college on campus: american history chapter 29
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7/23/2019 College on Campus: American History Chapter 29
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Richard Nixon on the Purpose of Lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPes!a"#tc
President Nixon$s %omestic Po&icyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r'(i(wdL)*s
Richard Nixon on +e&farehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct#i,-n,ow
Nixon and %etentehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di012345s6tart at 7:22
4it&e 5 at 87http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2"!987dyb6-
bby +ambach 4a&s 4it&e 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=;2w<b0('L!o
istory of 4>4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyr%P+NN7
4he @o&d +ar 7:77<A:B7http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=#@;B6)C'%7
4he Dietnam +ar 6imp&ifiedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7t<YEemw*s
Fnd of the Dietnam +ar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=954i*C,6AF
4he @arter dministrationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyNALPF-'7
Risin( 4ide of @onservatismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrxD19DHA8
Reaga a! Amer"ca #ree!omhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=$h%D&p#'(aw
President 1era&d Cord: +hip nf&ation Now
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v="0Lw!sncY
"erry Ca&we&& Preachin(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ebc1r(Gds
"immy @arter on the Panama @ana&http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP*-#0+@8
4he Rise of @onservatism
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G@rx%3#%
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@o&&e(e studentswent to @hica(o to
he&p the city$s poorpeop&e tae contro&of their communities.4hey tar(eted aone<mi&e s!uaresection five mi&esnorth of the Loop the
city center. 4his areawas now as0ptown.
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Newspapercentered from
0ptownH @hica(o wasca&&ed Risin( up
n(ry. 4his paperstated that there werein9ustices in the wor&dthat must be so&ved.4hese "GN or 6%6students &ived in0ptown and tried to
create a community.
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4he @hica(o uptown pro9ectwas part of "GN I"obs or
ncome NowJwas one of theten pro9ects created by 6%6I6tudents for a %emocratic6ocietyJ.n "une 3#,B 4omayden issued a dec&aration
of princip&es Ka new ind ofpo&itica& movement thatwou&d brin( peop&e out ofiso&ation and into community.
4his was the uronstatement.
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4he 6ixties was theconver(ence of society$s mostexc&uded membersdemandin( fu&& acceptance toa&& its benefits with the chi&drenof the midd&e c&ass re9ectin(the socia& main stream
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Ey the pea in 3#,H 6%6 had 2A7 chapters and between,7H777 and 377H777 members promise to (ive peop&e contro&over the decisions affectin( their &ives appea&ed to more than a
mi&&ion students
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Richard C&acs 6%6 member statedH Kchose betweendevotin( its resources and ener(ies to maintainin( mi&itary
superiority and internationa& he(emony or rechanne&in(those resources and ener(ies t meetin( the desperateneed of its peop&e. C&acs is a professor of history at 6antaEarbara.
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"ames Ea&dwin uses the consensusof the abuses towards the b&acs.)ichae& arrin(ton shows the
abuses towards the pureM "ane"acobs critici*ed urban renewa&
Rache& @arsonexposed the
environmenta&costs foreconomics.
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)ario 6avio was astudent &eader of the0niversity ofEere&eyM 4his is animpersona& machineM
@&asses over 3H777studentsM we mustre(ain di(nity
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n economicsH a negative income tax Iabbreviated NITJ isa pro(ressive income tax system where peop&e earnin( be&ow a
certain amount receive supp&ementa& pay from the (overnmentinstead of payin( taxes to the (overnment. 6uch a system hasbeen discussed by economists but never fu&&y imp&emented. twas deve&oped by Eritish po&itician "u&iet Rhys<+i&&iams in the3#87s &ater by 0nited 6tates economist )i&ton CriedmanNe(ative income taxes can imp&ement a basic income or
supp&ement a (uaranteed minimum income system.n a ne(ative income tax systemH peop&e earnin( a certainincome &eve& wou&d owe no taxesM those earnin( more thanthat wou&d pay a proportion of their income above that &eve&Mand those be&ow that &eve& wou&d receive a payment of aproportion of their shortfa&&H which is the amount their incomefa&&s be&ow that &eve&.
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyLyndon B. Johnson being sworn in
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4he Dietnam
+ar
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n u(ustH 3#,8 06 under the authori*ation or 6ecretary of %efense Robert
)cNamaraM 6tated the 06 ships were attaced by the North Dietnamese. 4heDietnam +ar started. n %ecember B77AH the Nationa& 6ecurity (ency fina&&ystated that there was no North Dietnam attac.
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Nationa& 6ecurity
@ounci&:
Recommended that the0nited 6tates be(in airstries a(ainst NorthDietnam and introduce
merican (roundtroops in the 6outh.LE"$s approva& recordwent up to ;B from8B. merica$s most
unpopu&ar war startedup very popu&ar in theeyes of mericans
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4he )addox 06 +arshipwas not shot at by the NorthDietnamese which caused theDietnam +ar with Fntry of the
0nited 6tates. LE" 1rantedthe 4onin Reso&ution (ranthim (reat power in the war
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4he second 4onin 1u&f incident was ori(ina&&y c&aimed by the 0.6. Nationa& 6ecurity (ency to have occurred on u(ust 8H 3#,8H as another sea batt&eH but instead may
have invo&ved O4onin 1hostsO,Q Ifa&se radar ima(esJ and not actua& NDN torpedo boatattacs.
