collection development: selection context, criteria on selection and electronic resources

COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

Selection Context

Types of Library and Collection Variation

Criteria in Selection

Electronic Resources

Jennifer J. Laluna, RL

Master of Library and Information Science

University of the Philippines

COLLECTION DEVELOPMENTCONCEPT AND TERMS

strength and weaknessinformation needs

FACTORS EFFECTING COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

- identified need rather than abstract standards of qualityand quantity.

- responsive to the total community need.

-

INTRODUCTI0N

. complete knowledge of and participation on cooperative

programs at the local, regional, national and international level.

SELECTIONTERMS AND DEFFINITIONS

of the collection processwhich materials to be acquire for a library

collection

right book for the right reader at the right time.

INTRODUCTI0N

BASES OF COLLECTIONStandard developed by professional association, accrediting agencies, i.e.

• PAARL Standards DepEd• IFLA Guidelines CHED• PAASCU ISO• PACUCOA

IMPORTANCE• evaluate and measure collection and library performance

• considered authority and their credibility often are

effective means for getting library support• they provide a framework for comparison of same

type of libraries

CONTEXT OF SELECTION

• They provide the minimums for volumes, or collection levels which become target goals for libraries.

Consider the following:• the needs, wants , use, demands of library user

community which is considered as a

• Library’s mission and goals ( clear understanding)


Designators which Indicate the Depth of a collection:

A.Out of Scope Level (Zero) -no interest or mission in a specific classification range.

B. Minimal Level (One)- very basic to the subject.

Intention: User may recognize basic issues and ideas.

C. Basic Information Level (Two)Supports introductory Level Wider selection of materials such as:

(Books for College Libraries) BCL Magazines for libraries.


Intention: to keep the collection current.

D. Instructional Support Level (Three)Supports…

undergraduateindependent and

most graduate level instruction,but not post graduate level research.

Intention: to provide an in-depth understanding of a subject

andto prepare the user to be able to do research.


E. Research Level (Four)

Support the acquisition of

• major published source materials required for dissertation and independent research.

Includes

• Gray Literature

• least 65% of available periodicals titles.•

• Intention : Support research need

F. Comprehensive Level (Five)

This designates a collection to have everything on the topic no matter what the language, age, level, or format.

Intention is tocontain everything of value of subject.


TYPES OF LIBRARY; VARIATION IN COLLECTION

PUBLIC LIBRARIESSelection Characteristics

• Diversity• Growth of collection is minimal (limited space)

Selection TeamMembers of the community - Decisions to purchase and acquire.Electronic acquisition team - Technical Experts from the communityLibrarian - interpret the expressed needs other community

Depth of Collections in Print Materials (strong emphasis)• Recreational needs• Informative materials• Children’s materials• Genre fiction (wars and mystery) • How Manual Books – survival skills (immigrants)

Depth of Collections in Non-Print• Movies • Graphic/manga (Japanese comics, animation)• Audio and Video recordings.

Library Holdings (Electronics Resources)• Mp3 files, Mp 4• DVD’s, • Blueray• Audio books (vision impairments, learning

new language)• E-books for 2 percent



ACADEMIC LIBRARIES • Focus on academic program;• Main objective is to support the curriculum • Depend heavily on standing and blanket ordering.

SELECTION TEAMS• Dean/Principal• Faculty• Level/subject coordinators• Librarian

Depth of selection• Best sellers (from more of an academic or programmatic

perspective)• Great Books (Select some book of permanent value

regardless of whether or not they will be widely used.)

PUBLIC LIBRARY OF TRECE MARTIREZ

• Web Resources

• Scholarly Web

• Scholarly Articles

• Scholarly Journals

• Serials (remain the largest percentage of a library’s e-resources during the lifetime)

• E-books (only represented 5% percent)

• Online video , youtube (bandwith)

• streaming video (workable model for groups of education libraries) (Farrelly, 2008)



SCHOOL LIBRARY /SCHOOL LIBRARY MEDIA CENTER• Dominates Curriculum support• Diverse environmental settings; • Need for a very current collections • Assessment activities are regular part of the program.

