Cold War: Superpowers Face

OffChapter 17-1

Vocabulary1947-1991

O United NationsO Iron CurtainO ContainmentO Truman DoctrineO Marshall PlanO Cold WarO NATOO Warsaw PactO Brinksmanship

Allies Become EnemiesO U.S. and USSR alliance starts to

unravel before WWII endsO U.S. mad that Stalin signed non-

aggression pactO Stalin mad at Allies for not invading

Europe sooner

Yalta ConferenceO U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union met in

Feb 1945 and decided to divide Germany into 4 occupied zonesO U.S.O FranceO BritainO USSR

Creation of UNO June 1945 48 nations formed the United

Nations in San FranciscoO United Nations: International Peace

keeping organizationO Five Permanent Members with veto power

O U.SO FranceO Great BritainO ChinaO Soviet Union

U.S. versus USSR GoalsO U.S. left the war strong, USSR left

weak and madO Communism versus CapitalismO Capitalism: economic system

where the means of production are controlled by individuals for profit.

O Communism: Means of production are owned by everyone.

USSRO Goal to protect their country from

any future invasion and spread Communism

O Eastern Europe was that bufferO Collection of communist statesO Iron Curtain Speech-Churchill in the

U.S.O Represents Europe’s division into

Democratic Western states and Communist Eastern Europe

U.S. Tries to Contain Soviets

O U.S. foreign policy of Containment: Policy geared towards stopping the expansion of Communism. Helping countries resist Communism

O Truman Doctrine: Financial support for countries resisting Communism

O Marshall Plan: Financial support for Western European countries to re build

O Also prevented Communism from becoming popular

The Berlin AirliftO The City of Berlin was divided into

West and East.O The West was surrounded by Soviet

controlled GermanyO Stalin cut off access to supplies

O U.S. and GB flew supplies into West Berlin for almost a year to keep them fed and supplied

O Stalin lifts embargo

Cold War Divides the World

O Small conflicts combined to be what we call the Cold War

O NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization O Alliance of U.S., Canada, Britain and

many others to come to each others aid if attacked

O Warsaw Pact: created in response to NATO by the Communist countries

Threat of Nuclear WarO 1949 Soviet Union exploded their first

bombO Arms race: the race to have more

weapons than the other side.O Brinksmanship: The willingness to to

go to the brink or edge of war and the politics associated with that.

O ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile used to push the war into space

O Space Race

U-2O CIA put spy planes high in the skies

above the USSRO One was caught in 1960

O Francis Gary Powers was caught and exchanged after a few years for a Soviet Spy

O Heightened Cold War tensionsO U.S. denied spying but was caught

red handed

AssessmentO What were Stalin’s motives in

supporting Communist governments in Eastern Europe?

O Why might Berlin be a likely spot for trouble to develop during the Cold War

O What factors help to explain why the U.S. and the Soviet Union became rivals instead of allies?