4he outcome of these two incidents was the passa(e by @on(ress of the 1u&f of 4onin
Reso&utionH which (ranted President Lyndon E. "ohnson the authority to assistany 6outheast sian country whose (overnment was considered to be 9eopardi*ed byOcommunist a((ressionO. 4he reso&ution served as "ohnsons &e(a& 9ustification for
dep&oyin( 0.6. conventiona& forces and the commencement of open warfare a(ainstNorth Dietnam.
n B77AH an interna& Nationa& 6ecurity (ency historica& study was dec&assifiedM it
conc&uded;Q that the Maddox had en(a(ed the North Dietnamese Navy on u(ust BH butthat there were no North Dietnamese Nava& vesse&s present durin( the incident of u(ust8. 4he report stated re(ardin( u(ust B:
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LE" faced 3#,8 e&ection and new that a ma9or mi&itary setbac
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LE" faced 3#,8 e&ection and new that a ma9or mi&itary setbacwou&d cripp&e his campai(n. e used his Nationa& 6ecurity
(ency and found there were two 0nited 6tates patro& boats thatwere attac. 4hese patro& boats never were attaced. Robert
)cNamara fabricated a &ie. LE" used this to esca&ate theDietnam +ar and especia&&y (ain the 1u&f of 4onin Reso&utions.Cu&& support from @on(ress
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Vietnam and the New Left
y!o *oh+o,+ -ar
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4he 06/@ &ed a coup a(ainst N(o %inh%iem since he cou&d not wor at unifyin( 6outh
orean. e persecuted the Euddhist
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ennedy: K@ounterinsur(ency intervention to counter
interna& uprisin(s in on communist countries. a&t thespread of 4hird +or&d Revo&utions. %espite the dispatchof increased merican id and numerous mi&itaryadvisers. +e had 3;H777 06 mi&itary advisors in in 6outhDietnam.
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Lyndon Johnson’s
Presidency
he 19% 0ect"o
he Co+ervat"ve 2"xt"e+
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Creedom was aconstant word used inthe 3#,8 Presidentia&
F&ection: 1o&dwaterCreedom of )aretsM"ohnson freedomthrou(h (overnment
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Vietnam and the New Left
! a! 3ew )e4t+
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%eeper in
the
-ua(mire
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LE" ordered Ro&&in( 4hunder a campai(n to intensify airattacs a(ainst North Dietnam.
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Ey &ate 3#, the 0nited 6tates had dropped more than 2mi&&ion tons of bombs on Dietnam and eventua& droppedmore than 2 times the tonna(e dropped by the &&ies on a&&
fronts durin( ++
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Dietnamese were &oya& to the 0nited 6tates were shotin the streets of North Dietnam. 4his was foota(e onte&evision.
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6eein( to ferret outDietcon( sympathi*ersH0nited 6tates troopedturned at any one timesas many as 8 mi&&ionpeop&e H one<!uarter ofthe popu&ation of 6outh
Dietnam becamerefu(ees. 4he 0nited6tates wou&d drop (entGran(e (as to mae
sure a&& Dietnamesewere out of a territory. @rue& (as
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idin( and (ueri&&a warfare weremuch apart of the North Dietnams
strate(y. 4here were over B77H777mi&es of tunne&s in the Dietnam +ar
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Vietnam and the New Left
mer"ca a! 5"etam
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A burned store
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4he
@redibi&ity1ap
)or&ey 6afer @E6 reported that in the vi&&a(e of @am Ne
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y p (showed marines settin( fire to the thatches homes of civi&ians.4he rmy previous&y reported that the @am Ne was a fortifiedDietcon( buner. President "ohnson ridicu&ed 6afer and @E6.I6afer to&d the truthJ
4e&evision reporters exp&ained that there were B,
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4e&evision reporters exp&ained that there were B,0nited 6tates deaths per wee in 3#,A to 37 deathsin 3#,;.
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6enator . +i&&iam Cu&bri(ht of ransas speed the 4onin
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6enator . +i&&iam Cu&bri(ht of ransas speed the 4oninReso&ution. oweverH he was the most adamant critic of theDietnam +ar.
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Dietnam +ar )emoria&
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The war in Vietnam was discussed
@yrus Dance Iri(htJ is discoura(ed &ie
6ecretary of %efense Robert )cNamara
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)emoria& for the Prisoners of Dietnam +ar
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anoi i&ton:
4he torture of aNorth Dietnamprison camp
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
A 1967 rally
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The Freedom Movement
he R"+"g "!e o4 'rote+t
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6earch and %estroyM merican p&anes dropped more tons of bombs onthe sma&& countries of North and 6outh Dietnam than both sided used
in a&& of ++
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
American soldiers in South Vietnam carrying
wounded men
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1eneration in@onf&ict: 4he
4imes are a
@han(in(
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@&ar err 0niversity of Eere&ey
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@&ar err 0niversity of Eere&eypresident out &aw freedom ofspeech on the campus. "oan
Eae* (ave free concert atEere&ey promotin( freedom ofspeech. Eae* was arrested.
