cockney dialect - kubsu.ru
TRANSCRIPT
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Cockney Dialect
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Cockney dialect
• Cockney – is dialect of the English language traditionally spoken by working-class Londoners. Cockney is also often used to refer to anyone from London—in particular, from its East End.
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Cockney is a combination
• Social dialect
• street traders
• fruit sellers
• cab workers
• market workers etc.
• Local dialect
• the area of the church St Mary-Le-Bow in East London
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Etymology of the word “cockney” 1. 1362 - William Langland
«The vision of William concerning Piers Plowman»
“And yet I seye, by my soule! I haue no salt bacon, Ne no Cokeney, by Crist, Coloppes to maken!”
Cockney misshapen, malformed egg
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2. 1386 - Geoffrey Chaucer
“The Canterbury Tales”:
«He auntred hym, and has his nedes sped, And I lye as a draf-sak in my bed; And when this jape is tald another day, I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay!»
• cockney spoilt child
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• 3. 16th century
• “cockney” “townsman”
• 1521 - Robert Whittington “Vulgaria”:
• “This In this great cytees as London, York…the children…they can little good.”
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?
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• 17 th - Samuel Rowlands “
• “Londiners, and all within the sound of Bow-bell, are in reproach called Cocknies, and eaters of buttered tostes.”
• Cockney
•
• Londoner
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• Ways of explanation what the “cockney” is:
• 14th century: misshapen egg;
• 15th century: spoilt child;
• 16th century: any city dweller (as opposed to countrymen);
• 17th century: a Londoner (in particular, born within the sound of Bow Bells);
• 18th-19th century: Londoners and their dialect.
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Geographical Area of Cockney
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Cockney today
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Phonetics peculiarities of Consonants
• H-dropping:
• the phoneme /h/ in the words is ommited
• horrible [ɔribl]
• hospital [ɔspitl]
• hope [ɔup]
• help [elp]
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Glottal stop • Glottalled in Cockney are the plosives /p, t,
k/.
• Do what?
• water, cottage
• blackboard
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TH - fronting • Dental fricatives /θ, ð/ are replaced by the
labio-dental sounds:
• /θ/ - /f/
• think [fink]
• theatre [fiətə]
• author [o:fə]
• /ð/ - /v/
• the [v]
• this [vis]
• Northern [no:vn]
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Th-fronting
• • For initial /ð/, working-class people use mostly the post-alveolar plosive /d/
• this [dis]
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L-vocalization
• When /l/ sound occurs at the end of a word
• is replaced by /ʊ/
• Wales
• a glass of milk - /miʊk/
• shelf - /ʃeʊf/.
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Ending -ing
• Cockney drops the final g and /ɳ/ becomes /n/
• hunting - /hʌntɪn/
• /ɳ/ is replaced by /ɳk/
• think
/fɪɳk/ • thing
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In Vovels
• final position of /ə/
• In final position very open realizations of /ə/
• stronger
• faster
• harder
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• The sound /ʌ/ becomes /æ/
• blood [blʌd] - [blæd]
• much
• touch
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The diphthong shift
• Dipthongoid /I:/ becomes /əi/
• Fleese [fli:s] - [fləis]
• peace [pi:s] – [peis]
• Diphthong /ei/ becomes /ai/
• day [deɪ] - [daɪ]
• face [feis] – [fais]
• mate [meit] – [mait]
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• /ai/ becomes /ɒɪ/
• Climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈklɒɪ.mət/
• like [laik] – [lɒɪk]
• pie [pai] - [pɒɪ]
• /ɑʊ/ becomes /a:/
• ours [ɑʊz] - [a:z]
• house [hɑʊz] – [ha:z]
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Rhyming slang
• Cockney rhyming slang - is a humorous slang first used by cockneys in the East End of London.
• The slang is created by rhyming an English word with another word or a set phrase.
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• The golden rule for rhyming slang is following:
• the word that does not rhyme becomes the word used
• “bees and honey” rhymes with “money”, so instead of “honey” the use “bees”
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Adam and Eve
• a) relieve
• b) perceive
• c) believe
• Answer: believe
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Dog and bone
• a) row
• b) home
• c) phone
• Answer: phone
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nose and chin
• a) to come in
• b) to begin
• c)to win
• Answer: to win
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oak and ash
• a) to smash
• b) cash
• c) to crash
• Answer: cash
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• half a dollar – a collar
• Jack the Ripper – slippers
• Britney Spears, pig's ear – beer
• fisherman's daughter – water
• German band – the hand
• chalk farm – the arm
• bull and cow – row (We had a bull and cow last night)
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• Adam and Eve – to believe
• bees and honey – money
• Duke of Kent – to rent
• Duke of York – a fork
• Mickey Roon – a spoon
• trouble and strife – the wife
• uncle Ned – a bed
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Grammar peculiarities • • past tense of irregular verbs is
formed by adding an -ed suffix, normally possible just with regular verbs
Standard grammar Cockney grammar
grow grew growed
build built builded
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• • In Cockney English such forms as seen, done, gone, etc. for saw, did, went are largely incorporated into everyday speech
• I done it yesterday ( instead of did)
• I seen her (instead of saw)
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• Adding the ending “-s” in every person in singular:
• I goes
• You goes
• he starves
• I rides
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Double negation • I ain’t have none (I don’t have any)
• There ain’t nuffink like it (There is nothing like it).
• I haven’t got no dog in my car (I haven’t got a dog in my car )
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Swapping the possesive case to the objective
• me family (my)
• I live with me mother
• It’s me
• It’s him (his)
• It’s them (their)
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Question tags
• innit for isn’t it,
• inneye for isn’t he
• dinnee for didn’t he
• He came home, denee?
• It’s a nice day, innit?
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Omition of auxiliaries, prepositions or pronouns
• I’m going down the pub (I am going down to the pub)
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•Double compared adjectives This was the most unkindest visit of all. His sister was the most beautifulest at the party.
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•Adding a redundant adjective
• the tiny little puppy
• a big huge house
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Estuary English
• David Rosewarne 1894
• “variety of modified regional speech”
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• Lexical features
• “Cheers” instead of “thank you” /“Good bye”.
• “There you go” instead of “Here you are”,
• Grammatical features
• omission of the –ly ending n adverbs (They talked very quiet)
• generalization of the third person (I gets out of the car)
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Questions:
• 1. Which meanings did the word “cockney” have?
• 2. List grammar peculiarities of Cockney dialect.
• 3. What is the golden rule of rhyming slang?
• 4. How Cockney dialect is connected with St. Mary-le-Bow Church?
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