another
doctor
'4;197
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r 41144:r 001111,
st .4,103"
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