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
embers o! Students !or a "emocratic Society #S"S$
6%6 6tudents at Eer&ey
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
%olice arresting ario Sa&io
)ario 6avio arrested at
Eer&ey
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@o&umbia 0niversityinvo&ved a protest inwhich defenseresearch occurredand a (ymnasium
bein( bui&t in a par
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)ar Rudd of @o&umbia 0niversity enro&&ed to Ksearch fortruth in a wor&d that desperate&y need he&p. nstead found
corporation that made money from rea& estate (overnmentresearch contracts and student fees. @o&&e(es then a&&owedstudents to &ive off of campuses
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4 d R dd &i i &b N
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4oday Rudd &ives in &bu!uer!ueH New)exicoH with his wifeH )ar&a IPainterJ.38Q Rudd maintains a website ca&&ed)arRudd.com where he fre!uent&y
posts essays and other writin(sHinc&udin( his opinions oncontemporary issuesH and a persona&appearance schedu&e.3AQ e trave&saround the country in support of thenew&y reborn 6tudents for a
%emocratic 6ociety. RuddH a&on( withErian e&&y of Pace 6%6H have he&pedestab&ish ties between the new 6%6and the ent 6tate 0niversitymovement. e recent&y pub&ishedanother boo on his time with 6%6and 4he +eathermen ca&&ed
K0nder(round: )y Life with the 6%6and the +eathermenH which waspub&ished by arper @o&&ins in B77#and is more a persona& memoir on his&ife and times rather than a po&itica&statement as was his first boo.
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Vietnam and the New Left
he #a!"g Co+e+u+
he R"+e o4 2tu!et+ 4or a Democrat"c 2oc"ety 62D27
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6an Crancisco
ai(ht<shbury
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@ar& G(&esbys father was from 6outh@aro&inaH and his mother from &abama.
4hey met in ronH GhioH where @ar&s fatherwored in the rubber mi&&s.3Q @ar&pro(ressed throu(h the ron Pub&ic 6choo&6ystemH winnin( a pri*e in his fina& year fora speech in favor of mericas @o&d+ar stance. e went to ent 6tate0niversityM but dropped out in his third yearto try to mae his way as an actor andp&aywri(ht in 1reenwich Di&&a(eHa bohemian area of New Yor. fter a yearHhe returned to ent 6tate and (raduatedHwritin( three p&ays Iinc&udin( Oa we&&<received wor on the atfie&d<)c@oy feudOJ
3Q and an unfinished nove&. e wored atodd 9obs unti&H around 3#,7H he cameto )ichi(an.
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Eob %y&an and 6ue Roto&o &ived in 1reenwich Di&&a(e )anhattan
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Griswold v. Connecticut H 23 0.6. 8;#
I3#,AJH3Q
is a &andmar case in which the6upreme @ourt of the 0nited 6tates ru&edthat the @onstitution protected a ri(ht toprivacy. 4he case invo&ved a @onnecticutstatute that prohibits any person fromusin( Oany dru(H medicina& artic&e orinstrument for the purpose of preventin(conception.O Ey a vote of ;SBH the6upreme @ourt inva&idated the &aw on the
(rounds that it vio&ated the Ori(ht tomarita& privacyO.
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4urn onH 4une inH %rop outH 4imothy Leahry
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Leahry was
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Leahry wasarrested B#different times
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"oan Eae*and Eob%y&an
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A 'oster listing some o! the 'er!ormers
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
%romoter o! the hallucinogenic drug LS"(
listening to the band )uic*sil&eressenger Ser&ice
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Eetween 877H777<A77H777 peop&e (athered at a farmin +oodstocH New Yor to &isten to the 3#,7$s )usic.No po&iceH few restroomH &itt&e food but a (reat dea& ofmusic and dru(s.
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyA massi&e 1969 antiwar demonstration
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Two young members o! the countercultureat their wedding in +ew e,ico.
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAntiwar %rotest
Vietnam and Watergate
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U he 0! o4 the 5"etam -ar
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Crom @ampusProtest to )ass
)obi&i*ation
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Vietnam and the New Left
he At"war ovemet
he Coutercuture
er+oa )"berat"o a! the #ree !"v"!ua
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%ow @hemica& came to the 0niversity of +isconsin tointerview students for 9obs. Gver BH777 students protest
a(ainst %ows use of napa&m in the Dietnam +ar. Dio&ence bythe po&ice occurred.
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%ean Rus6 f 6
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6ecretary of 6tate:Gn NE@ )eet thePressH stated: 4he
net effect of thesedemonstration wi&&
be to pro&on( thewarH not to shortenit.
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%an and Phi&ip Eerri(an two"esuit priests raided the draftboard offices and pourednapa&m on records.
4here wou&d bea V37H777 fine
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for any draft
card burned. nestimated87H777 bombin(incidentsoccurred. +ithover VB3 mi&&ionin dama(e and82 peop&es &ives&ost in nti<
Dietnam +ar%emonstrations
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4eena(e
6o&diers
+orin( c&ass youn( men disproportionate&y frican mericanHLatino si(ned up in &ar(e numbers under inducements. 0nti&3#,# the 6e&ective 6ervice 6ystem the draft (ave deferments toco&&e(e students and to worers in se&ected occupations
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co&&e(e students and to worers in se&ected occupations.4he poor a&so bore the brunt of come combat. +hereas co&&e(e(raduates constituted on&y 3B of the B.A mi&&ion men whoserved in Dietnam and # who were i&&ed in combat. i(h6choo& dropouts were the most &ie&y to serve in combat.
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ee 2o!"er+ " 5"etam-ar
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a
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)uhammad &i: 6poe up for the anti<Dietnam war movement by c&aimed to
be a consciousness ob9ector with hiss&am faith. &i &ost crown and mi&&ions ofdo&&ars.
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0nited 6tates so&dier in Dietnam smoin( mari9uanathrou(h an empty barre& of a rif&e.
87 of the ., mi&&ion who served came bac withdru( dependency of symptom of post traumatic stressdisorder
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disorder.
