coal mining
TRANSCRIPT
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Name Asad
Reg # BSMT01143007
Applied Chemistry
DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY
MINING OF COAL
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Prospecting and exploration
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Prospecting and exploration
The fundamental objective of coal prospecting is to discover coal resources through a
search. In areas where coal mining has not been previously practiced, the search process
should result in obtaining coal samples that give reasonable evidence of the existence of
a coal seam. Once a seam has been discovered, considerable further work
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MINING METHODS
Coal is mined by two main methods:
1. Underground or 'deep' mining
2. Surface or 'open-cut' mining
The choice of method is largely determined by the geology of the
coal deposit, in particular the depth of the seam below the
surface.
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What determines the type of mining?
Underground vs. Surface Mining
● Depth of below surface
● Size of the ore body
● Shape of the ore body
● Grade
● Type of Ore
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Underground Mining
When do we mine underground?
The ore deposit is deep
Ore body is steep
Grade is high enough to cover costs
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Underground MiningIn underground coal mining, the working environment is
completely enclosed by the geologic medium, which consists of
the coal seam and the overlying and underlying strata. Access to
the coal seam is gained by suitable openings from the surface,
There are two main methods of extracting coal by underground
mining:
1. room-and-pillar and
2. long wall mining.
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Room-and-pillar mining
underground coal is mined by the roomand pillar method,
whereby rooms are cut into the coal bed leaving a series of
pillars, or columns of coal, to help support the mine roof and
control the flow of air.
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Room-and-pillar mining
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In the longwall mining method, mine development is carried out
in such a manner that large blocks of coal, usually 100 to 300
metres wide and 1,000 to 3,000 metres long, are available for
complete extraction
A block of coal is extracted in slices
Long wall mining
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Long wall mining
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When do you use Surface Mining?
● Large tonnage
● High rates of production
● Overburden (including rock) is thin
Surface Mining
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surface mining
Surface mining is used when deposits of commercially useful
minerals or rock are found near the surface; that is, where the
overburden is relatively thin
In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment
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surface mining
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Surface coal mining sequence of operations:
(1) clearing the land of trees and vegetation,
(2) removing and storing the top layers of the unconsolidated soil (topsoil),
(3) drilling the hard strata over the coal seam,
(4) fragmenting or blasting the hard strata with explosives,
(5) removing the blasted material, exposing the coal seam, and cleaning the
top of the coal seam,
(6) fragmenting the coal seam, as required, by drilling and blasting,
(7) loading the loose coal onto haulage conveyances,
(8) transporting the coal from the mine to the plant, and
(9) reclaiming lands affected by the mining activity.
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Mining operations
1. clearing the land of trees and vegetation,
2. removing and storing the top layers of the unconsolidated soil (topsoil),
3. drilling the hard strata over the coal seam,
4. fragmenting or blasting the hard strata with explosives,
5. removing the blasted material, exposing the coal seam, and cleaning the top of the
coal seam,
6. fragmenting the coal seam, as required, by drilling and blasting,
7. loading the loose coal onto haulage conveyances,
8. transporting the coal from the mine to the plant, and
reclaiming lands affected by the mining activity.