College of Computer and Information Science

Chapter 1

Information Technology, The Internet, and You

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Key Words & Terms

• application software: 应用软件• basic application: 基本应用软件• communication device: 通讯设备• compact disc （ CD ） : 紧凑格式盘• computer competency: 计算机技能• connectivity: 连通 , 连通性• data: 数据• database file: 数据库文件• desktop computer: 台式计算机• digital versatile (video) disc: DVD, 数字式通用盘• document file: 文档文件• end user: 终端用户• floppy disk: 软盘

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Key Words & Terms• handheld computer: 手提电脑 • hard disk: 硬盘• hardware: 硬件• high definition (hi def): 高清 ( 高清晰度 )• information: 信息• information system: 信息系统• information technology (IT) : 信息技术• input device: 输入设备• Internet: 互联网• keyboard: 键盘• mainframe computer: 大型机• memory: 内存• microcomputer: 微型计算机• microprocessor: 微处理器

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Key Words & Terms• midrange computer: 中型机• minicomputer: 小型机• modem (modulator & demodulator): 调制解调器 • monitor: 监视器• mouse: 鼠标• network: 网络• notebook computer: 笔记本电脑• operating system (OS): 操作系统• optical disk: 光盘• output device: 输出设备• palm computer: 掌上电脑• personal digital assistant (PDA): 个人数字化助理• presentation file: 演示文稿• primary storage: 主存• printer: 打印机

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Key Words & Terms• procedures: 过程 / 用户文档• program: 程序• random access memory (RAM): 可读写内存• secondary storage device: 辅助存储设备• software: 软件• specialized application: 专用应用软件• supercomputer: 超级计算机 • system software: 系统软件• system unit: 系统单元• tablet PC: 带手写板的笔记本电脑• utility: 工具软件• Web: 网• wireless revolution: 无线（通讯）革命• worksheet file: 工作表文件

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Competencies (Page 1 of 2)

• Explain the five parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.

• Distinguish between system software and application software.

• Discuss the three kinds of system software programs.

• Distinguish between basic and specialized application software.

• Identify the four types of computers and the four type of microcomputers.

Page 2

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Competencies (Page 2 of 2)

• Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices.

• Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files.

• Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, and the Internet.

Page 2

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Introduction

• Computer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills

• Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life• New forms of learning have developed• New ways to communicate, to find people with

similar interests, and to buy goods are available.

Page 3

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Five Parts of an Information System

1. People

2. Procedures

3. Software

4. Hardware

5. Data

Page 4

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People

• Most important part of any system• Contact is …

– Direct– Indirect

• Computer uses– Business & Entertainment– Education & Medicine

Page 6

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Software

• AKA Programs • Two major kinds of software

– System Software– Application Software

Page 7

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Hardware - Types of Computers

• Supercomputers• Mainframe computers• Minicomputers (also

known as mid-range

computers)• Microcomputers

Page 10

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Microcomputer Types

• Desktop

• Notebook or laptop

• Tablet PC

• Handheld

Page 11

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Microcomputer Hardware

• Four basic categories of equipment:– System Unit– Input/Output– Secondary Storage– Communication

Page 11

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System Unit

• Two important components– Microprocessor– Memory

Page 12

Return

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Input/Output Devices

• Common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse

• Common output devices are printers and monitors

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Return

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Secondary Storage

Page 13

Return

• Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available

• The most important types of secondary media are floppy, hard, and optical disks

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Communications

Page 13

• Communication Devices provide microcomputers with the ability to communicate with other computer systems across the globe

• The modem is the most widely used communication device

• Modems modify telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer

• Modems also modify computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines

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Data

• Raw, unprocessed facts• Processed data becomes information• Stored electronically in files

– Document files– Worksheet files– Database files– Presentation files

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Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet

• Connectivity– Sharing of

information – Wireless

communication is becoming popular

• Computer networks– Connected

communication system of computers

– Largest network is the Internet

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Careers In IT

• For a complete listing of careers, visit www.computing2008.com keyword: careers

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Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2) • Explain the five parts of an information system. What

part do people play in this system?

• What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software?

• Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe some different types of basic applications. Describe some types of specialized applications.

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• Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are the types of microcomputers?

• What is connectivity? How are the wireless revolution and connectivity related? What is a computer network? What is the Internet? What is the Web?

Page 24

Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)

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Crossword Puzzle Answers:

Across

Num. Clue Answer

1 The most essential part of an information system.

People

7 Coordinates computer resources. Operating System

10 Modifies signals for processing. Modem

12 Data that has been processed by the computer.

Information

13 Unprocessed facts. Data

14 Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input..

Tablet PC

Down

Num.

Clue Answer

2 Uses computers to become more productive.

End User

3 Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data.

Procedures

4 Created by word processors. Document Files

5 Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate.

Device Drivers

6 Created by database management programs.

Database Files

8 The physical equipment of a microcomputer.

Hardware

9 The world’s largest computer network.

Internet

11 Provides step-by-step instructions to the computer.

Software

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Answers for Multiple Choice and Matching

Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers

1 B E

2 B F

3 A I

4 B H

5 D A

6 D C

7 A G

8 C B

9 D D

10 D J

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The End of Chapter 1