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+ar on
Poverty
Lyndon Johnson’s
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Presidency
he -ar o 'overty
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umb&ebac(round wentto 4exas 6tate@o&&e(eM +oredfor NY INew
%ea&J. 4ire&esscon(ressman
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4he 1reat
6ociety
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@hica(o 3#, @onvention
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4he Fconomic Gpportunity ct of u(ust 3#,8+as to create 9obs for the poor. 4he most innovative ancontroversia& e&ement was @P @ommunity ction Pro(ramwhich mandated Kmaximum feasib&e participation 4he 6%6
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which mandated maximum feasib&e participation. 4he 6%6
be&ieved that this wou&d empower the poor by (ivin( them adirect say in mobi&i*in( resource.
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company%resident Lyndon Johnson &isited A''alachia
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Lyndon Johnson’sP id
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Presidency
ree!om a! 0ua"ty
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D64: n LE" pro(ram which was simi&ar to the Peace @orps but he&p
the inner city peop&e in poverty instead of the wor&d poverty issue.
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ead start ear&y
support for education
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"ohnson never committed himse&f to rea&&ocation income orwea&th. 6pendin( on socia& we&fare 9umped from ;.; of the1NP in 3#,7 to 3, in 3#;8. Eut rou(h&y three<!uarters ofsocia& we&fare payments went to the non<poor. 4he &ar(est
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sums went to )edicare estab&ished by @on(ress in 3#,A
avin( made the &ar(est commitment to federa&spendin( on socia& we&fare since the New %ea&H "ohnsoncou&d tae pride in the number of pro(rams passed by@on(ress.
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@on(ress.
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LE"$s Library at the 0niversityof 4exas ustinH 4exas
Proposition 38 which I@a&iJrepea&ed a 3#,2 &aw bannin(racia& discrimination in thesa&e of rea& estate deve&opers
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@onservative 6ixties YC IYoun( mericans for CreedomJ
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6haronH @onn. ome of +i&&iam Euc&eyestab&ishes YC and the 6haron 6tatement
YC and the Nationa& Review did however endorse racist 6enator6trom 4hurmond of 6outh @aro&inaM Creedom ward was (ive to
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4hurmond
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@risis in
cities
@ites wi&& destroy o&d house and bui&d newhi(hways.
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Dietnam +ar brou(ht the unemp&oyment rate down from, to 8 in 3#,,. Yet E&ac unemp&oyment was near&ytwice of the white unemp&oyment
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0rban
0prisin(s
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2, peop&e died and #77 were in9ured in +atts riots of3#,A
NewarH New"ersey a city withsevere housin(
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severe housin(
shorta(es and thenations hi(hestb&ac
unemp&oyment ratethe bearin( andarrest of a b&actaxi driver by a
white po&ice officerspared a protestBA died.
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3#,
Year of
4urmoi&
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198: ;ear o4 urmo"
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)ay 3#, riots occurred in Paris overpersona& &iberties and educationa& reform
196
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he <oba 198
)exico 3#,
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6tudent riotsand E&ac%emonstration at G&ympic
1ames
196
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;ear o4 urmo"
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4et
Gffensive
4he 0nited 6tatessuccessfu& stopped thea((ression of the NorthDietnamese. 4he Dietcon(
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and North Dietnamesesuffered more than 87H777deaths about one<fifth oftheir tota& force. 4he 4etGffensive despite the 0nited6tates success weaen thereso&ve of many mericans.News covera(e and4e&evision views on&y saw
the beautifu& ancient city ofue destroyed.
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+ith the embarrassment
of the 4et Gffensive LE"wou&d not run a(ain forpresident.
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in(H the +arand the
ssassination
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fter the assassination ofennedy Fu(ene
)c@arthy and ubertumphrey were frontrunners. )c@arthy was a&ibera& %emocrat and white
suburbanites. )c@arthywas a(ainst the Diet namewar and the campuses ca&&this the chi&dren$s crusade.
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4he +ho&e
+or&d s+atchin(
+hen b&ac demonstrationsoccurred after )artin Lutherin(s assassination @hica(o)ayor %a&ey was firm not to
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have any riots in his city. %a&eywas harsh to the b&acs.+hen the @hica(o @onventionoccurred u(ust B3<B, occurred%a&ey stopped a&& nti<+ar
demonstrations. Dio&ence andstrict conduct was uphe&d.%ai&ey wou&d not authority ademonstration permit to nti<
+ar demonstrators.)ari&yn Cran&in Ia ward director of ab&ac section in @hica(oH %a&ey and in(J
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%urin( the Presidentia& campai(n. %a&ey sta(ed a po&iceriot. No demonstrations were a&&owed and many werebeatenH arrested and detain for (reat periods of time durin(the %emocratic @onvention of 3#, in @hica(o
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Repub&ican
Dictory
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4he ubert umphrey presidentia& campai(n of 3#, be(an when Dice President ofthe 0nited 6tates ubert umphrey of )innesota decided to see the %emocraticParty nomination for President of the 0nited 6tates fo&&owin( the announcement byPresident Lyndon E. "ohnson that he wou&d not see the partys nomination."ohnson had been sta&&ed by the anti<Dietnam +ar candidacy of 6enator Fu(ene)c@arthy of )innesotaH who a&on( with 6enator Robert C. ennedy of New YorH
became the main opponents for umphrey 4he contest between the men featured
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became the main opponents for umphrey. 4he contest between the men featureda batt&e for contro& of the %emocratic PartyH and cast umphreys Oo&d po&iticsOHa(ainst the Onew po&iticsO of )c@arthy and ennedy. 4he main cause of the divisionwas the Dietnam +arH which intensified durin( umphreys tenure as Dice Presidentand (rew increasin(&y unpopu&ar.