SPECIAL LIBRARY supported, and administered by

business firm

private corporationassociation

government agency to meet

information needs of its members or staff in pursuing the goals of the organization. (ALA)

TYPES of SPECIAL LIBRARIES

1. Corporate /Industrial• Business

• industries

• banks

• advertising agencies

• insurance companies

• chemical companies

• aerospace corporations

• pharmaceutical companies


2. Government(Serves various department and agencies of government)

• technical cultural

• agricultural scientific

3. Institutionalmuseums associations

• hospital academic

• prisons

TYPES OF LIBRARY; SPECIAL LIBRARY

Depth of Collection Support the

information services (with an emphasis on )

current information

• Retrospetive materials

• Books , journals, resource reports

• Patents (inventions)

• News Clippings – (Business/Corporate Libraries)

• Gray Literature (Business/Corporate Libraries)

• Supports research needs of scholars

•



3 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF COLLECTIONS

1. Published Information

newspaper clippings

pamphlets

trade catalogues

government documents, etc.,

statistical compilations

sales literature

financial statements

2. Internal Generation Information

research reports technical memoranda

laboratory note books working papers

correspondence newsletters

company and competitive advertising etc.

3. Information available from sources, outside the

organization.

• Periodicals, E-resources (15% to 60%)


CRITERIA IN SELECTION

General Criteria

1. Authority (Authorship, Publisher, Sources of information)

• What is the reputation of the publisher?• What is the reputation and/or significance of the author• What do the book reviews say about them?

2. Scope –(Purpose, Coverage, Up-to-dateness)

• source coverage; • recent up-to-date materials• recency

3. Format (Arrangement, Binding, Materials used, Paper Quality)

• What is the quality of the binding and the paper with the arrangement ?

• How readable is the print?

7. Subject Matter (relevance to the subject matter to the curriculum)

What subject do you need to collect in to build up your collection?

How suitable is the subject, style, and reading level ofan item for your user community?

8. Special Features (ease of use, illustrations, utility)

Does the book have important illustrations or other features that would make it valuable?

Presentation style or writing quality.

9. Cost (Worthiness, value for money)

10. Availability for purchase - is the material still in print or is it

easily obtain from a secondhand dealer at a reasonable price?



Fiction Some questions to ask to help in the evaluation of works of fiction:

Theme

Intended audience

Is it true to life? Sensational? Exaggerated? Distorted?

Has it vitality and consistency in character depiction? Valid

psychology? Insight into human nature?

Is dramatic interest sustained?

Does it stimulate? Provoke thought? Satisfy? Amuse?


SerialsSerials titles should be selected to meet the reading interests and information needs of the library’s user community and should also complement the other library collections.

Indexing and Abstracting ServiceAvailability of the materials in other format acquired by the library

Mircoform– a generic term that includes

microfilms and microfiche

Points for consideration

1. Image

magnification

2. Format (microfilm, reel form, or fiche are the most well known)

3. Finish (silver halide, diazo, or vesicular) which effects price and

durability

4. Polarity (negative versus positive exposure)

5. Enlarged image must be readable, and should

reproduce well for it to be useful.

Multimedia (CD-ROMs, DVD –ROMs, DVDs, VCDs Computer Software)

1. Programming Factors – to include questions like:

a) Will the medium be used in formal instructional

situation?

b) Is it only for recreational use?

2. Content Factors – to include question like:

1) What is the primary purpose of the item?

2) Is the length of the program appropriate?

3) Is the topic a fad?


3. Technical Factors – to include questions like:

1) Are the visuals in proper focus

2) Does the background audio material contribute to the

overall impact

3) Is there a good synchronization of visuals and audio

4. Format Factors – to include question like:

1) If damage occurs, can it be repaired, or must one buy a

replacement copy , or does it require maintenance

2) What equipment is needed to use?


Video Recordings

Points to Consider:

• How well are the sound and picture synchronized?

• How accurately does the video depict real-life events?

What message does the video intend to convey?

• How does your library’s video collection complement the

selection of commercial video store present within the

area?


Graphic Materials(Maps, Globs, Technical Drawing, Design, Blueprint)

• Points to consider:

• Scale

• Type of projection

• The information represented

• The amount of detail and its accuracy

• The use of color and symbols

•


Audio –Recordings/Audio BookPoints of consider:

• How will you audio collection support your library’s goal?

• Will your audio collection focus on all or only certain genres?

• How well does the reader project his/her voice

• How durable is the product

• What is the overall quality of the recording?


Models , realias and dioramas(Cost and storage are some of the limiting factors in including these formats in the collection)

• Some question to consider

• Are objects less than life size reproduced in an appropriate scale?

• Is the scale sufficient to illustrate the necessary details?

• is the distortion so great as to create a false impression?

• Are the colors accurate?

• Are the objects durable enough to withstand the type of handling they will receive

•


ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Benefits of having e-resources• ease of searching • remote access to resources• consolidation of many volumes and years

into one searchable file• inclusion of video and sound

• use by several people simultaneously• easy export of information • reduced cost for binding , storage, and

stack maintenance• hyperlinks


Disadvantages

Difficulty reading computer screens:limitations of computer monitorread information in the screen

Often not included in indexing and abstracting services Format that a large proportion of e-journal use

ArchivingIf archive is guaranteed, physical storage can be savedPerishable citation - once online, if websites change URLs citations disappear

Electronic serials –• supplied directly by the publishers or via aggregators

service.

