collection preservation and access
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Image Permanence Institute2017-2018
Collection Preservation and Access
Photographic Process Identification Webinar #6
![Page 2: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Collection
Preservation
AccessIntellectual Control
![Page 3: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Collections
• Environment• Housing Materials• Institutional records• Searchability• Scholarship • Publications• Exhibitions• Education
Preservation
AccessIntellectual Control
![Page 4: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Decay• Chemical • Mechanical • Biological
![Page 5: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Causes of Decay• Light• Heat (T)• Relative Humidity (RH) • Environmental Pollutants
![Page 6: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Light
• Display: Low visible light– Amount of light depends on sensitivity of objects
• 50 lux (5 ft candle) for light sensitive objects
• 100 lux (10 ft candle) for less light sensitive objects
Albumen Print
Silver Gelatin DOP
![Page 7: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Environment
Dew Point Relative HumidityTemperature
![Page 8: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Temperature
• High T– Accelerates chemical
deterioration• Rate of decay doubles
every 5ºC/9ºF increase in T
Why?• Kinetics– Energy of a gas particle
is directly proportional to the temperature
![Page 9: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Relative Humidity
Relative Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature.
![Page 10: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WaterA deeper look…• As RH increases or decreases water diffuses
into and out of the collection until it reaches equilibrium
What this means…• Mechanical
– Objects physically expand and contract• Chemical
– Lots of water available for chemical reactions
• Biological– Mold city
![Page 11: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dew PointThe temperature at which air containing a specific about of water becomes saturated. Dew Point determines the temperature and RH combination you can achieve.
![Page 12: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Environment70° F/21° C
50% RH
Environment70° F/21° C
50% RH
![Page 13: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
#1: Ideal TemperatureFirst, address chemical stability. Keep T low
Safe Zones
![Page 14: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
#2: Ideal Relative Humidity
Safe Zone
Second, avoid RH extremes for long periods of time (1-3 months). This can lead to mold and/or mechanical decay
![Page 15: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Moisture EquilibrationSlow!
Moisture Equilibration at 20˚C (68˚F)
Materials Enclosures 90% Equilibration
Hardcover Book Book on shelf One month
35mm film Metal can Six months
![Page 16: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
EnvironmentDew Point Calculator: www.dpcalc.org
Constant Dew Point, Change in Temperature
![Page 17: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Environment
Constant Dew Point, Change in Temperature Lower Dew Point
Dew Point Calculator: www.dpcalc.org
![Page 18: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Monitoring the Environment
Compare T & %RH and its effect on preservation quality
![Page 19: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Preservation Metrics
• PI – Preservation Index
• TWPI– Time Weighted Preservation Index
![Page 20: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Preservation Metrics
• % EMC – Equilibrium Moisture Content
![Page 21: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Preservation Metrics
• Mold Risk Factor
![Page 22: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Monitoring the Environment
Continuous Measuring• Electronic Dataloggers
![Page 23: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Monitoring the EnvironmentLocation• Inside cases• Central location in storage or exhibition space– Away from doors, air vents,
heating/cooling/humidity control equipment
![Page 24: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Monitoring the EnvironmentElectronic data• Software provides graphs• Visualize changes over time• Compare data sets• Overlay data
eClimateNotebook
![Page 25: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Some SpecificsTemperature
![Page 26: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cold or Frozen
Chemical instability
Cellulose Acetate FilmCellulose Nitrate Film
Chromogenic PrintsChromogenic Film
Inkjet
![Page 27: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Color Processes
• Which of these is best preserved in “frozen storage”?
Chromogenic Silver Dye Bleach Dye Imbibition
![Page 28: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Don’t Freeze!
• Glass Plates• Internal Dye Diffusion Transfer
![Page 29: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gelatin vs Collodion POP
![Page 30: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Preparedness
• Emergency• Project Planning• Collection Survey Priorities
![Page 31: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Housing Materials
• Words, Words–Archival–Acid free
![Page 32: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Housing MaterialsISO 18902 Imaging materials — Processed imaging materials — Albums, framing and storage materials.• Passed P.A.T.• Alkaline Reserve: 2% by weight calcium carbonate (CaCO3)• Kappa Number: 7 or less• pH Test: pH 7-10• Bleed Test: no bleed
![Page 33: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Plastics
• Good– Polyester (PET)– Polypropylene– Polyethylene
• Bad– Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC)– Cellulose Acetate– Anything greasy to the
touch and/or smelly
![Page 34: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Paper vs. Plastic
PaperPro• No static• Write on itCon• Opaque• Abrasive
PlasticPro• Transparent• Non-abrasive
(polyester)Con• Static• Traps pollutants• Can’t write on it
![Page 35: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Resources
• Storage Environments: The Big Picture– https://www.connectingtocollections.org/storage-environments/
• Choosing the Datalogger that is Right for You– https://www.connectingtocollections.org/recording-community-webinar-choosing-the-datalogger-that-is-right-for-you/
![Page 36: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Resources
• www.filmcare.org• www.imagepermanenceinstitute.org
![Page 37: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Collections
Preservation
AccessIntellectual Control
![Page 38: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Access: NomenclatureSome processes have MANY different namesWhat’s in a name?• Should describe what it is…– Technology–Materials
![Page 39: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Access: Nomenclature
Inkjet Prints• Archival Digital Print• Digital Exhibition Print• Archival Pigment Print• Digital Pigment Print• Digital Print• Archival Pigment Photograph• Pigment Print
“That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet”
Chromogenic Prints (digitally exposed)• Lambda Print• Fujicolor Crystal Archive Print• Digital Chromogenic Dye Print• Digital C-Type Print• LiteJet Exposure on Alu-dibond• Lambda Digital Print• Archival Chromogenic Print• Digital C-Print• Digital Silver Halide C-Type Print
![Page 40: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Access
• Cataloging style guide– Standardize list of process names • Use technical names rather than industry proprietary
names– Chromogenic vs. C-print– Silver Dye Bleach or Dye Destruction vs. Cibachrome
– Retrieve information– Provide better access and better information to
researchers
![Page 41: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Collections
Preservation
AccessIntellectual Control
![Page 42: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• How photographs were used, by whom, and when• How the materials contribute to aesthetics
Intellectual Control
![Page 43: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Gum bichromateover silver-platinum print
Metropolitan Museum of Art
PhotogravureNational Gallery of Art
PhotogravureGibson Gallery
Edward Steichen Portraits—Evening
Edward Steichen Mr. and Mrs. Steichen
Edward Steichen Portraits, Evening
Intellectual Control
![Page 44: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Resources
• Object: Photo– www.moma.org/inter
actives/objectphoto/#home
• Graphics Atlas– www.graphicsatlas.org
![Page 45: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Survey & Thank You
Thank you!• National Endowment for the Humanities
Division of Preservation and Access• The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Survey!• A brief survey will appear at the end, please give
us feedback!
![Page 46: Collection Preservation and Access](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012721/61b390f16918656d1f105fad/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Buffered vs. Non-buffered
Does it matter?