umphrey entered the race too &ate to participate in any primariesH and re&ied onOfavorite sonO candidates to he&p him win de&e(ates. e a&so &obbied forendorsements from powerfu& bosses within the %emocratic PartyH which providedhim with necessary de&e(ates. 4his traditiona& approach was critici*ed by the othercandidatesH who hoped to win the nomination from popu&ar support. Robert ennedywas assassinated in "une 3#,H &eavin( )c@arthy as his on&y opponentH unti& the3#, %emocratic Nationa& @onventionH when 6enator 1eor(e )c1overn of 6outh%aota ran as the successor of ennedy. umphrey won the partys nomination atthe @onvention on the first ba&&otH amidst riots in @hica(o. e se&ected &itt&e<nown6enator Fdmund )usie of )aine as his runnin( mate.
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President Ni!on
U3" o a! -e4are
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3"xo a! -e4areU 3"xo a! Race
Richard Nixon on +e&farehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ct#i,-n,ow
Vietnam
U3"xo a! 5"etam
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3"xo a! 5"etam
4he Dietnam +ar 6imp&ifiedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7t<YEemw*s
4h
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4he
Princip&es
of dentity
E&
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E&ac
Power
4he E&acPanther Partyfounded inGa&andH
@a&ifornia in 3#,,
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@a&ifornia in 3#,,by uey NewtonI&eftJ and Eobby
6ea& Iri(htJbe&ieved in E&acLeather "ustice.
Dio&ence ifnecessary. 6ea&ewas incarceratedfor 37 ears.
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Rev. "esse "acson ra&&ied frican mericans in@hica(o to boycott >P supermarets ti&& >Phired ;77 b&ac worers.
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"esse "acson$s attac on >P created more opportunities forb&acs.
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uey Newton attended the 0niversity of 6an CranciscoLaw 6choo&. +ith the E&ac Panthers brou(ht in thestudies of frican merican istory @&ass as mandatory.@&eve&and 6tate then fo&&owed suit.
)any famous b&acs chan(ed their names such asmamu miri Iformer&y Leroi "onesJ )uhammad &iIformer&y @assius @&ayJ and wame 4oure Iformer&y6toe&y @amrichae&J re9ected their Ks&ave names.
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6wann vs. @har&otte
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6wann vs. @har&ottethe 9usticesunanimous&y approveda &ower court$s p&anthat re!uired the
extensivetransportation ofstudents to achieveinte(ration
Reed vs. Rhodes wasa court case whicha&&owed forced busin(
for inte(ration in Ghio@& & d t&
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for inte(ration in Ghio.@&eve&and was (reat&yeffected
6an ntonio ndependent 6choo& %istrict v.Rodri(ue*: @ourt ma9ority ru&ed that the@onstitution did not re!uire e!ua&ity of schoo&fundin(.
)i&ien v Erad&ey
n %etroit I3#;8J the 9ustices overturned a &owercourt order that re!uired %etroit$s
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court order that re!uired %etroit spredominant&y white suburb to enter into are(iona& dese(re(ation p&an with the city$sheavi&y minority system. 4his (uaranteed thehousin( se(re(ation wou&d mirror pub&iceducation.
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Richard and )i&dredLovin( sued and wona&&owin( their mixedracia& marria(e
&fred .)ayer$s court
case e&iminated
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case e&iminatedhousin(discriminationfor minorities
s "ustice Erennan saidin Baker v. Carr H 2,# 0.6. 3,HB3; I3#,BJH O4he doctrine ofwhich we treat is one of po&itica&
!uestionsH not one of po&itica&
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! pcases. 4he courts cannot re9ectas no &aw suit a bona fidecontroversy as to whether someaction denominated po&itica&exceeds constitutiona&
authority.O 4his distinction isimportant to remember. Notevery po&itica&&y char(ed casesatisfies the po&itica& !uestiondoctrineM in fact few actua&&y doHeven where one of the parties tothe case is a po&itica& Ie&ectedJ
branch of (overnment.
6i t h d
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6isterhood
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A race o!!icial tried to eect /athrine Swit0er !rom
the Boston arathon
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&ice Pau& and the +omen$sPartyH FR had been revivedby second wave feminist. n3#;B the @on(ress approvedthe FR howeverH Phy&&is6ch&af&y opposed the FR of3#;B and 2 states.
Phy&&is 6ch&af&y wasfundamenta&&y differentin that she campai(neda(ainst the F!ua& Ri(hts
mendment. 6he
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mendment. 6hec&aimed that theamendment wou&d taeaway the ri(ht to be a
housewife
Gne of the women$s (roupactivist created pub&icity forthe movement by stormin(the 3#, )iss mericaEeauty Pa(eant in t&antic
@ity. 4hey crowned a &ive
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y ysheep as !ueen and threwimp&ements of fema&etorture IbrasH (ir&sH cur&ers
and a copy of Ladies ome"ourna&J
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Eetween 3#;7 and3#;A as many as 3A7women studies
pro(rams were
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p (estab&ishedM by 3#7offered at co&&e(es anduniversities throu(hout
the 0nited 6tatesH andthe mumber of womenin the wor forcecontinued to (row.
