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College Students and College Students and GamblingGambling

Arlene C. Miller, L.C.S.W., Arlene C. Miller, L.C.S.W., N.C.G.C.N.C.G.C.

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and Gambling

Sources: Festering Beneath The Surface: Sources: Festering Beneath The Surface: Gambling and College Students – Illinois Gambling and College Students – Illinois Higher Education Center for Alcohol, Higher Education Center for Alcohol, Other Drug and Violence Prevention Other Drug and Violence Prevention ReportReport

Dr. Andrew Wall, Eastern Illinois Dr. Andrew Wall, Eastern Illinois University, Phone: 217-581-2019University, Phone: 217-581-2019


Purpose of Study: Raise Awareness of Purpose of Study: Raise Awareness of Silent AddictionSilent Addiction

Reviewed: Existing LiteratureReviewed: Existing Literature PrevalencePrevalence Risk FactorsRisk Factors Administrative AwarenessAdministrative Awareness Potential Prevention EffortsPotential Prevention Efforts

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingRising Stress LevelsRising Stress Levels

Worries About College PricesWorries About College Prices RelationshipsRelationships GradesGrades Standardized TestsStandardized Tests Finding EmploymentFinding Employment Career ExpectationsCareer Expectations Uncertainty of International Affairs and Uncertainty of International Affairs and

TerrorismTerrorism

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingReports of Higher Stress Linked ToReports of Higher Stress Linked To

Alcohol and Drug AbuseAlcohol and Drug Abuse Mental IllnessMental Illness Depression and SuicideDepression and Suicide

Gambling Prevalence High But Gambling Prevalence High But Receives Little AttentionReceives Little Attention

4% - 8% Estimated Pathological4% - 8% Estimated Pathological 90% males/82% females gambled at least 90% males/82% females gambled at least

once in past yearonce in past year 25% College Students gambled at least 25% College Students gambled at least

once per week once per week


Increased Increased Availability of Availability of Legalized Gambling Legalized Gambling

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and Gambling Increased Youth Increased Youth

Gambling, Lowered Gambling, Lowered Age of OnsetAge of Onset


Internet GenerationInternet Generation


Increased Visibility of Increased Visibility of Sporting Events Sporting Events

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and Gambling Increased Access To Increased Access To

Money, Attitudes Money, Attitudes Towards Money Towards Money


Increased Marketing Increased Marketing StrategiesStrategies


StagesStages Casual Casual ProblemProblem Pathological Pathological


Unorthodox SchedulesUnorthodox Schedules Supply of ParticipantsSupply of Participants Sports and GamblingSports and Gambling Silent AddictionSilent Addiction AnonymityAnonymity

Pathological Gambling – The Pathological Gambling – The Nature of the DisorderNature of the Disorder

Cognitive DisorderCognitive Disorder Preoccupation and Planning (Past, Future, Preoccupation and Planning (Past, Future,

Creating Spots, Protecting Stash)Creating Spots, Protecting Stash) Impulse Control DisorderImpulse Control Disorder Escape Route/Living in FantasyEscape Route/Living in Fantasy ChasingChasing

Pathological Gambling – The Pathological Gambling – The Nature of the DisorderNature of the Disorder

Lying – “The One Who Lies the Best Wins”Lying – “The One Who Lies the Best Wins” Violating the Value SystemViolating the Value System Unhealthy Relationship to MoneyUnhealthy Relationship to Money Solution is in the DisorderSolution is in the Disorder Highest Attempted Suicide RateHighest Attempted Suicide Rate The One Third RuleThe One Third Rule

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingRisk Factors Associated with Risk Factors Associated with

Adolescent Gambling Adolescent Gambling

Males, Ages 16-25Males, Ages 16-25 Early Age of Onset of GamblingEarly Age of Onset of Gambling Large Wins Early in Gambling CareerLarge Wins Early in Gambling Career Parental Gambling LevelsParental Gambling Levels Depression before GamblingDepression before Gambling Chasing LossesChasing Losses Poor Grades Poor Grades

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingRisk Factors Associated With Risk Factors Associated With

