COLD WAR AND ECONOMIC

GROWTHStandard 20 and 21

Mrs. McClary

PROMOTING DEMOCRACY AFTER WORLD WAR II Tensions between the US and Soviet Union

rose after WWII. US feared Soviet influence and communism

would spread throughout Europe. Western Europe was mainly democratic and

Eastern Europe was mainly communist. This separation was known as the “iron

curtain” “Policy of containment” or “Truman

Doctrine” stated the US would help vulnerable countries to prevent them from falling under Soviet rule.

MARSHALL PLAN Marshall Plan allowed western Europe to

rebuild itself after the war. The Allies would pay for the construction.

The Allies wanted to reunify Germany but the Soviets would not allow their portion of Germany to join.

Germany was then divided into Western and Eastern portions. (democratic and communist)

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was formed to provide military assistance if any member was attacked.

Communist nations did the same with their Warsaw Pact.

THE POLICY OF CONTAINMENT WAS INTRODUCED AS AMERICA'S FOREIGN POLICY WITH THE

A. The Tet OffensiveB. The Truman DoctrineC. The Berlin AirliftD. The Marshall Plan

SPREADING COMMUNISM Cold War: struggle for world power

between the US and the Soviet Union Domino Theory: if one country fell to

communism, its neighbors would likely fall too

Korean War was fought to stop the spread of communism into Korea from neighboring China in 1950. It ended 3 years later without much change.

MCCARTHYISM Americans feared a communist take-

over during the Cold War. The spread of communism in Eastern

Europe, China, and Korea made many Americans panic.

Senator Joseph McCarthy led a witch-hunt in the US which accused many Americans of being communist sympathizers.

He accused many celebrities, politicians, and military leaders.

MCCARTHYISM

WHAT WAS THE FOCUS OF MCCARTHYISM?A. A presidential bidB. Campaign finance reformC. A political movement promoting

liberalismD. Rooting out communism in the US

SPACE RACE October 4, 1957 the

Soviets launched the first satellite into space, Sputnik I.

Americans feared the Soviets could spy on them from space and that the US was behind in technology.

In 1961, the Soviet launch the first man into space, Yuri Gagarin.

The US sent John Glenn to orbit the Earth in 1962.

The race was on to see who could land on the moon first.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS In 1959, Cuba became the first communist

nation in the western hemisphere. In 1961, the US supported an invasion of Cuba

by exiled Cubans which failed miserably, known as the Bay of Pigs.

In 1962, Cuba installed missiles that could reach the US beginning the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The US conducted a naval blockade of Cuba and it looked like war with the Soviets was possible.

Finally, negotiations successfully got the Soviets to remove the missiles and the US to remove its navy.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS POLITICAL CARTOON

VIETNAM WAR After WWII, Vietnam was divided into North

and South. Communist China and the Soviet Union supported the North while the United States supported the South.

The US saw this as an opportunity to stop the spread of communism in Asia.

It was really a civil war between the two sides in Vietnam, with the south aided by the US.

Tet Offensive: attack on major cities, military bases, airfields, and the US embassy by North Vietnam

THE DOMINO THEORY HELD THAT IF ONE COUNTRY IN A REGION FELL TO COMMUNISM, OTHERS WOULD SOON FOLLOW. THIS WAS A FACTOR IN…

A. The Vietnam WarB. The Warsaw PactC. The Berlin BlockadeD. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

VIETNAM WAR

VIETNAM WAR CONTINUED… Tet Offensive shocked Americans and

showed many that victory would never be achieved.

It was the turning point of the war. The war ended in 1975 when South

Vietnam surrendered to the communist North.

58,000 US soldiers died along with about 2 million civilians, 1 million North Vietnamese soldiers, and 200,000 South Vietnamese soldiers.

Many Americans protested the war.

VIETNAM WAR PROTESTS

THE DECLINE IN PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE VIETNAM WAR INCLUDED ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT

A. Scenes of carnage shown on tvB. The space raceC. The death of American soldiersD. Protests calling for an end to the war

AMERICAN ON THE MOVE Population soared in the years following

WWII. Know as the “baby boom”. Levittown: subdivision of 17,447 identical

homes that were mass produced and assembled on site.

Suburbs grow after WWII. Suburbs are close to cities but sheltered from urban problems.

GI Bill allows soldiers to go to college for free

US was building interstates, TV's became popular in homes, and people were living the American dream.

WHY WAS THE 1947 SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT LEVITTOWN OF IMPORTANCE?

A. Levitt was a well-known developerB. Other suburban developments failedC. It signified a trend in American societyD. It was the only suburban development

for years

LEVITTOWN, LONG ISLAND NY

TELEVISION American’s have TV’s in most homes for

the first time. The first presidential election debate

was shown in 1960 between Kennedy and Nixon.

People listening to the radio said Nixon won. TV watchers said Kennedy won.

Watch Neil Armstrong walk on the moon on July 20, 1969.

US had entered the age of information.

IN 1950, 4 MILLION HOMES HAD A TV. BY 1960, 45 MILLION HOMES HAD A TV. WHAT DOES THIS INDICATE?

A. An increase in prosperityB. A distaste for modern technologyC. A rise in the use of the automobileD. A downward trend in the

entertainment industry

TV CHANGES AMERICA

VIETNAM MEDIA CLIPS http://www.youtu

be.com/watch?v=QazmVHAO0os

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPr9g3EVz-o&has_verified=1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLyBazkpUFQ&feature=fvw

WHAT HAD A MAJOR IMPACT ON THE OUTCOME OF THE 1960 KENNEDY-NIXON DEBATES?

A. Political platformsB. radioC. computersD. television