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The New Movementsand the "ights
"evo#$tion
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he Feminine Mystique
ome,+ )"berat"o
President Ni!on
U he Cot"u"g 2exua Revout"o
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A 197 women2s liberation demonstration
at the Statue o! Liberty
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Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company3emale students on the cam'us
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boo writtenby a (roup ofEoston
women dea&tfran&y with
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fran&y withmisunderstands of women$shea&th and sex
nti<(ay commentswere seen with nita
Eryant a fami&iarfixture in te&evised
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Gran(e "uicecommercia&sH %ade@ountyH C&oridaH
passed an anti<(ayordinance under thebanner K6ave Gur@hi&dren
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marr"e! -ome 6+exuarevout"o7
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Cogre++ appprove+ "te >
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"te >
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4it&e 5 at 87
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2"!987dyb6-
bby +ambach 4a&s 4it&e 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=;2w<b0('L!o
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1rove @ity @o&&e(e v. Ee&&H 8,A 0.6. AAA I3#8JH was a case in
which the 0nited 6tates 6upreme @ourt he&d that 4it&e 5H whichapp&ies on&y to co&&e(es and universities that receive federa&fundsH cou&d be app&ied to a private schoo& that refused directfedera& fundin( but where a &ar(e number of students had
received federa&&y funded scho&arships. 4he @ourt a&so he&dthat the federa& (overnment cou&d re!uire a statutori&y
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mandated Oassurance of comp&ianceO with 4it&e 5 even thou(hno evidence had been presented to su((est that 1rove @ity@o&&e(e had discriminated in any way. oweverH the @ourt a&so
he&d that the re(u&ation wou&d on&y app&y to the institutionsfinancia& aid departmentH not to the schoo& as a who&e.
+hi&e i&&sda&e @o&&e(e was not a party to this caseH the resu&t
of this case direct&y inf&uenced that institution to dec&ine a&&federa& aid startin( with the fa&& 3#8 semesterH a practice thatcontinues today. 1rove @ity fo&&owed suit in 3#H estab&ishin(a &oan pro(ram with PN@ Ean instead.
1ay
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1ayLiberation
6tonewa&& Ear in NewYor$s 1reenwich Di&&a(e is
a (ay bar. 6teppin( out ofthe c&oset started at this bar
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the c&oset started at this bar
n the )id 3#A7$s two pioneerin( homophi&e or(ani*ations the)attachien 6ociety and %au(hters of Ei&itis campai(neda(ainst discrimination in emp&oyment. &so North Eeach in6an Crancisco were nown for bein( (ay.
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omosexua& arryay founded the
)attachine 6ocietythe first (ay
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( yor(ani*ation in thewor&d.
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The New Movementsand the "ights
"evo#$tion
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er+oa #ree!om
ay )"berat"o
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Lesbian )a(a*ines such as the Ladder and 1ir&friend are apartof the 3#,7$s movement for women
<ay )"berat"o
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@hicano
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@hicano
Rebe&&ion
@esar@have* and
%o&ores t
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uerta wereheadin( a
nationwideboycott ofnon<union<
piced rapesand &ettuce.
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@esar @have*H the son ofmi(rant farm worers and adiscip&e of in( &ed nationa&
boycotts of 1rapes
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%ia(eo Rivera a @hicano mura&ist painted an estimated 3HA77mura&s on exteriors of retai& shops to freeway over passes.
n 3#22H Rivera was commissioned to paint a mura& at the Rocefe&&er @enter in New Yor @ity. 4hemura&H tit&ed )an at the @rossroads Looin( with 0ncertainty but with ope and i(h Dision to the
@hoosin( of a @ourse Leadin( to a New and Eetter CutureH is divided into two sections: the &eftsection is the e&itist society en9oyin( &ife to the maximum whi&e drinin(H partyin( and p&ayin( cards.Eeside them is a (roup protestin( and carryin( banners statin( O+e +ant +orH Not @harityO whi&emounted po&ice c&ub them. 4he ri(ht section is Riveras vision of peace < no hun(erH no disorderH novio&ence or warHa&& of which have been eradicated by socia&ism. 4he most controversia& aspect of%ie(o Rivera$s mura& was the ima(e of Lenin with the Ofi(ures of a so&dierH a b&ac farmerH and a whiteworerO 9oinin( hands as if in power. 4his mura& caused a ma9or po&itica& uproar and the pro9ect wassuspended and in the endH the mura& was destroyed in 3#2A.
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%ie(o showin( the merits of socia&ism in Rocefe&&er @enter.
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%ie(o$s wor Rocefe&&er @enter
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Red or
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Red or
ndianPower
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4he Lon(est +a& was by Red Power which was a five monthmatch in 3#; from 6an Crancisco to +ashin(ton. 6howedthe 0nited 6tates vio&ation to triba& treaties.
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O4he Lon(est +a&O I3#;J was an )<&ed spiritua& wa& across the country to
support triba& soverei(nty and brin( attention to 33 pieces of anti<ndian &e(is&ationM ) be&ieved that the proposed &e(is&ation wou&d have abro(ated ndian 4reatiesH!uantified and &imited water ri(htsH etc. 4he first wa& be(an on Cebruary 33H 3#;Hwith a ceremony on &catra* s&andH where a 6acred Pipe was &oaded with tobacco.4he Pipe was carried the entire distance. 4his 2HB77<mi&e IAH377 mJ<+a&spurpose was to educate peop&e about the 06 (overnments continuin( threat to
4riba& 6overei(ntyM it ra&&ied thousands representin( many ndian Nationsthrou(hout the 0nited 6tates and @anada. 4raditiona& spiritua& &eaders from manytribes participatedH &eadin( traditiona& ceremonies. nternationa& spiritua& &eadersH
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(primari&y from "apanH a&so supported the +a&.
