collaborative requirements engineering: bridging the gulf between worlds alistair sutclife tiago...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Collaborative Requirements
Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between
WorldsAlistair SutclifeAlistair Sutclife
Tiago Soares Gonçalves
Professor: Jaelson Castro
Outubro/2010
![Page 2: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introdução Introdução
![Page 3: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introdução Introdução
![Page 4: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Objetivo do artigoObjetivo do artigo
• Uma teoria do discurso da linguagem, , common ground [5], é usado como motivação método de engenharia/design para ER colaborativa,
• Avaliar como contribuições de diferentes representações (modelos) podem fazer para melhorar a compreensão mútua com as equipes de ER.
![Page 5: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Common groundCommon ground
• Conversa, compreensão mútua e comum durante relação social ou dicursão, conhecimento mútuo, base acordada….
• Teoria da análise do dicurso de Clark [5]– The common ground theory or Clark’s linguistic theory of discourse [5]
describes the process by which mutual understanding is achieved though the process structure of human-human discourse”
![Page 6: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Common groundCommon ground• Gerado a partir de 3 fontes de conhecimento:
1. Conhecimento detido pelos participantes sobre o outro durante a conversa
2. Conhecimento que vem do ambiente onde o diálogo acontece: artefatos do ambiente
3. Conhecimento compartilhado baseado em convenções sociais
• Diferentes camadas de conversas– Superfície = Expressão explícita = direto assunto– Camada de conhecimento tácito = mais profundo para interpretrações
![Page 7: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Common groundCommon ground
![Page 8: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Common groundCommon ground
Como conseguir um conversa efetiva?
![Page 9: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Effective conversationEffective conversation
![Page 10: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RE Representations and RE Representations and Communication ModalitiesCommunication Modalities
Síncrono – diálogos criam compreensão
mútua
Assíncrono – tempo para reflexão sobre o
problema
![Page 11: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RE Representations and RE Representations and Communication ModalitiesCommunication Modalities
• Investigação do papel de diferentes documentos em ER. Desde representações ER pode experimentar múltiplas interpretações [11, 24] :
• Common ground é gerado por conversas entre stakeholders, acrescido de compreensão mútua de informações expressas em representações/modelos em ER
• Quanto mais acessível a representação melhor apoia a formação da base comum de conhecimento.
![Page 12: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RE Representations and RE Representations and Communication ModalitiesCommunication Modalities
![Page 13: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RE Representations and RE Representations and Communication ModalitiesCommunication Modalities
![Page 14: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RE Representations and RE Representations and Communication ModalitiesCommunication Modalities
• storyboards e esboços são meios eficazes de promover a compreensão mútua. No entanto, estas representações são propenso a interpretações ambíguas para o entendimento entre as partes interessadas podem entrar em conflito.
• modelos informais podem reduzir a ambigüidade, possibilitando mais fácil análise, enquanto que os modelos formais podem eliminar a ambigüidade de raciocínio automatizado, porém com a desvantagem de mais difícil compreensão e acesso limitado através de grupos de interessados.
• …• Nenhuma representação unicamente será suficiente para apoiar o desenvolvimento de uma base comum, mas
sim, uma combinação é necessária para suportar diferentes atividades e fases do processo de requisitos
![Page 15: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RE Activities, Representations RE Activities, Representations and Common Groundand Common Ground
• Activities in the RE road map [16] are reviewed from a common ground perspective while investigating the role for appropriate
representations.• Elicit and Summarize• Analyse and Reflect• Negotiate and Agree• Validate Communicate• Communication Requirements
![Page 16: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Elicit and SummariseElicit and Summarise• Elicitation commences with little common ground between the users,
domain experts and requirements engineer. • This task involves not only capturing information but also making sure
that there is a shared understanding about domain facts and user goals.
• Representations play an important part in summarising information so it can be discussed and checked by all parties.
• The conversation has to progress towards a mutually agreed project: realisation of the users’ goals.
• Hence common ground has to be established between abstract and concrete views, which causes a tension that runs through all RE activities.
![Page 17: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Analyse and ReflectAnalyse and ReflectConcreto
abstrato
![Page 18: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Analyse and ReflectAnalyse and ReflectConcreto
abstrato
Informal models enable abstract viewpoints to be debated; but models may
hide ambiguities and, worse still, assertions may go
unchallenged.
![Page 19: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Negotiate and AgreeNegotiate and Agree• Negotiating, prioritising and achieving mutually agreed
requirements all focus on the process of establishing common ground between stakeholders.
• Representations have a special role to play in this activity since common ground in conversation is limited by working memory to about five topics or ideas [1, 32].
• The representation becomes an external extension to our memory.
• Árvores de decisão
![Page 20: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Validate and CommunicateValidate and Communicate• These activities have very different implications for common ground:1. Validation is the process of establishing that the requirements
specification and proposed system design satisfy users’ requirements– Mock-ups interativos, storyboards
2. Verification addresses checking and proving the correct internal behaviour of the specified– concerns only the software specialists – formal models and specifications– not accessible to users.
• Support both concrete and abstract views of requirements
![Page 21: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Validate and CommunicateValidate and Communicate• These activities have very different implications for common ground:1. Validation is the process of establishing that the requirements
specification and proposed system design satisfy users’ requirements– Mock-ups interativos, storyboards
2. Verification addresses checking and proving the correct internal behaviour of the specified– concerns only the software specialists – formal models and specifications– not accessible to users.
• Support both concrete and abstract views of requirements
![Page 22: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Managing RE ConversationsManaging RE Conversations
![Page 23: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ADVISES Case StudyADVISES Case Studya decision-support system for analysis of epidemiology problems that served two stakeholder groups: academic researchers and public health analysts.
![Page 24: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ADVISES Case StudyADVISES Case Studya decision-support system for analysis of epidemiology problems that served two stakeholder groups: academic researchers and public health analysts.
![Page 25: Collaborative Requirements Engineering: Bridging the Gulf Between Worlds Alistair Sutclife Tiago Soares Gonçalves Professor: Jaelson Castro Outubro/2010](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5706383f1a28abb8238f0b9c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ConclusõesConclusões• The contributions of this chapter have been to develop Rolland’s
vision of method engineering from the perspective of discourse theory and natural language.
• Application of Clark’s common ground as a framework for critiquing representations and techniques throws light on their relative contributions to one of the fundamental problems in RE: how to reconcile abstract and concrete views in system development, so that a mutual understanding of requirements, the software design and domain constraints emerges