(coleoptera : nitidulidae) under quebec’s climate … bernier - pupal... · (coleoptera :...
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Pupal Development of
Aethina tumida
Under Quebec’s Climate Conditions
Martine Bernier, agr.Valérie Fournier, director
Pierre Giovenazzo, co-director
(Coleoptera : Nitidulidae)
CANPOLIN’s AGM, University of Guelph, February 25th, 2011
Native from
Africa
Adapted from Neumann and Ellis, 2008, update adapted from Lounsberry et al, 2010.
2007
Australia
2002
Canada 2002, 2006
USA 1996
2007Mexico
Portugal2004
2010Hawaii
2000Egypt
2008-2010
Small Hive Beetle (SHB)
D. Anderson
SHB Location in Eastern Canada
QCONT
MI NY
ME
VTNH
(Eischen, 1999)
2008
2010
S. Gingras
Hives or Honey HousesAdults
Eggs
Larvae
Life Cycle – Beekeeping Season
potential of
3 gen./year
Pupae
M. Bernier
Soil
Rearing in Growth Chambers:
Pupal Development
• Soil Temperature :
– between 18 and 35°C (Lundie, 1940; Schmolke, 1974; Neumann et al,
2001; Mürrle and Neumann, 2005 and De Guzman and Frakes, 2007)
– under 10°C : no development (Pettis, pers. comm.)
– Quebec : Soil T° between 10 and 18°C
(Spring and Autumn)
• Soil Moisture :
– «wet (~11% water by weight)» and «dry» (Ellis et al, 2004)
Mains factors that influence pupal development
(De Guzman and Frakes, 2007; Ellis et al, 2004)
Objectives
• Determine the influence of cold soil
temperature and soil moisture on the
development duration, survival rate and
sex ratio of SHB pupae in growth
chambers
• Better understand the SHB phenology in
Southern Quebec (temperate climate)
Materials and Methods
Pupal Developement in Growth Chambers
• 3rd instar (wandering larvae)
• Potting soil
– Pasteurized (60°C for 1h), oven-dried (40°C
for 48h) and moisturized with distilled H2O
– Water content (cm3/cm3): 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25 (representative conditions of Southern Qc soils)
– T°: 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 °C
Materials and Methods
Pupal Developement in Growth Chambers
• General incomplete randomized block– Main plots: temperature
– Sub-plots : soil moisture
Source df
Block 5
Temperature (T) 5
Error a) 7
Water content (W) 2
T x W 10
Error b) 78
Total 107
ANOVABlock
Growth chamber T°
I II III
I (March 2011) 8 10 14
II (April 2011) 10 12 16
III (May 2011) 12 14 18
IV (June 2011) 14 16 8
V (July 2011) 16 18 10
VI (August 2011) 18 8 12
Materials and Methods
Pupal Developement in Growth Chambers
Plastic container
with ~ 2 L of soil
- 2 reps/water content
Probes
- T°
- Water content
- 0L:24D
- 3 reps / T°
100 3rd instar larvae
0,05
0,05
0,25
0,25
0,15
0,15
Growth Chamber
Materials and Methods
Pupal Developement in Growth Chambers
Materials and Methods
Pupal Developement in Growth Chambers
• Daily observations
• Dependant variables:
– Survival rate
– Development duration
(3rd instar-adult emergence)
– Sex ratioUniversity of Florida
Expected Results and Conclusions
• No development under 10°C
• Best development at 18°C and 0,25
cm3/cm3
• No change in sex ratio with T° or moisture
• Potential losses of honey crop
• Climate change
Thank you !Valérie Fournier, directorPierre Giovenazzo, co-director
MAPAQ & NSERC-CANPOLIN (Fundings)
Émile Houle, beekeeping technicianMickaël Benoit, beekeeping workerGeorges Martin, beekeeping workerSylvain Gingras, beekeeping workerJoel Laberge, beekeeper (hive maintenance)Beekeepers from Montérégie-OuestConrad Cloutier, professor (Biology Department, U. Laval)Olivier Bouchard, graphic designer
Mélissa Girard, M. Sc., agr., professionnelle de recherche
Sébastien Beauchamp, undergraduate student
Jeff Pettis, USDA researcher