Gn "u&y 3AH 3#;H O4he Lon(est +a&O entered +ashin(tonH %[email protected] with severa&
thousand ndians and a number of non<ndian supporters. 4he traditiona& e&ders &edthem to the +ashin(ton )onumentH where the Pipe carried across the country wassmoed. Gver the fo&&owin( weeH they he&d ra&&ies at various sites to addressissues: the 33 pieces of &e(is&ationH merican ndian po&itica& prisonersH forcedre&ocation at Ei( )ountainH the Nava9o NationH etc. Non<ndian supporters inc&udedthe merican boxer )uhammad &iH 06 6enator 4ed ennedy and the actor )ar&on
Erando. 4he 06 @on(ress voted a(ainst a proposed bi&& to abro(ate treaties withndian Nations. %urin( the wee after the activists arrivedH @on(ress passed the merican ndian Re&i(ious Creedom ctH which a&&owed them the use of peyote inworship. President "immy @arter refused to meet with representatives of 4heLon(est +a&
Gn November B7H 3#,# a (roup of # ndians c&aimed the
is&and of &catra* accordin( to the terms of the 3, 4reatywith 6ioux the (ave ndians ri(hts to unused federa&property on ndian Land. Cor the next nineteen months ahundred ndian and 7 0@L students occupied the is&and.
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4he movement of thendians too over
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ndians too over &catra*H s&and)ovement was stron(er
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The New Movements and the "ights"evo#$tion
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Re! 'ower
sian
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sian
Rebe&&ion
t 6an Crancisco 6tateuniversity a (roup of sian formed the sian merican Po&itica&
a&&iance which @a&<Eer&ey modified to
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Eer&ey modified toYe&&ow Power. 4hese
(roups stood firm&ya(ainst the Dietnam +ar.4hey a&so protest the &ac
of inte(ration the 0nited6tates had for 6outheast sian peop&e.
4hrou(hout 3#, and 3#,#H sian merican co&&e(e students
boycotted c&asses and demanded he estab&ishment of ethnicstudies pro(rams. Ey 3#;2H ma9or university introduced courseson sian merican studies and a few set up interdiscip&inarydepartments.
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)aine on(in(stons +oman
+arrior: )emoir ofa 1ir&hood amon(
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a 1ir&hood amon(1hosts became ama9or best se&&er. tshowed the
importance of sian@u&ture.
n 3#, a (roup presented the 6an Crancisco municipa& (roup
made a &ist of (rievances with the sians. KYe&&ow Power.
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4he Nixon
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4he Nixon
Presidency
+i,on was loo*ed at as a
reactionists
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President Ni!on
U 3"xo,+ Dome+t"c 'o"c"e+
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President Nixon$s %omestic Po&icyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r'(i(wdL)*s
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+i,on did not ha&e the 'olitical sa&&y as /ennedy. +i,on lost a
+ational Tele&ision debate with /ennedy because o! is lac* o!
con!idence and calm
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Nixon abo&ished theGffice of FconomicGpportunities but (avemore food stamps andhe&p 6ocia& 6ecurity
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Nixon had an exce&&entrecord with inte(ration.4he southern schoo&shad a 2B of it$s
students attendin(inte(rated schoo&srose to ;;
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)aybe the (reatest misca&cu&ation in the history of merican forei(nre&ations. merica$s invo&vement in Diet Nam. ow do you win a warwhen in a !ua(mire? +in a war with counterinsur(ency fai&ed
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%omesticP &i
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Po&icy
%anie& )oynihanwith Richard Nixon
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%anie& )oynihan was the advisor for the fami&y ssistanceP&an which proposed a minima& income for the poor inp&ace of we&fare benefits @onservatives 9ud(ed the p&an
too (enerous. 4he p&an was too expensive and was i&&ed.
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Le(a& system was chan(ed from the Far& +arren tothe +arren Eur(er system. 4he Eur(er system stayedaway from &ibera& direction it had taen since 3#A7H
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Nixon ended the C%@: e rep&acethe C%@ byhavin( the federa&(overnment
(uarantee aminimum incomefor a&& mericans
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for a&& mericansa&so nown as
we&fare.
Richard Nixon on the Purpose of Lifehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPes!a"#tc
Phi&ade&phia p&an went a(ainst"ohnson$s %epartment of Laborre!uirement that Cedera& contractsmust have a specific number ofminorities on the payro&&. Nixon toothis same idea but with different
intentions. is intentions were tobrea up the %emocratic Party. Eyhavin( a division with 3J E&acs BJLabor 0nions
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f the b&acs are (iven more of
opportunity it wou&d diminish theamount of power in a union.E&acs and Labor 0nions werepredominant&y democratic now werein a rife.
Nixon initiatesthe ne(ativeincome tax that
wou&d rep&ace C%@ byhavin( the
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federa&(overnment(uarantee aminimumincome for a&&
mericans
Nixon and %etentehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di012345s 6tart at 7:22
Nixon$s
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+ar
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)uch of theresponsibi&ity forpro&on(in( the warrested with enry
issin(er. Nixon$snationa& securityd i f f &
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adviser. forcefu&persona&ityHH issin(erinsisted that the 0nited6tates cou&d not retainits (&oba& &eadership by
appearin( wea. e&ater said he waswron(.
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Dietnami*ationwas theprocess inwhich the
6outhDietnamese
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wou&d be ab&e
to tae over itsown affairs andwar. Nixon
Ditetnami*ationwas a &ie.
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4he 6outh Dietnamese did not have theresourceH expertise to fi(ht on its own.