• Aggregator services – or e-journal management services where suppliers like EBSCO provide access to and manage a large selection of e-serials on the library’s behalf.

Issues to consider in availing services of aggregators:

• Which serials are available in full text?

• What back issues are available?

•

• How are additions and deletions notified to the customer?

• What is the payment model – an annual subscription to the database , or is access contingent upon a subscription to the print or electronic journal?

• Should the titles in the database be added to the library OPAC?

• Where the service and OPAC are Web-based , should links be established?


• Evaluation and Selection of Criteria for Electronic Resources

1. Content

• Inclusion of retrospective data?

• How complete is the electronic database?

• Does the electronic resource offer any special features that are not available in the print version?

• How often is the information updated?


2. Access Considerations

• How many users will the electronic resource accommodate at one time?

• Will the resource be available to an individual on a single computer terminal, or to multiple users on a LAN (local area network) , and/or remote users from their home or offices?

Your decision on what kind of access to provide will depend on the amount of demand you expect for the resource.

• How can the content of the electronic database be accessed?

• What types of search options does the resource provide?


2. Access Considerations

What types of search options?

SAMPLE OF CRITERIA IN EVALUATING THE IRSfrom the User’s Perspective to identify the points on which the data to be collected.

Using 6 criteria 1. RECALLAbility of the system to present all relevant item 2. PRECISION:Ability of the system to present ONLY those items that are relevant3. TIME LAG:The average interval between the time that the search request is made and when an answer is provided.4. EFFORT:Intellectual as well as physical, required from the user in obtaining answers to the search is provided.

5. FORM OF PRESENTATION OF THE SEARCH OUTPUT:Affects the user’s ability to make use of the retrieved items

6. COVERAGE OF THE COLLECTION:The extent to which the system includes relevant matter

CRITERIA IN EVALUATING THE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (irs)

WORLD BOOK ONLINE

1. RECALLAbility of the system to

present all relevant item

2. PRECISION:Ability of the system to

present ONLY those items that are relevant

3. TIME LAG:The average interval between the time

that the search request is made and when an answer is provided.4. EFFORT:Intellectual as well as physical, required from the user in obtaining answers to the search is provided.

5. FORM OF PRESENTATION OF THE SEARCH OUTPUT:Affects the user’s ability to make use of the retrieved items

3. Technical Support Consideration (ILS)


3. SUPPORT KOHA FOLLET INFOLIB

3.1.Duration of training days (comprises installation, maintenance, and familiarity of the system)

2 days 2 to 3 days None

3.2.Charge of additional request of training day(s) for familiarity of the system

P2,000 / day

Not specified

None

3.3.

The suppliers assists the WC library staff with the requirements for the hardware specification, installation, configuration and disaster recovery

YES YES NO

3.4.

The supplier provides 24/7 support via phone (mobile/landline), sms message, and/or thru social network/media

NO NO NO

3.5.The supplier does not limit/restrict anyone (librarian and/or staff) who asks for assistance

NO NO NO

3.6.

The supplier provides a web-based customer support facility ( i.e., view active help desk calls, webinar, tutorial in Skype, Youtube tutorial, and download software)

YES YES NO

Legal Consideration

• Important considerations when negotiating a contract:

• content grant of rights and restrictions,

• parties penalties,

• involved warranties

• definitions payment and cost

• contractual obligations, governing law,

• contract term and termination, amendments,

• indemnity and limitation of liability,

• archives and perpetual access.


4. Design

• Construction – Is the page easily navigated, or are you forced to scroll through pages of text? Are there section “under construction” or otherwise not working?

• Instructions – Are essential instructions available and easily understood?

• Graphics – Do graphic elements add to the page or distract from its content? Are the graphics relevant and/or useful


8. MAINTENANCE KOHA FOLLET INFOLIB

5.1.

General release of software updates, upgrades, uplifts, enhancements or bug fixes for modules under maintenance must be provided free of charge

YES YES NO

5.2.

The supplier will track all bugs or hotline incidents reported by the library. The library will be able to view all incidents via vendor’s tracking system.

YES YES NO

5.3.

The supplier has a mechanism to protect against unintentional loss of data and system programs and to provide full data and system recovery.

YES YES YES

5.4.

The supplier will provide the library a release schedule of new software versions and is responsible for installing and maintaining the back-end management software. The supplier will ensure that new system software updates will not impact any local customizations made by library.

YES YES NO

5. Maintenance

collection development: selection context, criteria on selection and electronic resources

Education