COLONISATION & SUCCESSIONTERM MEANING

SPECIES ORGANISM HAVE SIMILAR CHARACTERISTIC & SAME NICHE

POPULATION A GROUP OF ORGANISM OF THE SAME SPECIES LIVING IN THE SAME HABITAT AT SAME TIME.

COMMUNITY SEVERAL POPULATIONS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES LIVING IN THE SAME HABITAT

NICHE THE ROLE OF AN ORGANISM IN ECOSYSTEM. ALL THE ACTIVITIES CARRIES OUT BY ORGANISM.

HABITAT A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT WHERE ORGANISM LIVE.

ECOSYSTEM A COMMUNITY OF LIVING ORGANISM INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER & WITH NON LIVING ENVIRONMENT

COLONISATION : a process whereby plants or animal have successfully invaded

occupied a new habitat.

PIONEER SPECIES : The first colonizers, normally has short cycle, when they die theirs

remains add to the humus content of soil. Creating more conducive environment to other species.

SUCCESSOR SPECIES: Species that shade out the original sp. & making more conducive to

other orgs.

DOMINANT SPECIES:Species that grow faster & out compete & modify environment larger tree

to grow.

SUCCESSION:

Gradual process where community changes its environment so that it is replaced by another community.

COLONISATION & SUCESSION IN MANGROVE SWAMP

Avicennia sp & Sonneratia sp (pioneer sp)•Extensive root system trap and collect sediment.• The soil becomes more compact and firm•The ground becomes higher.

Rhizophora sp. (successor sp)•Replace the pioneer species

•The proop roots trap silt and mud

•The soil firmer, drier and less submerge by sea water.

Bruguiera sp.

•Replace Rhizophora sp , root trap more silt and mud

•Modify soil structure. Replace by Pandanus sp , terrestrial forest then rainforest tree.

*CLIMAX COMMUNITY – A stable & mature community that undergoes little @ noChange in its species eg: Tropical rainforest

PROBLEMS FACED BY MANGROVE PLANTS

ADAPTATIONS FUNCTIONS

SOFT MUDDY SOIL Avicennia sp have long, branched underground cable root.Rhizophora sp have prop root

To support themselves

Roots anchor the plants to muddy soil

WATERLOGGED WILL DEACREASE OXYGEN

Avicennia sp has breathing root called pneumatophoresPores call lenticels found on the bark of mangrove tree

Allow gaseous exchange to muddy soil.

HIGH RATE OF TRANSPIRATION (DIRECT SUNLIGHT)

Thick layer of cuticle covers the leavesLeaves thick &succulent.

Reduce transpiration

To store water

THE SURROUNDING WATER IS HYPERTONIC COMPARED TO SAP CELL OF THE ROOT CELL

The cell sap of the roots cells has a higher osmotic pressure than the soil water surrounds them.

Have pores on the leaves called hydatodes.

To ensure thr roots do not lose water by osmosis.

Excrete the excess salt in hypertonic water which enter the roots.

SEEDS CAN DIE IF SUBMERGE WITHIN SOFT & WATERLOGGED SOIL

Seed has vivipary characreristic

Able to germinate while still attached to the mothers plants.Can float horizontally on water.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE To Count Population Size

Quadrat Sampling Technique. To study & estimate the plants population size.

Percentage coverage= Area coverage of all quadrat (m3) x 100

Nu of quadrats x quadrat area

Density = Total num of individual sp in all quadrat

num of quadrats x quadrat area

Frequency = Num of quadrats containing sp x 100%

num of quadrat

CAPTURE, MARK, REALEASE & RECAPTURE TECHNIQUE

Populatation size = Num of individuals 1st sample x Num of 2nd sample

Num of marked individual recapture

Treatment

Early treatment through nutrition and gradual restoration of body mass can correct some of the physical symptoms.

Counselling to help the patients to correct any distorted belief the patients may have about their body shape and weight, as well as to help the patients overcome their emotional distress.

Bulimia Nervosa

Warning signs!!

Anxiety Mood swings, depression Frequent trips to the bathroom

after eating Hiding food in unusual places Highly self-critical Difficulties in breathing and

swallowing Fainting spells Irregular menstrual periods Frequent weight fluctuations Pronounced jaw swelling from

frequent vomiting

Symptoms..

Malnutrition Hormonal imbalance Influenza Kidney problem Cardiovascular problems Liver disease

Extra info about Bulimia Nervosa…

Unlike anorexics, victims of bulimia may have a normal body mass.

The victims consume huge amounts of food in a short period of time.

The victims feel out of control and are unable to stop eating during a binge. They also feel guilty, ashamed, disgusted or depressed following a binge.

Treatment…

Observing the patient to ensure that the person eats correctly, obtain counselling and medication.

The end…

Fatin Emalina Nurul Izzah Raden Nurhana Noor Faradzela

Bye-Bye!! See you next time. Don’t

forget to study…!