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Gn pri& 27H3#;7 Nixon ordered the invasion of @ambodia.Nixon a month ear&ier said he is (oin( to tae B7H777 troops
from Dietnam which he did. owever he brou(ht in BAH777troops for the @ambodia nvasion. 6tudent @ampusdemonstrated for this betraya&
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ent 6tate %emonstrations after @ambodia nvasion
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4he four that diedin the Dietnam6hootin(s.
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wee before shootin(the RG4@ bui&din( atent was burnt down
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6tudent demonstrations with rebe&&ions a(ainstDietnam +ar: London 6choo& of Fconomics
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fter a (reat dea& of ne(ative pub&icity the @on(ressstopped (ivin( fundin( for @ambodia startin( "u&y 3H3#;7.
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Gn @hristmas %ay 3#;B hopin( for a better ne(otiationpositionH Nixon ordered one fina& wave of bombin(.
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4he Paris Peace a(reement si(ned by the 0nited 6tates in"anuary 3#;2 differed &itt&e from the sett&ement Nixon cou&dhave procured in 3#,#.
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4he Paris Peace ccords of 3#;2 intended to estab&ish peace in Dietnam and
an end to the Dietnam +arH ended direct 0.6. mi&itary invo&vementH andtemporari&y stopped the fi(htin( between North and 6outh Dietnam. 4he(overnments of the %emocratic Repub&ic of Dietnam INorth DietnamJH theRepub&ic of Dietnam I6outh DietnamJH and the 0nited 6tatesH as we&& as theProvisiona& Revo&utionary 1overnment IPR1J that represented indi(enous6outh Dietnamese revo&utionariesH si(ned the (reement on Fndin( the +ar
and Restorin( Peace in Dietnam on "anuary B;H 3#;2. 4he a(reement wasnot ratified by the 0nited 6tates 6enate.3QBQ
4he ne(otiations that &ed to the accord be(an in 3#, after various &en(thy
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4he ne(otiations that &ed to the accord be(an in 3#, after various &en(thyde&ays. s a resu&t of the accordH the nternationa& @ontro& @ommission I@@J
was rep&aced by nternationa& @ommission of @ontro& and 6upervision I@@6Jto fu&fi&& the a(reement. 4he main ne(otiators of the a(reement were 0nited6tates Nationa& 6ecurity dvisor enry issin(er and Dietnamese po&itburomember LW Xc 4hZM the two men were awarded the 3#;2 Nobe& Peace Pri*efor their effortsH a&thou(h LW Xc 4hZ refused to accept it.
4he +ar @ost V3A7 Ei&&ion 4he Nation had not on&y fai&ed
to achieve its stated war (oa& but &ost an important post in6outheast sia
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Payin(
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y (
the @hina@ard
Pin( pon( dip&omacy referred to Nixon and issin(erwou&d improve the re&ations with @hina.
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n 3#;B Pat and Richard Nixon f&ew to @hinato deve&op better re&ations with @hina$sCorei(n )inister ou Fn&ai
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Nixon$s
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Corei(n Po&icy
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Nixon went to )oscow to ne(otiate woth Leonid Ere*hnev.Ere*hnevH K4here must be room in this wor&d for two (reat nationwith different systems to &ive to(ether and wor to(ether. Nixon
a(reed to wor with Russia with 6L4 and .Istrate(ic arms &imitation treatyJ
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Nixon meets withEre*hnev of 066R
President Ni!on
U 3"xo a! Dtete
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part from Dietnam Nixon$s forei(n po&icy was simi&ar to
oover and Fisenhower. 4his po&icy was to prove communismwas a unsuccessfu& system which cou&d conci&iate internationa&foes with undermine their popu&arity at ome. Nixon used%[tente Ifriend&yJ instead of the bi<po&ari*ation. Nixon didimprove the 0nited 6tates re&ations with @hina and he 6oviet0nion.
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n a continuation of Nixon$s po&icy of detente H the0nited 6tates si(ned an a(reement at e&siniHCin&and. 6ecretary of 6tate issin(er and his 6ovietscounter partH ndr[ 1romyo
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Nixon didhowever supp&y
missi&es to the6hah of ran
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and Cerdinand)arcos of thePhi&ippines.
Nixon$s @ was
responsib&e intrainin( 6Dan ranian
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terrorist (roup tosupport the6hah.
Nixon$s @ i&&ed@hi&ean President
&&ende and capturedH
tortured and murderedthousands of hissupporter. Nixon then& 1 &
@hi&ean President &&ende
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p&ace 1enera& u(usto Pinochet(rantin( him financia&assistance to
reestab&ish thecountry.
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%irty 4rics
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and the 3#;B
Nixon formed a secret s!uad the p&umbers to ha&t the
troub&esome information &eas which went out to the media. 4heteam was headed by @ a(ent F. oward unt and 1 1ordonLiddy. 4he first person on their hit &ist was %anie& F&&sber( whowrote the Penta(on Papers. F&&sber( turned over secretdocuments to the press whi&e worin( with 06 %epartment of
%efense.
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+ater(ate:Nixon$s
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Nixon s%ownfa&&
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+ashin(ton Post Newspaper rised theirentire business on the faith of two reports
@ar& Eernstein and Eob +oodward andthere faith in accusin( the President of the
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+ater(ate Gffice Eui&din(
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Vietnam and Watergate
U -atergate
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Vietnam and Watergate
U 3"xo,+ #a
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Fnd of the Dietnam +ar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=954i*C,6AF
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