Cognitive Neuroscience

By:- Manpreet SinghIIT Roorkee

What is Cognition?

• All mental abilities and processes related to knowledge, attention, memory, reasoning, computing etc.

History

• The term was coined first by George A Miller and Michael Gazzaniga toward the end of the 1970s

History : 19th Century

• Localization View

• Aggregated Field view

• Neuropsychology – Borca’s area

• Mapping the brain-Hitzig and Fritsch

History : 20th Century

• Neuron Doctrine

• New brain mapping

• Birth of Cognitive Neuroscience :– combining neuroscience and cognitive science

Why study Cognition?

• can provide insight into areas of cognition

• can help distinguish between different theories relating to how that process is performed.

• can help guide the design of artificial intelligence systems intended to mimic human abilities

How Cognition is studied?

• Psychophysics

• Electroencephalography(EEG)

• fMRI

• Electrocorticography

• Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Psychophysics

• the scientific study of the relation between stimulus and sensation

• experiments seek to determine whether the subject can detect a stimulus, identify it, differentiate between it and another stimulus, or describe the magnitude or nature of this difference

Electrocorticogaphy

• It is the practice of using electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex.

• Invasive

Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation

• Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method used to stimulate small regions of the brain.

Electroencephalography(EEG)

• Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp.

Electroencephalography(EEG)

fMRI

• Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuro-imaing procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow.

As long as our brain is a mystery, the universe, the reflection of the structure of the brain will also be a mystery

Thank you