Adolescent GamblingAdolescent Gambling

Other Addictive BehaviorsOther Addictive Behaviors Low –Income BackgroundLow –Income Background History of DelinquencyHistory of Delinquency EthnicityEthnicity Education: College Graduates More At Education: College Graduates More At

RiskRisk External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of Control

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingRisk Factors Associated With Risk Factors Associated With

Adolescent GamblingAdolescent Gambling

Residency ie. AvailabilityResidency ie. Availability Low Self EsteemLow Self Esteem Peer Group of GamblersPeer Group of Gamblers Student AthletesStudent Athletes

College Students and Gambling College Students and Gambling To Be Gambling, A Game Must Contain Three Elements:To Be Gambling, A Game Must Contain Three Elements:

A consideration or a pay to play arrangement (the A consideration or a pay to play arrangement (the stakes)stakes)

A prize or an opportunity to win somethingA prize or an opportunity to win something A chance, a disposition of results in which knowledge A chance, a disposition of results in which knowledge

and skill are either not involved or play a very limited role and skill are either not involved or play a very limited role dominated by chancedominated by chance

Resource: Resource: Seducing America: Is Gambling a GoodSeducing America: Is Gambling a Good Bet?Bet? by Rex M. Rogers by Rex M. Rogers


All gambling involves risk, but not all risk is gamblingAll gambling involves risk, but not all risk is gambling Risk taking is a normal activity – gambling, however, is Risk taking is a normal activity – gambling, however, is

an artificially contrived risk.an artificially contrived risk. The gain of the winner is always related to the loss of the The gain of the winner is always related to the loss of the

loser. loser. ““Gambling may be defined as an activity in which a Gambling may be defined as an activity in which a

person subjects something of value – usually money – to person subjects something of value – usually money – to a risk involving a large element of chance in the hopes of a risk involving a large element of chance in the hopes of winning something of greater value, which is usually winning something of greater value, which is usually more money.” more money.”

Resource: Resource: Seducing America: Is Gambling a GoodSeducing America: Is Gambling a Good Bet?Bet? by Rex M. Rogers by Rex M. Rogers


Case ExampleCase Example

21YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family 21YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family Hx Positive for CD (Removed), Most Hx Positive for CD (Removed), Most Family Members with College Degrees, Family Members with College Degrees, 21YO – Multiple Colleges – Flunked Out, 21YO – Multiple Colleges – Flunked Out, Withdrew or Fabricated Grades, Sports Withdrew or Fabricated Grades, Sports Betting with a Bookie, Unemployed, Betting with a Bookie, Unemployed, Depressed, Became a BookieDepressed, Became a Bookie



21YO, Family of Origin Intact, Family Hx 21YO, Family of Origin Intact, Family Hx Positive for CD (Removed), Star Jock, Positive for CD (Removed), Star Jock, Sports Scholarship, ADD, Always an Sports Scholarship, ADD, Always an Underachiever Academically, $5000 Debt Underachiever Academically, $5000 Debt to Bookie, “The Arrogant One”, Dropped to Bookie, “The Arrogant One”, Dropped Out of CollegeOut of College



24YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family 24YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family Hx Positive for CD (Removed), Gambling Hx Positive for CD (Removed), Gambling Started in Sophomore Year of College, Started in Sophomore Year of College, Sports Betting with Bookie, Casino Card Sports Betting with Bookie, Casino Card Playing, Graduated College $60,00 First Playing, Graduated College $60,00 First Job, Credit Card Debt from gambling = Job, Credit Card Debt from gambling = $15,000, Plays Sports Often$15,000, Plays Sports Often



21YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family 21YO Male, Family of Origin Intact, Family Hx Positive for CG and CD (Removed), Hx Positive for CG and CD (Removed), Diagnosed ADD, Bright, Low Grades, Diagnosed ADD, Bright, Low Grades, Sports Betting, Card Playing, Online Sports Betting, Card Playing, Online BettingBetting

College Students and GamblingCollege Students and GamblingStrategiesStrategies

Blocked ComputersBlocked Computers Freshman OrientationFreshman Orientation Collaboration: Administrators, Staff, StudentsCollaboration: Administrators, Staff, Students Development of Administrative PoliciesDevelopment of Administrative Policies Counseling CentersCounseling Centers Information and EducationInformation and Education ??????????

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