COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Unit 1 Sample

(a) Figure 4 shows part of a coastal system.

(i) Identify two sources of sediment at X. (2)

(ii) Outline the role of sub-aerial weathering in shaping the coast. (3)

(b) What are the differences between constructive and destructive waves? (4)

(c) Explain the formation of landforms typical of coastlines of emergence. (6)

(d) With reference to one or more case study of coastal management, discuss whether the benefits outweigh the costs. (15)

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Unit 1 Sample 2

(a) What are tides? How do tides influence the formation of coastal features? (4)

(b) Study Figures 4 and 5. They show the coastline of Pembrokeshire.

Describe the coastal landforms and explain how marine and sub-aerialprocesses have combined to produce these landforms. (7)

(c) Choose one of the following coastal management strategies:● gabions● groynes● barragesDescribe the technique and explain how it helps to protect the coastline. (4)

(d) Evaluate the potential of soft engineering techniques for managing coasts ina sustainable way.Make reference to one or more case studies of coastal management wheresuch techniques have been dominant. (15)

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2009

(a) Describe the characteristics of a sediment cell. (4)

Figure 4 shows selected beach landforms.

(b) Explain the contrasting locations of the beach landforms shown in Figure 4. (4)

(c) Describe the characteristics of spits and explain their formation. (7)

(d) With specific reference to a case study of coastal erosion, assess the relative importance of its physical and socio-economic consequences. (15)

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Jan 2010

(a) Study Figures 5a and 5b which show part of Happisburgh, Norfolk, in 2002 and 2007 Respectively.

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(a)(i) Outline evidence that suggests marine

erosion is occurring along this coast. (4)

(a) (ii) Figure 5a shows revetments. Suggest reasons why revetments were ineffective in protecting this coast. (4)

(b) Describe processes of transportation on a beach. (7)

(c) Explain the causes of sea level change and the formation of resultant coastal landforms. (15)

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2010

1 (a) Study Figure 3 which is a photograph of constructive waves.

Describe the characteristics of the waves shown in Figure 3. (2)

(b) Outline the effects of constructive waves such as those shown in Figure 3. (3)

(c) Explain the role of sub-aerial weathering in coastal environments. (4)

2 Explain the formation of headlands and bays. (6)

3 Discuss issues relating to a coastal area where soft engineering management strategies have been adopted. (15)

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Jan 2011

3 (a) Study Figure 5 which shows the size of beach material along Criccieth beach, Cardigan Bay.

3 (a) (i) Describe the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5. 3 marks

3 (a) (ii) Suggest reasons for the pattern shown by the data in Figure 5. 4 marks

3 (b) (ii) Explain the conditions needed for the development of coastal dunes. 5 marks

3 (c) Using a case study, assess the causes and consequences of coastal flooding. 15 marks

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2011

3 (a) Study Figure 3 which shows evidence of mass movement south of Mappleton on the Holderness coast.

3 (a) (i) Define the term ‘mass movement’. (2 marks)

3 (a) (ii) Describe evidence in Figure 3 which shows that mass movement has occurred. 4 marks

3 (b) (i) Describe physical causes of coastal erosion. 5 marks

3 (b) (ii) Explain how beach nourishment can reduce coastal erosion. 4 marks

3 (c) Hard engineering has been used to protect some coasts.

With reference to a case study, explain how hard engineering can protect the coast and comment on its effectiveness. 15 marks

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Jan 2012

4 marks

3 (c) Draw a labelled sketch to show characteristics of a wave-cut platform and explain its formation. 7 marks

3 (d) Discuss the impact(s) of rising sea levels on coastal environments. 15 marks

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2012

3 (a) Define the term ‘hard engineering’. 2 marks

3 (b) Study Figure 5 which shows hard engineering at Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex.

Describe how the hard engineering shown in Figure 5 protects the coast. 4 marks

3 (c) (i) Outline reasons why some areas of coastline are protected. 3 marks

3 (c) (ii) Study Figure 6 which shows the possible impact of a proposed coastal management plan for Norfolk.

With the help of Figure 6, describe issues likely to result from these proposals. 6 marks

3 (d) Describe two or more landforms resulting from coastal erosion (such as headlands and bays, blow holes, arches, stacks, cliffs and wave cut platforms) and explain their formation. 15 marks

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – Jan 2013

(a) Distinguish between constructive waves and destructive waves. [4 marks]

(b) Study Figure 4 which shows coastal erosion in Happisburgh, Norfolk.

(b) (i) Using Figure 4 only, describe evidence that this coast is being eroded. [4 marks]

(b) (ii) Use one case study to describe the socio-economic consequences of coastal erosion. [ 7 marks]

(c) ‘Soft engineering works in harmony with the natural environment and is effective in protecting the coast.’ To what extent do you agree with this view? [ 15 marks]

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2013

(a) (i) Distinguish between eustatic and isostatic sea level change. [3 marks]

(a) (ii) Study Figure 4 which shows observed and predicted sea level change between 1800 and 2100.

Describe the trends shown in Figure 4. [ 3 marks]

(b) (i) Draw a labelled sketch to show the characteristics of one landform associated with a coastline of submergence. [4 marks]

(b) (ii) Explain the formation of this landform. [ 5 marks]

(c) Discuss the relative importance of two or more processes responsible for shaping the coast (such as marine erosion, transportation; deposition and land-based sub-aerial weathering, mass movement and runoff). [15 marks]

COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS – June 2014